Cells and Life: Interactive Quizzes for Year 10 Science

Question 1

Why is cell differentiation important for the development of multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

It allows cells to specialize and perform specific tasks.

Answer

It helps organisms grow larger.

Answer

It only happens during embryonic development.

Answer

It is not necessary for survival.

Question 2

What is the structure and function of lysosomes, and how do they contribute to intracellular digestion?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes that break down cellular waste and foreign materials for recycling.

Answer

Lysosomes are small, non-membrane-bound structures that contain a variety of enzymes involved in cellular signalling.

Answer

Lysosomes are large, membrane-bound vesicles that contain chloroplasts and are responsible for photosynthesis.

Answer

Lysosomes are responsible for cell division and the synthesis of new cellular components.

Question 3

Explain cytokinesis and describe how it differs between plant and animal cells.

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm into two cells. Animal cells use a cleavage furrow, while plant cells form a cell plate.

Answer

Cytokinesis only occurs in plant cells. Animal cells simply split their cytoplasm.

Answer

Cytokinesis divides the chromosomes into two cells. Animal cells use mitosis, while plant cells undergo meiosis.

Question 4

What is a primary function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell.

Answer

Stores the cell's DNA.

Answer

Generates energy for the cell.

Question 5

In passive transport, molecules move across the cell membrane without energy input. Which of these describes how molecules move during passive transport?

Accepted Answer

From high concentration to low concentration

Answer

From low concentration to high concentration

Answer

With the help of carrier proteins

Answer

Against a concentration gradient

Question 6

How does the surface area to volume ratio of a cell influence its ability to exchange materials and carry out essential functions?

Accepted Answer

A larger surface area to volume ratio allows for more efficient material exchange due to an increased surface area for exchange.

Answer

A smaller surface area to volume ratio improves material exchange efficiency due to the shorter distance materials must travel.

Answer

The surface area to volume ratio has no effect on a cell's ability to exchange materials.

Answer

The surface area to volume ratio only affects a cell's ability to perform vital functions, not material exchange.

Question 7

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in protein processing and secretion?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles for secretion

Answer

Breaks down and recycles cellular waste products

Answer

Generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration

Answer

Controls protein synthesis and cell division

Question 8

In eukaryotic cells, DNA is organized into specific structures called chromosomes. Explain how this organization, including the roles of histones, contributes to the regulation of gene expression.

Accepted Answer

DNA is packaged into nucleosomes, then coiled into chromosomes. Histones modify chromatin structure to regulate gene expression.

Answer

DNA is dispersed throughout the nucleus, with histones only present during cell division.

Answer

Chromosomes consist of DNA and histones, but their organization does not affect gene expression.

Answer

DNA is coiled around proteins called nucleosomes, but histones are not involved in gene expression.

Question 9

What is the largest organelle in an animal cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

Where does protein synthesis occur in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 11

What do enzymes do in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Increase the reaction rate

Answer

Provide energy for the reaction

Answer

Change the products of the reaction

Answer

Start the reaction

Question 12

Which factor does NOT affect the rate of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Direction of magnetic field

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Concentration gradient

Answer

Particle size

Question 13

What is the main energy source for plants?

Accepted Answer

Sunlight

Answer

Water

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Oxygen

Question 14

Which structure is responsible for providing structural support and protection to a plant cell?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Nucleus

Question 15

What is the primary role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Storage of genetic material

Question 16

Which type of cell division is responsible for producing gametes (sex cells)?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 17

Which level of organization represents the highest level of complexity in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Organism

Answer

Cell

Answer

Tissue

Answer

Organ

Question 18

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage and modification of proteins and lipids

Answer

Synthesis of lipids

Answer

Breakdown of carbohydrates

Answer

Energy production

Question 19

What is the name of the thin, selectively permeable barrier that surrounds a cell?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Nucleus

Question 20

Which cell structure is responsible for protein production?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Vacuoles

Question 21

What is the process by which cells divide to create new cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Respiration

Question 22

Which type of tissue lines the inner surface of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Answer

Muscle tissue

Answer

Nervous tissue

Answer

Connective tissue

Question 23

What is the process by which plants use sunlight to create energy called?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Digestion

Answer

Excretion

Question 24

Which characteristic is NOT unique to living cells?

Accepted Answer

Inorganic composition

Answer

Reproduction

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Growth

Question 25

Which process results in two genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 26

What organelle synthesises proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Nucleus

Question 27

What term describes the organised cooperation of cells, tissues, and organs?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Excretion

Answer

Reproduction

Question 28

In which organ system does gas exchange occur?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory system

Answer

Digestive system

Answer

Circulatory system

Answer

Nervous system

Question 29

Which process describes an organism's ability to maintain a stable internal environment?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Excretion

Question 30

What is a key feature of stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Undifferentiated

Answer

Specialised

Answer

Short-lived

Answer

Found in all tissues

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Carries out cellular respiration

Answer

Regulates the movement of substances across the membrane

Answer

Provides shape and support to the cell

Answer

Communicates with other cells

Question 32

Which membrane-bound organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Question 33

What type of cell division results in the production of egg and sperm cells?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Binary fission

Question 34

Which of the following is the smallest living unit?

Accepted Answer

Cell

Answer

Atom

Answer

Molecule

Answer

Tissue

Question 35

What is the name of the outermost layer of most plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Nucleus

Question 36

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Question 37

Which organ system is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Circulatory system

Answer

Respiratory system

Answer

Digestive system

Answer

Musculoskeletal system

Question 38

Which of the following is the fundamental building block of life, the smallest unit that exhibits all characteristics of life?

Accepted Answer

Cell

Answer

Atom

Answer

Tissue

Answer

Molecule

Question 39

The selectively permeable barrier that separates the cell interior from the external environment is called the:

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Nucleus

Question 40

Identify the organelle responsible for constructing proteins:

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 41

Which type of cell division results in two genetically identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 42

Plant cells are distinguished from animal cells by the presence of:

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 43

In plants, the tissue primarily responsible for transporting water and dissolved nutrients is:

Accepted Answer

Xylem

Answer

Parenchyma

Answer

Collenchyma

Answer

Sclerenchyma

Question 44

The organ system specializing in gas exchange, facilitating oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal, is the:

Accepted Answer

Respiratory system

Answer

Circulatory system

Answer

Digestive system

Answer

Excretory system

Question 45

What is the term for the process by which new cells are formed from existing ones?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Differentiation

Answer

Osmosis

Question 46

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis and is found in both plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 47

Which of the following is the correct sequence of cell organisation, from the smallest to the largest unit?

Accepted Answer

Organelle → Tissue → Organ → Organ system

Answer

Organelle → Organ system → Tissue → Organ

Answer

Organ → Organelle → Tissue → Organ system

Answer

Tissue → Organ → Organelle → Organ system

Question 48

What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate modification and packaging

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Waste removal

Question 49

What is the significance of the nucleus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Houses the cell's genetic material and controls its activities

Answer

Controls cell division and growth

Answer

Produces energy for the cell

Answer

Provides structural support and protection

Question 50

Which of the following is a key difference between plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a cell wall, while animal cells do not

Answer

Animal cells have a larger nucleus than plant cells

Answer

Plant cells have more mitochondria than animal cells

Answer

Animal cells have more chloroplasts than plant cells

Question 51

What is the primary function of enzymes in cells?

Accepted Answer

To speed up chemical reactions

Answer

To break down large molecules into smaller ones

Answer

To transport substances across the cell membrane

Answer

To repair damaged cells

Question 52

What is the fundamental unit of life?

Accepted Answer

Cell

Answer

Atom

Answer

Tissue

Answer

Organ

Question 53

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Chloroplast

Question 54

What is the role of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Provides support and protection

Answer

Facilitates cell communication

Answer

Allows for cell movement

Answer

Regulates cell metabolism

Question 55

What is the main function of ribosomes in cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesize proteins using genetic information

Answer

Produce energy through respiration

Answer

Remove waste from the cell

Question 56

Which statement contradicts the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Cells can spontaneously arise from non-living matter.

Answer

Living organisms are made up of one or more cells.

Answer

Cells are the fundamental units of life.

Question 57

The process by which cells divide into two identical daughter cells is known as:

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Karyokinesis

Question 58

Which organelle is responsible for carrying out protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Nucleus

Question 59

The fundamental unit of life that makes up all living organisms is the:

Accepted Answer

Cell

Answer

Atom

Answer

Molecule

Answer

Tissue

Question 60

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound nucleus

Answer

Absence of membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Presence of ribosomes

Answer

Presence of a cell wall

Question 61

Diffusion is the movement of particles:

Accepted Answer

From an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Answer

From an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Answer

From an area of equal concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer

From an area of equal concentration to an area of higher concentration

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a type of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Connective

Answer

Squamous

Answer

Cuboidal

Answer

Columnar

Question 63

The muscle tissue responsible for voluntary movement is:

Accepted Answer

Skeletal

Answer

Smooth

Answer

Cardiac

Answer

Connective

Question 64

The process by which plants produce food using light energy is called:

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Krebs cycle