Adulthood and Aging: Explore the Physical, Cognitive, and Social Changes

Question 1

Which cognitive ability generally stays the same or gets better as we age?

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence

Answer

Fluid intelligence

Answer

Working memory capacity

Answer

Processing speed

Question 2

Which social theory proposes that individuals in adulthood prioritize maintaining relationships with close individuals?

Accepted Answer

Socioemotional selectivity theory

Answer

Activity theory

Answer

Continuity theory

Answer

Age stratification theory

Question 3

Which of the following is a common developmental milestone NOT typically associated with adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Completing secondary education

Answer

Establishing a career

Answer

Starting a family

Answer

Achieving financial independence

Question 4

What is the gradual decline in cognitive abilities associated with aging called?

Accepted Answer

Normal aging

Answer

Dementia

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Cognitive impairment

Question 5

Which psychological theory suggests that individuals tend to become more self-aware and introspective as they age?

Accepted Answer

Jung's theory of individuation

Answer

Midlife crisis

Answer

Empty nest syndrome

Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development

Question 6

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the primary task of early adulthood is to establish:

Accepted Answer

Identity versus identity confusion

Answer

Intimacy versus isolation

Answer

Generativity versus stagnation

Answer

Integrity versus despair

Question 7

Which cognitive function generally declines with age?

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence

Answer

Crystallized intelligence

Answer

Working memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Question 8

The most common form of dementia in older adults is:

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Huntington's disease

Answer

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Question 9

Which term describes the sharing of knowledge and experiences between older and younger generations?

Accepted Answer

Intergenerational learning

Answer

Mentorship

Answer

Cultural transmission

Answer

Transgenerational knowledge transfer

Question 10

What is the predominant cause of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?

Accepted Answer

Damage to photoreceptor cells in the retina

Answer

Thickening of the lens

Answer

Reduced blood flow to the optic nerve

Answer

Increased pressure in the vitreous humor

Question 11

Which type of social support is most beneficial for older adults?

Accepted Answer

Emotional support

Answer

Instrumental support

Answer

Informational support

Answer

Companionship support

Question 12

What is the phenomenon where older adults tend to favor information that reinforces their existing beliefs called?

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Conservatism effect

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Trust bias

Question 13

Approximately what is the average age of menopause in the United Kingdom?

Accepted Answer

50-55

Answer

45-50

Answer

55-60

Answer

60-65

Question 14

Which of the following is a cognitive ability that tends to decline with age?

Accepted Answer

Processing speed

Answer

Crystallized intelligence

Answer

Verbal fluency

Answer

Long-term memory

Question 15

What is the term for the gradual reduction in brain size and weight that occurs with age?

Accepted Answer

Atrophy

Answer

Dementia

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Synaptic pruning

Question 16

What type of memory refers to our ability to recall past events and experiences?

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Semantic memory

Answer

Procedural memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of social isolation in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Improved physical health

Answer

Increased risk of depression

Answer

Impaired cognitive function

Answer

Reduced mortality

Question 18

Which theory suggests that elderly individuals tend to withdraw from social interactions as they age?

Accepted Answer

Disengagement theory

Answer

Activity theory

Answer

Continuity theory

Answer

Socioemotional selectivity theory

Question 19

What is the name of the neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Huntington's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Question 20

What term describes the typical decline in cognitive function associated with normal aging?

Accepted Answer

Mild cognitive decline

Answer

Cognitive impairment

Answer

Senile dementia

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Question 21

What is the primary focus of Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory of adulthood?

Accepted Answer

The development of a coherent sense of self and purpose

Answer

The attainment of cognitive milestones

Answer

The resolution of emotional conflicts

Answer

The formation of close relationships

Question 22

Erikson's stage of psychosocial development that emphasizes establishing close relationships and intimacy occurs during:

Accepted Answer

Early adulthood (young adulthood)

Answer

Middle adulthood

Answer

Late adulthood (old age)

Answer

Adolescence

Question 23

A significant social change often associated with aging is:

Accepted Answer

Reduced social interaction and participation in social activities

Answer

Increased financial security and enhanced economic well-being

Answer

Enhanced political participation and civic engagement

Answer

Improved physical health and increased mobility

Question 24

Which type of memory is most significantly affected by the aging process?

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory (memory for specific events and experiences)

Answer

Semantic memory (memory for general knowledge and facts)

Answer

Procedural memory (memory for skills and habits)

Answer

Working memory (short-term memory for holding and manipulating information)

Question 25

When working with older adults, it is crucial to prioritize which ethical principle?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy (respecting the right to make independent decisions)

Answer

Beneficence (doing good and providing benefits)

Answer

Non-maleficence (avoiding harm and minimizing risks)

Answer

Justice (ensuring fair and equitable treatment)

Question 26

According to Piaget's theory, which cognitive stage is most commonly reached by early adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Formal operational

Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Concrete operational

Question 27

Which of the following social factors can positively impact the experience of aging?

Accepted Answer

Strong social support

Answer

Low socioeconomic status

Answer

Occupational stress

Answer

Social isolation

Question 28

Which of the following is a common developmental milestone of late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Retirement

Answer

Establishing a career

Answer

Becoming a parent

Answer

Receiving a university degree

Question 29

Which of the following is a known risk factor for developing dementia?

Accepted Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Physical activity

Answer

Low socioeconomic status

Answer

Healthy diet

Question 30

Which type of social support has been shown to have a protective effect against depression in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Emotional support

Answer

Informational support

Answer

Instrumental support

Answer

Tangible support

Question 31

Which research design is most suitable for studying the developmental changes that occur during adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal study

Answer

Cross-sectional study

Answer

Experimental study

Answer

Quasi-experimental study

Question 32

What is a key cognitive development in early adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Formal operational reasoning

Answer

Sensorimotor development

Answer

Preoperational thought

Answer

Concrete operational reasoning

Question 33

What is a common challenge faced by individuals during middle adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Empty nest syndrome

Answer

Erikson's identity crisis

Answer

Cognitive decline

Answer

Physical limitations

Question 34

What is a key aspect of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Answer

Identity vs. Identity Confusion

Answer

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer

Trust vs. Mistrust

Question 35

According to Erikson's theory of development, which of the following is a primary task during the 'Intimacy vs. Isolation' stage of adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Establishing close, committed relationships

Answer

Focusing solely on personal achievements

Answer

Maintaining independence from others

Answer

Avoiding intimacy and commitment

Question 36

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in memory and attention and typically declines during aging?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Question 37

According to the social convoy theory of aging, which of the following is not considered a factor influencing the quality of social support in later life?

Accepted Answer

Overall physical health

Answer

The size and composition of the social network

Answer

The emotional quality of relationships

Answer

The physical proximity of family and friends

Question 38

Which type of intelligence remains relatively stable throughout adulthood, even as fluid intelligence declines?

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence

Answer

Fluid intelligence

Answer

Practical intelligence

Answer

Emotional intelligence

Question 39

Discuss the ethical concerns raised by ageism in society and suggest effective strategies to tackle it.

Accepted Answer

Educating people about the realities of aging can effectively combat ageism.

Answer

Ageism is not an ethical issue.

Answer

Ageism is an inevitable part of life that cannot be prevented.

Answer

Ageism only affects older adults.

Question 40

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, the primary developmental task during adulthood is:

Accepted Answer

Generativity vs. stagnation

Answer

Identity vs. confusion

Answer

Intimacy vs. isolation

Answer

Integrity vs. despair

Question 41

Which cognitive change is commonly associated with normal aging?

Accepted Answer

Slower processing speed

Answer

Improved short-term memory

Answer

Enhanced problem-solving

Answer

Increased impulsivity

Question 42

What is the term for age-related hearing loss?

Accepted Answer

Presbycusis

Answer

Presbyopia

Answer

Age-related macular degeneration

Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 43

What is the term for a group of friends and family who provide social support throughout life?

Accepted Answer

Social convoy

Answer

Formal support system

Answer

Aging support network

Answer

Interest group

Question 44

According to the theory of 'socioemotional selectivity', older adults become more:

Accepted Answer

Selective in their social interactions, prioritizing meaningful relationships

Answer

Dependent on their primary relationships, such as family and close friends

Answer

Limited in their emotional experiences, showing reduced emotional range

Answer

Unable to form new friendships, experiencing social isolation

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT typically considered a physical change associated with adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Improved immune function and resistance to infections

Answer

Increased muscle mass and strength

Answer

Decline in bone density and increased risk of osteoporosis

Answer

Slower metabolism and decreased energy levels

Question 46

The theory of gerotranscendence suggests that in late adulthood, individuals may experience:

Accepted Answer

Increased spirituality, self-awareness, and a sense of purpose

Answer

Significant decline in cognitive abilities, including memory and problem-solving

Answer

Withdrawal from social interactions and loss of interest in activities

Answer

Exclusive focus on physical health and well-being

Question 47

Which cognitive function typically remains stable or even improves throughout adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence, which encompasses accumulated knowledge and skills

Answer

Fluid intelligence, which involves the ability to reason and solve novel problems

Answer

Working memory, which allows us to hold and manipulate information in the mind

Answer

Attention, which refers to the ability to focus and concentrate

Question 48

In Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, the stage of intimacy vs. isolation is primarily concerned with:

Accepted Answer

Developing close and meaningful relationships with others

Answer

Establishing a stable career path and financial security

Answer

Achieving a sense of personal identity and self-acceptance

Answer

Preparing for retirement and the transition to later life

Question 49

Which of the following is typically observed as a social change during adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Expansion of social networks and increased social engagement

Answer

Reduction in social support and isolation from society

Answer

Shift in values towards collectivism and group orientation

Answer

Increased feelings of loneliness and social withdrawal

Question 50

The concept of successful aging refers to:

Accepted Answer

Maintaining good physical and mental health, as well as a sense of purpose and well-being

Answer

Achieving financial security and material wealth

Answer

Having a large and supportive social network

Answer

Retiring at an early age and pursuing leisure activities

Question 51

The academic field that focuses on the study of aging and its effects on individuals and society is called:

Accepted Answer

Gerontology, which encompasses the psychological, social, and biological aspects of aging

Answer

Geriatrics, which deals with the medical care of older adults

Answer

Sociology, which examines the social institutions and structures that affect aging

Answer

Anthropology, which studies the cultural and historical perspectives on aging

Question 52

What is the term used to refer to discrimination based on age?

Accepted Answer

Ageism

Answer

Elderism

Answer

Adultism

Answer

Seniorism

Question 53

Which of the following is a physical change commonly associated with aging?

Accepted Answer

Reduced bone density

Answer

Increased muscle mass

Answer

Faster reflexes

Answer

Improved coordination

Question 54

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development suggests that the main conflict faced by young adults is:

Accepted Answer

Intimacy vs. isolation

Answer

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Answer

Generativity vs. stagnation

Answer

Integrity vs. despair

Question 55

The theory of selective optimization with compensation suggests that older adults:

Accepted Answer

Focus on maintaining specific abilities while adapting to declines in others

Answer

Are unable to compensate for age-related declines

Answer

Experience significant declines in all areas of functioning

Answer

Do not adapt to the challenges of aging

Question 56

According to the theory of disengagement, older adults:

Accepted Answer

Gradually withdraw from social activities as they age

Answer

Actively seek out new experiences and relationships

Answer

Maintain strong social connections throughout their lives

Answer

Experience a decline in social and emotional well-being

Question 57

What is the primary goal of gerontological rehabilitation?

Accepted Answer

To restore lost function and improve independence

Answer

To cure age-related diseases

Answer

To prevent the onset of aging

Answer

To prolong life expectancy

Question 58

Which physical change is a typical characteristic of adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in muscle mass

Answer

Increase in bone density

Answer

Improved cardiovascular health

Answer

Enhanced sensory perception

Question 59

Which of the following best describes cognitive development during adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Improvement in crystallized intelligence and decline in fluid intelligence

Answer

Decline in both fluid and crystallized intelligence

Answer

Peak performance in all cognitive abilities

Answer

Stabilization of cognitive abilities throughout adulthood

Question 60

Which social milestone is commonly associated with young adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Getting married

Answer

Graduating from high school

Answer

Having children

Answer

Retiring from work

Question 61

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, the primary challenge faced during middle adulthood is:

Accepted Answer

Generativity versus stagnation

Answer

Identity versus role confusion

Answer

Integrity versus despair

Answer

Autonomy versus shame and doubt

Question 62

Which of the following factors is not known to contribute to successful aging?

Accepted Answer

Having a negative outlook on life

Answer

Maintaining social connections

Answer

Engaging in regular physical activity

Answer

Adopting healthy eating habits

Question 63

The 'frailty index' specifically measures:

Accepted Answer

Physical vulnerability, weakness, and diminished physiological reserves in older adults.

Answer

Cognitive impairment in older adults.

Answer

Social isolation among older adults.

Answer

Psychological well-being in older adults.

Question 64

According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the primary developmental task of young adulthood is:

Accepted Answer

Establishing intimacy and meaningful relationships.

Answer

Developing a strong sense of self and identity.

Answer

Contributing to society and raising a family.

Answer

Reflecting on one's life and coming to terms with mortality.