Hypothesis Testing Quizzes: Test Your Understanding

Question 1

Which of the following sampling methods ensures that every member of the population has an equal opportunity to be selected?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Answer

Convenience sampling

Answer

Quota sampling

Question 2

Which of the following statements about p-values is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A low p-value implies that the null hypothesis should be rejected.

Answer

A high p-value conclusively proves that the null hypothesis is true.

Answer

A p-value of 0.05 always indicates a statistically significant result.

Answer

The p-value is the probability of making a type II error.

Question 3

A research team wants to test the hypothesis that the average height of 16-year-olds in the UK is higher than 170 cm. Which of the following is the corresponding alternative hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

μ > 170

Answer

μ = 170

Answer

μ < 170

Answer

μ ≤ 170

Question 4

To evaluate the manufacturing firm's hypothesis, describe the steps involved in hypothesis testing.

Accepted Answer

State the null and alternative hypotheses, collect data, calculate the p-value, and make a decision.

Answer

Collect data and make a decision only.

Answer

State the null and alternative hypotheses only.

Answer

Calculate the p-value only.

Question 5

In hypothesis testing with large samples, which assumption is NOT required?

Accepted Answer

The population is normally distributed.

Answer

The sample is random.

Answer

The sample size is large enough.

Question 6

In hypothesis testing, what does a p-value of 0.05 indicate?

Accepted Answer

There's a 5% chance the observed data would occur if the null hypothesis were true.

Answer

The likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis when it's true is 0.05.

Answer

The null hypothesis is rejected with 95% confidence.

Answer

The evidence against the null hypothesis is conclusive.

Question 7

Which of the following is a **limitation** of hypothesis testing compared to confidence intervals?

Accepted Answer

It does not provide a measure of the strength of evidence.

Answer

It provides a clear decision rule.

Answer

It can test for specific differences.

Answer

It requires a smaller sample size.

Question 8

What is the purpose of a null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

To assume that there is no effect

Answer

To state the research question

Answer

To make a prediction about the outcome

Answer

To test the alternative hypothesis

Question 9

Which of the following p-values would lead to a rejection of the null hypothesis at a 5% significance level?

Accepted Answer

0.01

Answer

0.05

Answer

0.10

Answer

0.20

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct format for stating a null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

H0: μ = 5

Answer

H0: μ > 5

Answer

H0: μ ≠ 5

Answer

H0: μ < 5

Question 11

A researcher claims that the average height of students in a school is greater than 170 cm. What is the appropriate alternative hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

H1: μ > 170

Answer

H1: μ = 170

Answer

H1: μ < 170

Answer

H1: μ ≠ 170

Question 12

Which of the following statements about type I errors is true?

Accepted Answer

They occur when we reject a true null hypothesis

Answer

They are more likely when the significance level is high

Answer

They are always avoidable

Answer

They are less serious than type II errors

Question 13

A researcher wants to test the claim that the proportion of students who own a smartphone is greater than 0.5. Which statistical distribution is appropriate for this test?

Accepted Answer

Binomial distribution

Answer

Normal distribution

Answer

Student's t-distribution

Answer

Chi-squared distribution

Question 14

Which step initiates the process of hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

Formulating a null hypothesis

Answer

Collecting data

Answer

Calculating the p-value

Answer

Establishing the significance level

Question 15

What is the primary purpose of a null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

To provide a reference point for comparison

Answer

To represent the researcher's hypothesis

Answer

To disprove the alternative hypothesis

Answer

To confirm the alternative hypothesis

Question 16

Which level of significance is uncommon in hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

0.20

Answer

0.01

Answer

0.05

Answer

0.10

Question 17

If the p-value is lower than the significance level, what conclusion can be drawn?

Accepted Answer

Reject the null hypothesis

Answer

Reject the alternative hypothesis

Answer

Accept the null hypothesis

Answer

Accept the alternative hypothesis

Question 18

Which type of error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected despite being true?

Accepted Answer

Type I error

Answer

Type II error

Answer

Alpha error

Answer

Beta error

Question 19

What is the key distinction between a confidence interval and a hypothesis test?

Accepted Answer

A confidence interval estimates a range of values, while a hypothesis test makes a decision about a specific value.

Answer

A hypothesis test estimates a range of values, while a confidence interval makes a decision about a specific value.

Answer

Both a confidence interval and a hypothesis test make decisions about specific values.

Answer

Both a confidence interval and a hypothesis test estimate ranges of values.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a component of hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

Confidence interval

Answer

Null hypothesis

Answer

Alternative hypothesis

Answer

Significance level

Question 21

When do you reject the null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

When the p-value is less than the significance level

Answer

When the p-value is greater than the significance level

Answer

When the alternative hypothesis is more plausible

Answer

When the sample size is large

Question 22

What is a Type I error?

Accepted Answer

Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

Answer

Accepting the null hypothesis when it is false

Answer

Failing to reject the alternative hypothesis

Answer

Accepting the alternative hypothesis

Question 23

What is the main purpose of a confidence interval?

Accepted Answer

To estimate a population parameter

Answer

To test the significance of a difference between two means

Answer

To calculate the p-value

Answer

To determine the sample size

Question 24

Which factor does NOT affect the width of a confidence interval?

Accepted Answer

Shape of the sampling distribution

Answer

Sample size

Answer

Significance level

Answer

Population standard deviation

Question 25

What is the difference between a one-tailed and a two-tailed test?

Accepted Answer

A one-tailed test considers only one direction of difference, while a two-tailed test considers both.

Answer

A two-tailed test considers only one direction of difference, while a one-tailed test considers both.

Answer

A one-tailed test always has a higher significance level than a two-tailed test.

Answer

A two-tailed test always has a higher significance level than a one-tailed test.

Question 26

When do you typically use a non-parametric test?

Accepted Answer

When the data is not normally distributed

Answer

When the sample size is large

Answer

When the population variance is known

Answer

When the data is qualitative

Question 27

Which of the following is the correct null hypothesis for testing if the mean weight of students in a school is less than 65 kg?

Accepted Answer

The mean weight of students in the school is equal to or greater than 65 kg.

Answer

The mean weight of students in the school is equal to 65 kg.

Answer

The mean weight of students in the school is greater than 65 kg.

Answer

The mean weight of students in the school is not equal to 65 kg.

Question 28

What is the level of significance commonly used in hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

0.05

Answer

0.01

Answer

0.001

Answer

0.1

Question 29

If the calculated test statistic is greater than the critical value, we:

Accepted Answer

Reject the null hypothesis

Answer

Fail to reject the null hypothesis

Answer

Increase the significance level

Answer

Decrease the sample size

Question 30

Which of the following could be a Type I error in a hypothesis test?

Accepted Answer

Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

Answer

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false

Answer

Calculating the p-value incorrectly

Answer

Using an inappropriate statistical test

Question 31

What is the primary purpose of hypothesis testing in statistical inference?

Accepted Answer

To provide evidence for or against a hypothesis

Answer

To prove a hypothesis to be true

Answer

To predict future events

Answer

To explore relationships between variables

Question 32

A hypothesis test is considered one-tailed if:

Accepted Answer

The alternative hypothesis specifies a direction for the difference

Answer

The null hypothesis specifies a direction for the difference

Answer

The critical value is one-sided

Answer

The test statistic is one-sided

Question 33

Which statement represents a null hypothesis in hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

The mean weight of apples is not equal to 100 grams.

Answer

The mean weight of apples is greater than 100 grams.

Answer

The mean weight of apples is less than 100 grams.

Question 34

When performing a two-tailed test, how is the significance level adjusted?

Accepted Answer

Divided by 2

Answer

Multiplied by 2

Answer

Kept the same

Question 35

What is the primary difference between a one-tailed and a two-tailed test?

Accepted Answer

The direction of the alternative hypothesis being tested.

Answer

The number of samples used in the study.

Answer

The level of significance used in the analysis.

Question 36

In which scenario is it appropriate to conduct a one-sample t-test?

Accepted Answer

Comparing the mean of a sample to a known population mean.

Answer

Comparing the means of two independent samples.

Answer

Comparing the means of two paired samples.

Question 37

What is the formula to calculate the standard error of the mean?

Accepted Answer

s / √n

Answer

σ² / √n

Answer

n / s<sup>2</sup>

Question 38

How do Type I and Type II errors differ?

Accepted Answer

Type I error: rejecting H0 when it's true; Type II error: failing to reject H0 when it's false

Answer

Type I error: failing to reject H0 when it's true; Type II error: rejecting H0 when it's false

Answer

Type I error: accepting H0 when it's false; Type II error: rejecting the alternative hypothesis when it's true

Answer

There is no difference between Type I and Type II errors

Question 39

What is the power of a hypothesis test?

Accepted Answer

The likelihood of rejecting H0 when it's false

Answer

The likelihood of failing to reject H0 when it's true

Answer

The probability of making a correct decision

Answer

The probability of making an incorrect decision

Question 40

In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis is the statement that:

Accepted Answer

There is no difference between the two groups being compared

Answer

There is a difference between the two groups being compared

Answer

The probability of rejecting the hypothesis is less than 5%

Answer

The probability of accepting the hypothesis is greater than 95%

Question 41

What is the significance level in hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

Answer

The probability of accepting the alternative hypothesis when it is false

Answer

The probability of concluding that there is a significant difference between the sample and the population

Answer

The probability of making the correct decision

Question 42

One-tailed hypothesis tests are used to test:

Accepted Answer

If the sample mean is significantly different from a given value

Answer

If there is a significant difference between two sample means

Answer

If there is a significant correlation between two variables

Answer

If the population mean is significantly different from zero

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a possible dependent variable in a hypothesis test?

Accepted Answer

Eye color

Answer

Number of people who pass a test

Answer

Average test score

Answer

Percentage of people who vote for a particular candidate

Question 44

Randomization in hypothesis testing helps to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce bias and increase the validity of the results

Answer

Make the sample more representative of the population

Answer

Make the data easier to analyze

Answer

Increase the likelihood of finding a statistically significant result

Question 45

Which of the following is the correct format for a null hypothesis for a one-sample mean test?

Accepted Answer

H0: μ = μ0

Answer

H0: μ ≠ μ0

Answer

H0: μ > μ0

Answer

H0: μ < μ0

Question 46

Which of the following is a Type I error in hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

Answer

Accepting the null hypothesis when it is false

Answer

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false

Answer

Accepting the alternative hypothesis when it is false

Question 47

Which of the following is a non-parametric test?

Accepted Answer

Chi-squared test

Answer

Student's t-test

Answer

Pearson's correlation coefficient

Answer

Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Question 48

What is the purpose of a power analysis?

Accepted Answer

To determine the minimum sample size needed to achieve a desired level of power

Answer

To calculate the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

Answer

To determine the statistical significance of a result

Answer

To estimate the effect size of a study

Question 49

When stating a null hypothesis, which format is correct?

Accepted Answer

H0: μ = 10

Answer

H1: μ ≠ 10

Answer

H0: μ > 10

Answer

H1: μ < 10

Question 50

What is the primary purpose of a p-value?

Accepted Answer

To determine the probability of observing the data assuming the null hypothesis is true

Answer

To determine the significance level of a test

Answer

To determine the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis if false

Answer

To determine the sample size required for a test

Question 51

Which sampling method is most likely to produce biased results?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling

Answer

Simple random sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Answer

Cluster sampling