Muscular System: Structure, Function, and Impact on Performance

Question 1

Which of the following is the structural and functional unit of a muscle?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Answer

Actin filament

Answer

Myosin filament

Answer

Myofibril

Question 2

What type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens?

Accepted Answer

Eccentric

Answer

Isometric

Answer

Concentric

Answer

Isokinetic

Question 3

Which of the following fiber types is known for its fast twitch and high power output?

Accepted Answer

Type IIx

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type III

Question 4

What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Storage of calcium ions

Answer

Production of ATP

Answer

Regulation of muscle contraction

Answer

Synthesis of proteins

Question 5

Which of the following adaptations to exercise results in an increase in muscle size?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Atrophy

Answer

Increased innervation

Answer

Improved blood supply

Question 6

What is the role of the motor neuron in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Transmits electrical signals to the muscle

Answer

Regulates muscle metabolism

Answer

Provides structural support to the muscle

Answer

Stores energy for muscle contraction

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Digestion

Answer

Movement

Answer

Posture

Answer

Heat production

Question 8

What is the energy source primarily utilized for short-term, high-intensity exercise?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Fatty acids

Answer

Protein

Question 9

What is the primary neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 10

Which type of muscle fibers is primarily responsible for rapid, forceful movements and have a low endurance capacity?

Accepted Answer

Type IIx fibers

Answer

Type I fibers

Answer

Type IIa fibers

Answer

Type III fibers

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the muscular system?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient digestion

Answer

Movement

Answer

Heat production

Answer

Posture

Question 12

In the process of muscle contraction, which ion plays a crucial role in initiating the release of energy (ATP)?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Potassium

Answer

Magnesium

Question 13

What is the role of a motor unit in muscle function?

Accepted Answer

To control the contraction of a group of muscle fibers

Answer

To control the contraction of a single muscle fiber

Answer

To provide sensory information to the brain

Answer

To store energy for muscle contractions

Question 14

Which component of a muscle is the smallest, functional unit responsible for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Answer

Myofibril

Answer

Muscle fiber

Answer

Tendon

Question 15

Which type of muscle contraction causes a muscle to shorten while generating force?

Accepted Answer

Concentric

Answer

Isometric

Answer

Isokinetic

Answer

Eccentric

Question 16

Slow-twitch muscle fibers are characterized by:

Accepted Answer

High endurance

Answer

High force output

Answer

Rapid fatigue

Answer

Large diameter

Question 17

During high-intensity exercise, which macronutrient serves as the primary energy source for muscles?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Fats

Answer

Protein

Answer

Water

Question 18

Resistance training primarily results in:

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophy of muscle fibers

Answer

Increased capillary density

Answer

Reduced muscle glycogen stores

Answer

Increased resting heart rate

Question 19

The nervous system plays a crucial role in muscle contraction by:

Accepted Answer

Stimulating muscle fibers to contract

Answer

Providing energy for muscle contraction

Answer

Regulating blood flow to muscles

Answer

Removing lactic acid from muscles

Question 20

For optimal muscle recovery, what is the recommended daily protein intake per kilogram of body weight?

Accepted Answer

1.2-1.7 g

Answer

0.5-1.0 g

Answer

1.8-2.5 g

Answer

2.6-3.0 g

Question 21

The process by which muscles increase in size and strength is known as:

Accepted Answer

Anabolism

Answer

Catabolism

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Respiration

Question 22

Which type of muscle contraction leads to the shortening of muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Concentric

Answer

Isometric

Answer

Eccentric

Answer

Auxotonic

Question 23

Which muscle tissue type is involuntary and present in the walls of internal organs?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Skeletal muscle

Answer

Cardiac muscle

Answer

Voluntary muscle

Question 24

The sliding filament theory explains the mechanism of muscle contraction based on the movement of which proteins?

Accepted Answer

Actin and myosin

Answer

Tropomyosin and troponin

Answer

Sarcomeres and myofibrils

Answer

Neurotransmitters and hormones

Question 25

Which neurotransmitter plays a primary role in triggering muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Endorphins

Question 26

During short-duration, high-intensity exercise, muscles primarily utilize which energy source?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Fatty acids

Question 27

Which type of muscle injury involves a complete tear in the muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Rupture

Answer

Strain

Answer

Sprain

Answer

Contusion

Question 28

Muscle repair involves the formation of new muscle tissue primarily from

Accepted Answer

Myoblasts

Answer

Stem cells

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Chondrocytes

Question 29

Which muscle is responsible for flexing the elbow joint, allowing you to bend your arm?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Answer

Triceps brachii

Answer

Brachialis

Answer

Anconeus

Question 30

Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved in initiating muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Noradrenaline

Question 31

Which of the following techniques is commonly used to increase muscle mass?

Accepted Answer

Progressive overload

Answer

Isometric exercises

Answer

Plyometrics

Answer

Yoga

Question 32

Which type of muscle contraction shortens muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Concentric

Answer

Isometric

Answer

Eccentric

Answer

Isokinetic

Question 33

Which muscle fiber type is best suited for endurance activities?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type IIx

Answer

Type III

Question 34

What is the primary role of the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Generating force for muscle contraction

Answer

Regulating calcium release

Answer

Storing energy for muscle movement

Answer

Providing structural support for muscle fibers

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a function of muscles?

Accepted Answer

Sensory perception

Answer

Movement

Answer

Heat production

Answer

Oxygen transport

Question 36

How do calcium ions facilitate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Binding to troponin to expose myosin binding sites

Answer

Triggering muscle fiber depolarization

Answer

Activating ATPase for energy production

Answer

Inhibiting muscle relaxation

Question 37

Which type of muscle fibres are primarily used for prolonged endurance activities?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type IIb

Answer

Type IIx

Question 38

What is the mechanism responsible for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Sliding filament theory

Answer

Sarcomere shortening

Answer

Myosin binding to actin

Answer

Action potential transmission

Question 39

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 40

What type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens under tension?

Accepted Answer

Eccentric

Answer

Concentric

Answer

Isometric

Answer

Isokinetic

Question 41

Which type of muscle adaptation involves an increase in muscle size?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Atrophy

Answer

Fibrosis

Question 42

Which function does NOT belong to the muscular system?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen transport

Answer

Movement

Answer

Stability

Answer

Temperature regulation

Question 43

Which muscle is the largest in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Gluteus maximus

Answer

Biceps

Answer

Quadriceps

Answer

Trapezius

Question 44

Which of the following is the primary function of the muscular system?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate movement and maintain posture

Answer

To protect the body from infection

Answer

To produce hormones

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Question 45

Which type of muscle contraction occurs when a muscle shortens without changing its length?

Accepted Answer

Isometric

Answer

Eccentric

Answer

Plyometric

Answer

Concentric

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a function of slow-twitch muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

High force production

Answer

Efficiency in oxygen utilization

Answer

Sustained contractions

Answer

Fatigue resistance

Question 47

Which adaptation occurs in muscles subjected to endurance training, allowing for increased oxygen and nutrient supply to muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Increased capillary density

Answer

Reduced muscle soreness

Answer

Enhanced power output

Answer

Increased muscle mass

Question 48

What is the primary function of the Golgi tendon organ?

Accepted Answer

To detect excessive muscle tension and protect the muscle from damage

Answer

To initiate muscle contraction

Answer

To regulate blood flow to the muscle

Answer

To control muscle length

Question 49

Which of the following is a type of muscular dystrophy, a genetic disorder that affects muscle function?

Accepted Answer

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Question 50

Which of the following exercises primarily involves isometric muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Plank

Answer

Bicep curl

Answer

Treadmill running

Answer

Cycling