Prenatal and Infancy Development: A Comprehensive Guide for Psychology Students

Question 1

Which of the following is a major risk factor for fetal alcohol syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Maternal alcohol consumption

Answer

Maternal smoking

Answer

Maternal drug use

Answer

Maternal age over 35

Question 2

At which stage of pregnancy does the embryo become a fetus?

Accepted Answer

Week 8

Answer

Week 4

Answer

Week 12

Answer

Week 16

Question 3

Which of the following is **not** a key cognitive milestone in infancy?

Accepted Answer

Conservation of volume

Answer

Stranger anxiety

Answer

Social referencing

Answer

Object permanence

Question 4

Which of the following is a technique used to improve sleep in infants that involves gradually increasing the time the infant is left to cry before being comforted?

Accepted Answer

Controlled crying

Answer

Swaddling

Answer

White noise

Answer

Co-sleeping

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a stage of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Infancy

Answer

Germinal Period

Answer

Embryonic Period

Answer

Fetal Period

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a stage of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Postnatal

Answer

Embryonic

Answer

Fetal

Answer

Germinal

Question 7

According to Piaget's theory, which cognitive characteristic is primarily observed during the sensorimotor stage of infant development?

Accepted Answer

Object permanence

Answer

Symbolic representation

Answer

Abstract thought

Answer

Memory recall

Question 8

Which of these neurochemicals plays a key role in facilitating social and emotional development in infants?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Endorphin

Question 9

What is the term for the innate ability of newborns to recognize human faces?

Accepted Answer

Face recognition

Answer

Social referencing

Answer

Visual acuity

Answer

Stranger anxiety

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of secure attachment in infants?

Accepted Answer

Excessive clinging

Answer

Trust in caregivers

Answer

Exploration of surroundings

Answer

Positive self-image

Question 11

What is the term for the automatic responses exhibited by infants?

Accepted Answer

Primitive reflexes

Answer

Conditioned responses

Answer

Learned behaviors

Answer

Habituation

Question 12

Which criticism of Bowlby's attachment theory focuses on its assumption that attachment patterns are consistent across cultures?

Accepted Answer

It fails to consider cultural variations

Answer

It overemphasizes the role of early experiences

Answer

It ignores the role of genetics

Answer

It assumes a universal pattern of attachment

Question 13

Which research method involves presenting infants with novel stimuli to assess their cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Habituation-dishabituation

Answer

Operant conditioning

Answer

Implicit memory testing

Answer

Classical conditioning

Question 14

Which cognitive milestone in infancy refers to the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight?

Accepted Answer

Object permanence

Answer

Stranger anxiety

Answer

Gross motor skills

Answer

Symbolic play

Question 15

In Piaget's theory, schemas are:

Accepted Answer

Mental structures that organize information

Answer

Unchangeable mental patterns

Answer

Observations that drive development

Answer

Developmental milestones that occur at specific ages

Question 16

Which stage of prenatal development follows the zygote stage?

Accepted Answer

Embryo

Answer

Fetus

Answer

Infant

Question 17

In which trimester do facial features develop?

Accepted Answer

Second

Answer

First

Answer

Third

Question 18

Which of Piaget's cognitive stages involves the ability to understand object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Concrete operational

Question 19

Which hormone triggers the onset of labor?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 20

Which type of attachment involves children who are secure and confident exploring their surroundings?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment

Answer

Insecure-avoidant attachment

Answer

Insecure-ambivalent attachment

Question 21

What is the primary function of the placenta?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of nutrients and oxygen between mother and fetus

Answer

Removal of waste products from the fetus

Answer

Protection of the fetus from infection

Question 22

Which factors influence a child's cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Both genetics and environment

Answer

Genetics

Answer

Environment

Question 23

Which theory explains that children learn through observing and imitating others?

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory

Answer

Cognitive development theory

Answer

Attachment theory

Question 24

Which milestone in physical development occurs before walking?

Accepted Answer

Crawling

Answer

Walking

Answer

Talking

Question 25

According to Piaget's theory, infants primarily learn through:

Accepted Answer

Experiential interactions

Answer

Verbal communication

Answer

Observational learning

Answer

Imitation

Question 26

Stranger anxiety is a key social milestone typically achieved during:

Accepted Answer

Infancy

Answer

Fetal period

Answer

Toddlerhood

Answer

Early childhood

Question 27

Which of the following prenatal factors can negatively affect fetal development?

Accepted Answer

Maternal smoking

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Sufficient nutrition

Answer

Prenatal vitamins

Question 28

Which of the following reflexes is typically present at birth and gradually diminishes during infancy?

Accepted Answer

Grasp reflex

Answer

Babinski reflex

Answer

Pupillary reflex

Answer

Startle reflex

Question 29

The development of attachment between an infant and their caregiver is primarily influenced by:

Accepted Answer

Consistency of care and sensitivity

Answer

Maternal warmth and affection

Answer

Genetic factors and infant temperament

Answer

Environmental and cultural factors

Question 30

The development of trust vs. mistrust is a key psychosocial task of:

Accepted Answer

Infancy

Answer

Toddlerhood

Answer

Early childhood

Answer

Middle childhood

Question 31

In Erik Erikson's theory, what is the main developmental challenge during infancy?

Accepted Answer

Building trust versus mistrust

Answer

Gaining autonomy versus feeling shame or doubt

Answer

Taking initiative versus experiencing guilt

Answer

Developing industry versus feeling inferior

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a stage of human prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Postnatal

Answer

Germinal

Answer

Embryonic

Answer

Fetal

Question 33

The process by which the embryo implants into the uterine wall is known as:

Accepted Answer

Implantation

Answer

Gestation

Answer

Parturition

Answer

Ovulation

Question 34

The theory that suggests that cognitive development occurs in a series of discontinuous stages is attributed to:

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget

Answer

Lev Vygotsky

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Erik Erikson

Question 35

The attachment style characterized by a child seeking comfort and support from a caregiver, even in the presence of strangers, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Secure

Answer

Avoidant

Answer

Ambivalent

Answer

Disorganized

Question 36

The ability of an infant to imitate actions observed in others is known as:

Accepted Answer

Imitation

Answer

Babinski reflex

Answer

Moro reflex

Answer

Rooting reflex

Question 37

Which of the following is the earliest stage of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Zygote

Answer

Embryonic

Answer

Fetal

Answer

Blastocyst

Question 38

Which of the following is not a stage of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Postnatal stage

Answer

Embryonic stage

Answer

Fetal stage

Answer

Zygote stage

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a recognized stage of human prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Neonate

Answer

Zygote

Answer

Embryo

Answer

Fetus

Question 40

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, during which stage do infants begin to develop object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Concrete operational

Answer

Formal operational

Question 41

Which characteristic is associated with secure attachment in infancy, as described by attachment theory?

Accepted Answer

Seeking comfort from caregivers when distressed

Answer

Avoiding familiar caregivers

Answer

Indiscriminate friendliness towards strangers

Answer

Excessive crying and clinging

Question 42

Which neuroimaging technique is commonly employed to study brain development in infants, providing detailed images of brain structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer

X-ray tomography

Question 43

Which factor has been scientifically established as having a significant influence on prenatal development and fetal well-being?

Accepted Answer

Maternal nutrition

Answer

Paternal age

Answer

Peer pressure

Answer

Social media usage

Question 44

How do cultural factors impact infant feeding practices and nutritional outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Cultural beliefs and traditions influence infant feeding practices.

Answer

Cultural factors have no effect on infant feeding practices.

Answer

Cultural factors only affect feeding practices in developing countries.

Answer

Cultural factors are more significant than biological factors in determining infant feeding practices.

Question 45

Which of these is NOT a stage of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Toddlerhood

Answer

Embryonic

Answer

Germinal

Answer

Fetal

Question 46

According to Piaget, which ability develops during the sensorimotor stage?

Accepted Answer

Object permanence

Answer

Symbolic thinking

Answer

Conservation

Answer

Egocentrism

Question 47

What is the main purpose of newborn reflexes?

Accepted Answer

To help the baby survive and adapt to their environment

Answer

To develop cognitive skills

Answer

To facilitate language acquisition

Answer

To establish social bonds

Question 48

What is a common challenge faced by premature babies?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty regulating their body temperature

Answer

Rapid physical growth

Answer

Advanced language skills

Answer

Enhanced social skills

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a stage of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Childhood

Answer

Fetal

Answer

Germinal

Answer

Embryonic

Question 50

According to Piaget, what are infants in the sensorimotor stage mainly focused on?

Accepted Answer

Learning about the world through their senses and actions

Answer

Understanding abstract concepts

Answer

Developing language and social skills

Question 51

What is the most common attachment style in infants?

Accepted Answer

Secure

Answer

Ambivalent

Answer

Avoidant

Answer

Disorganized

Question 52

The process by which infants learn to imitate the actions and sounds of others is known as:

Accepted Answer

Imitation

Answer

Attachment

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Accommodation

Question 53

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the primary task of infancy is:

Accepted Answer

Establishing a sense of trust

Answer

Forming intimate relationships

Answer

Achieving a sense of identity

Answer

Developing a sense of autonomy

Question 54

The study of infant behavior and development is known as:

Accepted Answer

Infancy research

Answer

Cognitive science

Answer

Child psychology

Answer

Developmental psychology

Question 55

Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developmental delays in infants?

Accepted Answer

Premature birth

Answer

High birth weight

Answer

Adequate nutrition

Answer

Positive home environment