Bioethics: Ethical Issues in Medicine and Healthcare

Question 1

Which of the following key ethical principles is NOT applicable in bioethics?

Accepted Answer

Convenience

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 2

Which of the following is **not** a core ethical principle in bioethics?

Accepted Answer

Convenience

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a core ethical principle in bioethics?

Accepted Answer

Paternalism

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Justice

Answer

Beneficence

Question 4

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of bioethics?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Efficiency

Answer

Convenience

Answer

Tradition

Question 5

Genetic testing for diseases without cures raises ethical concerns primarily because it can lead to:

Accepted Answer

Genetic discrimination, stigmatization, and psychological distress.

Answer

False positive or negative results.

Answer

Excessive healthcare costs.

Question 6

Informed consent in medical decision-making requires that:

Accepted Answer

Patients are provided with clear, comprehensive information about their medical condition, treatment options, and potential risks and benefits.

Answer

Patients must consent to all proposed treatments without exception.

Question 7

The precautionary principle emphasizes that:

Accepted Answer

Actions should not be taken if there is a potential for serious or irreversible harm, even in the absence of conclusive scientific evidence.

Answer

The potential benefits of an action must always outweigh the risks.

Question 8

Which of the following is a potential benefit of using animals in biomedical research?

Accepted Answer

It enables scientists to study diseases and develop treatments that would not be feasible in humans.

Answer

It is a more cost-effective alternative to human research.

Question 9

Reproductive technologies like IVF present ethical concerns related to:

Accepted Answer

Potential genetic manipulation, designer babies, and the social implications of assisted reproduction.

Answer

The impact on traditional family structures.

Answer

The costs and availability of these technologies.

Question 10

Which moral principle in Kantian ethics emphasizes acting only according to maxims that can be universally applied without contradiction?

Accepted Answer

Categorical imperative

Answer

Greatest happiness principle

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 11

The Doctrine of Double Effect states that an action is morally permissible if it:

Accepted Answer

Is not the primary intended consequence, even if it is foreseen

Answer

Is a necessary evil

Answer

Is done with the consent of all parties

Answer

Brings about a good end

Question 12

A primary ethical concern arising from genetic engineering is the debate over:

Accepted Answer

The potential consequences of altering human DNA and blurring the boundaries of what is considered 'natural'

Answer

Upholding patient autonomy in decision-making

Answer

Ensuring informed consent for genetic interventions

Answer

Cost-effectiveness of genetic engineering technologies

Question 13

The principle of autonomy in healthcare emphasizes the:

Accepted Answer

Right of individuals to make decisions about their own medical treatment, free from coercion or undue influence

Answer

Duty of healthcare professionals to act solely in the best interests of patients

Answer

Importance of obtaining informed consent before medical interventions

Question 14

A common argument against euthanasia is that it:

Accepted Answer

Devalues human life by suggesting that some lives are not worth living

Answer

Is not always effective in ending suffering

Answer

Is not supported by the majority of the population

Answer

Is difficult to regulate and enforce

Question 15

The slippery slope argument suggests that allowing:

Accepted Answer

Initially limited forms of euthanasia or assisted suicide could lead to a gradual expansion of practices and a blurring of ethical boundaries

Answer

Assisted suicide should only be available to terminally ill patients

Answer

Euthanasia is a form of murder and should be illegal in all cases

Question 16

One of the potential benefits of genetic screening is:

Accepted Answer

Early identification and treatment of genetic disorders, improving health outcomes

Answer

Lower healthcare costs in the long term

Answer

Loss of genetic diversity within a population

Answer

Genetic discrimination based on test results

Question 17

Informed consent in healthcare requires:

Accepted Answer

Voluntary, informed, specific, competent, and ongoing consent from patients or their authorized representatives

Answer

Only written documentation of consent

Answer

Only verbal agreement from patients

Question 18

A key ethical issue in organ transplantation is:

Accepted Answer

Ensuring fairness and equity in the allocation of scarce organs to patients in need

Answer

Obtaining informed consent from organ donors

Answer

Balancing the cost-effectiveness of transplantation programs with patient need

Answer

Providing ethical treatment to organ recipients

Question 19

The concept of 'moral distress' in healthcare refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Emotional and psychological distress experienced by healthcare professionals when they encounter situations where they cannot act in accordance with their ethical values and beliefs

Answer

Ethical dilemmas that arise in healthcare settings due to conflicting values

Question 20

Which of the following ethical principles emphasizes the fair and equitable distribution of healthcare resources?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Autonomy

Question 21

What is the term for ending a terminally ill patient's life at their request?

Accepted Answer

Euthanasia

Answer

Abortion

Answer

Assisted dying

Answer

Genetic engineering

Question 22

One common objection to abortion based on the right to life is:

Accepted Answer

A fetus has moral status from the moment of conception.

Answer

Abortion is a form of discrimination against women.

Answer

Abortion violates the Hippocratic Oath.

Question 23

Which process involves altering the genetic makeup of organisms?

Accepted Answer

Genetic engineering

Answer

Biotechnology

Answer

Cloning

Question 24

Which ethical principle upholds the right of individuals to make decisions about their own healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Justice

Question 25

The principle of double effect states that:

Accepted Answer

An action with both good and bad effects is acceptable if the good effect is intended and the bad effect is merely foreseen but not intended.

Answer

An action with more bad effects than good effects is acceptable.

Question 26

What is the term for withdrawing or withholding life-prolonging treatment from a terminally ill patient who can no longer make decisions for themselves?

Accepted Answer

Withholding or withdrawing treatment

Answer

Passive euthanasia

Answer

Assisted dying

Answer

Palliative care

Question 27

The ability to make independent ethical decisions, even if it means going against medical advice, is called:

Accepted Answer

Patient autonomy

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence