Justice in Eastern Philosophy: Explore the Nature and Theories of Justice

Question 1

Which principle is central to Restorative Justice?

Accepted Answer

Involving victims and offenders in the justice process

Answer

Retribution as the main aim of the justice system

Answer

Punishment to prevent future crimes

Question 2

In Confucian ethics, which approach is considered essential for achieving justice?

Accepted Answer

Developing good qualities and building harmonious relationships in society

Answer

Punishing those who do wrong as the main way to keep order

Answer

Creating and strictly following a complete set of laws

Question 3

Which feature is generally not associated with Eastern views of justice?

Accepted Answer

Prioritizing individual rights

Answer

Emphasis on societal harmony

Answer

Acknowledging the interconnectedness of all beings

Answer

Significance of forgiveness and reconciliation

Question 4

According to Mozi's philosophy, which fundamental principle is essential for achieving a just society?

Accepted Answer

Universal Love and Mutual Respect

Answer

Punitive Retribution

Answer

Self-Serving Individualism

Answer

Strict Obedience to Authority

Question 5

Which of the following Confucian virtues emphasizes the importance of social order and the proper fulfillment of one's role in society?

Accepted Answer

Li (Propriety)

Answer

Yi (Righteousness)

Answer

Zhi (Wisdom)

Answer

Ren (Benevolence)

Question 6

According to Taoist philosophy, which ideal state of being emphasizes living in harmony with the natural flow of the universe?

Accepted Answer

Wu Wei (Non-Action)

Answer

Yin-Yang (Balance of Opposites)

Answer

Te (Virtue)

Answer

Jian (Simplicity)

Question 7

Which aspect is NOT typically considered a key feature of retributive justice?

Accepted Answer

Rehabilitation and Restoration

Answer

Deterrence of Crime

Answer

Proportionality of Punishment

Answer

Imposition of Punishment

Question 8

Which principle of justice emphasizes the fair and equitable distribution of societal benefits and burdens, regardless of individual circumstances?

Accepted Answer

Distributive Justice

Answer

Procedural Justice

Answer

Corrective Justice

Answer

Virtue-Based Justice

Question 9

According to the theory of social justice, which aim is of primary importance?

Accepted Answer

Eliminating Systemic Inequalities and Oppression

Answer

Promoting Individual Success

Answer

Enforcing Law and Order

Answer

Punishing Wrongdoers

Question 10

Which Eastern philosophical school emphasizes the interconnectedness of all beings and advocates for compassion and empathy towards others?

Accepted Answer

Mahayana Buddhism

Answer

Zen Buddhism

Answer

Confucianism

Answer

Theravada Buddhism

Question 11

In the theory of corrective justice, what is the primary purpose of punishment?

Accepted Answer

To Restore Balance, Repair Harm, and Promote Rehabilitation

Answer

To Inflict Pain and Suffering

Answer

To Punish the Guilty

Answer

To Deter Future Crimes

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of Confucian justice?

Accepted Answer

Yin and Yang

Answer

Li

Answer

Zhong

Answer

Ren

Question 13

Which of the following theories of justice emphasizes the importance of social order and the interdependence of individuals?

Accepted Answer

Organic Theory

Answer

Marxist Theory

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Rawlsian Theory

Question 14

In Buddhist philosophy, the concept of 'karma' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The belief that one's actions have consequences in this and future lives.

Answer

The principle of non-attachment to material possessions.

Answer

The idea that all beings are inherently good.

Question 15

Which of the following is a potential advantage of restorative justice approaches?

Accepted Answer

They allow for victims to have a voice and participate in the healing process.

Answer

They are always more lenient than traditional justice systems.

Question 16

The concept of 'dharma' in Hinduism refers to:

Accepted Answer

One's duty or righteous path in life.

Answer

The sacred teachings of the Vedas.

Answer

The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.

Answer

The ultimate goal of spiritual liberation.

Question 17

Which of the following is a similarity between Western and Eastern perspectives on justice?

Accepted Answer

Both recognize the importance of fairness and equality.

Answer

Eastern philosophies reject the idea of individual rights altogether.

Question 18

The concept of 'dukkha' in Buddhism is closely related to:

Accepted Answer

Suffering and dissatisfaction.

Answer

Karma and rebirth.

Answer

The nature of reality.

Answer

Enlightenment and liberation.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a distinctive characteristic of Eastern philosophical conceptions of justice?

Accepted Answer

Individualism

Answer

Harmony

Answer

Holism

Question 20

According to Confucianism, the foundation of justice lies primarily in:

Accepted Answer

Social harmony and fulfilling one's societal roles

Answer

Individual rights and autonomy

Answer

Utilitarian outcomes

Answer

Divine retribution

Question 21

Which Buddhist principle highlights the interconnectedness of all beings and the cause-and-effect nature of actions?

Accepted Answer

Karma

Answer

Non-attachment

Answer

Samsara

Answer

Nirvana

Question 22

Taoist philosophy suggests that justice is achieved through:

Accepted Answer

Alignment with the natural order

Answer

Defying societal norms

Answer

Pursuing personal gain

Answer

Imposing strict laws and punishments

Question 23

In Eastern philosophy, the notion of 'dharma' signifies:

Accepted Answer

The natural order and moral duty

Answer

Enlightenment

Answer

Nirvana

Answer

Karma

Question 24

A common criticism of Western conceptions of justice from an Eastern philosophical perspective is:

Accepted Answer

Excessive emphasis on individualism and rights

Answer

Irrelevance to everyday life

Answer

Vague and ambiguous principles

Answer

Incompatibility with religious beliefs

Question 25

According to Eastern philosophical thought, justice is primarily understood as a:

Accepted Answer

Dynamic and relational concept

Answer

Fixed and absolute principle

Answer

Legal and institutional framework

Answer

Personal and subjective experience

Question 26

A recurring theme in Eastern philosophical discussions of justice is:

Accepted Answer

The significance of compassion and empathy

Answer

Pursuit of personal wealth

Answer

Glorification of violence

Answer

Rejection of all forms of authority

Question 27

Eastern philosophical views on justice often emphasize the need to:

Accepted Answer

Balance individual rights with collective well-being

Answer

Maximize economic growth

Answer

Punish criminals harshly