Genetics and Heredity: Learn the Science of Inheritance

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Guanine

Answer

Cytosine

Question 2

What is the fundamental unit of heredity that passes on genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Nucleotide

Answer

Cell

Question 3

Who is credited with developing the principles of heredity that form the foundation of genetics?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Francis Crick

Question 4

In Punnett square calculations, what is the probability that a heterozygous individual will pass on a dominant allele to their offspring?

Accepted Answer

50%

Answer

25%

Answer

75%

Answer

100%

Question 5

Which component is not found in the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Answer

Phosphate

Answer

Sugar

Answer

Nitrogenous base

Question 6

What is the process by which DNA creates an identical copy of itself?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Mutation

Question 7

What is the name of the international project that successfully sequenced the entire human genome?

Accepted Answer

The Human Genome Project

Answer

The Manhattan Project

Answer

The Apollo Program

Answer

The International Space Station

Question 8

Which of these is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Guanine

Answer

Cytosine

Question 9

What is the specific process by which DNA produces copies of itself?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Mutation

Question 10

What is the term used to describe a gene that is located on either the X or Y chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Sex-linked

Answer

Autosomal

Answer

Recessive

Answer

Dominant

Question 11

Which characteristic is unique to dominant alleles?

Accepted Answer

They are always expressed.

Answer

They are masked by recessive alleles.

Answer

They affect only homozygous individuals.

Answer

They are located on the X chromosome.

Question 12

Which technology is commonly used to analyze genetic material?

Accepted Answer

PCR

Answer

MRI

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

X-ray

Question 13

Which of the following is the fundamental particle that carries genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Gene

Answer

Allele

Question 14

What term describes the alternative forms of a gene that code for variations of a specific trait?

Accepted Answer

Allele

Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Genotype

Answer

Locus

Question 15

Which genetic condition is characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Hemophilia

Question 16

What is the process by which parents transfer half of their genetic material to their offspring?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Fertilization

Answer

Mutation

Question 17

The physical expression of a genetic trait is called its:

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Genotype

Answer

Allele

Answer

Locus

Question 18

Which of the following is not considered a genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Sickle cell anaemia

Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Haemophilia

Question 19

The process by which DNA makes copies of itself is known as:

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Mutation

Question 20

A change in the DNA sequence is called a:

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Answer

Variation

Answer

Adaptation

Answer

Evolution

Question 21

Which genetic tool is used to separate DNA fragments?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

PCR

Answer

DNA microarray

Answer

Genetic sequencing

Question 22

The process by which genetic information from DNA is used to make proteins is called:

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Question 23

In individuals carrying different alleles for a gene (heterozygous), which allele will show its effect?

Accepted Answer

Dominant

Answer

Recessive

Answer

Both dominant and recessive

Answer

Neither dominant nor recessive

Question 24

What is the probability of inheriting two recessive alleles from a parent carrying both dominant and recessive alleles (heterozygous)?

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

0%

Answer

50%

Answer

100%

Question 25

What is the function of mRNA in cells?

Accepted Answer

Transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

Answer

Stores genetic information in the nucleus

Answer

Translates genetic information into proteins

Answer

Replicates DNA

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of a genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Broken leg

Answer

Headache

Answer

Hayfever

Question 27

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to observable characteristics.

Answer

Phenotype is the genetic makeup, while genotype refers to observable characteristics.

Answer

Genotype and phenotype are identical concepts.

Answer

Phenotype is the physical appearance, while genotype is the personality.

Question 28

Who is known as the 'Father of Genetics'?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Rosalind Franklin

Question 29

What is the term for the process by which DNA makes an identical copy of itself?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Mutation

Question 30

How do transcription factors control gene expression? Provide an example.

Accepted Answer

Transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences and attract RNA polymerase to start transcription.

Answer

Transcription factors change histones to make DNA less available to RNA polymerase.

Answer

Transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences and prevent RNA polymerase from transcribing the gene.

Question 31

The number of chromosomes in a human body cell is:

Accepted Answer

46

Answer

23

Answer

92

Answer

184

Question 32

What is the shape of a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Double helix

Answer

Straight

Answer

Circular

Answer

Triple helix

Question 33

What is the probability of a child inheriting a recessive trait from two heterozygous parents?

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

0%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Question 34

Which of the following technologies is used to identify and diagnose genetic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Genetic testing

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

Biopsy

Question 35

The basic unit of heredity is called a:

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Nucleotide

Answer

Protein

Question 36

Who is regarded as the 'Father of Genetics' for his work on inheritance in pea plants?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

Francis Crick

Question 37

Which of these traits is determined by a dominant allele in humans?

Accepted Answer

Brown eyes

Answer

Blue eyes

Answer

Tallness

Answer

Shortness

Question 38

If a pea plant with purple flowers (PP) is crossed with a plant with white flowers (pp), what is the probability that their offspring will have purple flowers?

Accepted Answer

100%

Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Thymine

Answer

Cytosine

Question 40

Which of these diseases is caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Huntington's disease

Answer

Sickle cell anaemia

Answer

Down syndrome

Question 41

The process by which DNA is copied into RNA is called:

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Question 42

Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Centrifugation

Answer

PCR

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 43

What is the fundamental unit of heredity?

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cell

Question 44

Who is widely recognized as the 'Father of Genetics'?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Francis Crick

Question 45

Which of the given options is NOT one of Gregor Mendel's laws of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Law of Probability

Answer

Law of Segregation

Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer

Law of Dominance

Question 46

Identify the molecule responsible for carrying genetic information.

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

Protein

Answer

Carbohydrate

Answer

Lipid

Question 47

What is the shape of a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Double helix

Answer

Single helix

Answer

Circular

Answer

Linear

Question 48

Which of the following conditions is an example of a genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Cancer

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Malaria

Question 49

What is the term used to describe a change in the DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Answer

Epigenetics

Answer

Polymorphism

Answer

Allele