Moral Properties: Objective or Subjective? Explore the Nature of Morality

Question 1

Which question is not directly addressed in the unit on the nature of moral properties?

Accepted Answer

How should one behave in various ethical dilemmas?

Answer

Are moral properties objective or subjective?

Answer

Do moral properties have a real or illusory existence?

Answer

What are the implications of different theories of moral properties for our ethical decision-making?

Question 2

According to moral realism, moral properties are considered to be:

Accepted Answer

Objective and real

Answer

Subjective and illusory

Answer

Subjective and real

Answer

Objective and illusory

Question 3

According to the non-cognitivist theory of ethics, moral statements are primarily:

Accepted Answer

Expressions of emotion

Answer

Statements of fact

Answer

Statements of value

Answer

Recommendations for action

Question 4

In the context of moral properties, the concept of 'supervenience' refers to the idea that:

Accepted Answer

Moral properties are dependent on non-moral properties

Answer

Moral properties are independent of non-moral properties

Answer

Non-moral properties are independent of moral properties

Answer

Moral properties and non-moral properties are mutually exclusive

Question 5

According to Kantian ethics, the categorical imperative requires that we act only on maxims that are:

Accepted Answer

Universalizable

Answer

Likely to maximize happiness

Answer

Consistent with the golden rule

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In accordance with our duty

Question 6

A common criticism of utilitarianism is that it can be:

Accepted Answer

Unfair to those who are most vulnerable

Answer

Too demanding

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Too vague

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Too relativistic

Question 7

How do meta-ethical theories help us understand why people disagree about moral issues?

Accepted Answer

Meta-ethical theories provide a framework for evaluating the validity of different moral viewpoints.

Answer

Meta-ethical theories eliminate the possibility of genuine moral disagreements.

Answer

Meta-ethical theories reduce moral disagreements to matters of personal preference.

Question 8

Which of the following is a central debate in the examination of moral properties?

Accepted Answer

Objectivity versus Subjectivity

Answer

Right versus Wrong

Answer

Good versus Evil

Question 9

According to the theory of moral realism, moral properties:

Accepted Answer

Exist independently of human perception

Answer

Are determined by individual preferences

Answer

Are illusory

Answer

Are created by social institutions

Question 10

Which argument favors moral subjectivism?

Accepted Answer

Moral judgments exhibit significant variation across cultures

Answer

Moral principles can be derived through logical deduction

Answer

Moral properties are objective and universal

Answer

Moral obligations are binding on all rational beings

Question 11

How do non-cognitivists characterize the nature of moral properties?

Accepted Answer

Expressive

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Objective

Question 12

Which statement most accurately reflects the stance of moral nihilism?

Accepted Answer

Moral properties do not exist

Answer

Moral properties are subjective and relative

Answer

Moral properties are objective and absolute

Answer

Moral properties emerge from social interactions

Question 13

A central concept in the debate on moral particularism refers to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Moral rules apply only to specific situations

Answer

Moral virtues are essential for happiness

Answer

Moral duties are determined by reason

Answer

Moral principles are universally binding

Question 14

What is the primary distinction between ethical naturalism and ethical non-naturalism?

Accepted Answer

Ethical naturalism derives moral properties from non-moral facts, while ethical non-naturalism posits a separate realm of moral facts

Answer

Ethical naturalism focuses on individual actions, while ethical non-naturalism emphasizes social norms

Question 15

What is the significance of the debate on whether moral properties are monadic or relational?

Accepted Answer

It shapes our understanding of moral responsibility and the potential for moral dilemmas

Answer

It determines the scope of moral language

Question 16

Which ethical theory asserts that moral properties exist independently of our personal beliefs and subjective experiences?

Accepted Answer

Moral Realism

Answer

Moral Relativism

Answer

Moral Nihilism

Answer

Moral Subjectivism

Question 17

According to Moral Subjectivism, what determines the validity of moral judgments?

Accepted Answer

Personal preferences and emotions

Answer

Objective moral principles

Answer

Divine revelation

Answer

Cultural norms and societal expectations

Question 18

Which of the following is a common argument against Moral Relativism?

Accepted Answer

It undermines the potential for moral progress and universal ethical values.

Answer

It overemphasizes the importance of objective moral principles.

Answer

It equates all cultures as morally superior.

Question 19

The Euthyphro Dilemma primarily examines the relationship between morality and:

Accepted Answer

The inherent nature and attributes of the divine

Answer

The influence of societal norms

Answer

The pursuit of personal happiness

Answer

The consequences of moral actions

Question 20

Which philosopher is known for advocating that the nature of moral properties can be elucidated through linguistic analysis?

Accepted Answer

G.E. Moore

Answer

Plato

Answer

Immanuel Kant

Answer

Aristotle

Question 21

The concept of supervenience in the context of moral properties suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Moral properties are contingent on and dependent upon non-moral properties.

Answer

Moral properties are entirely distinct and independent from all other properties.

Answer

All properties are ultimately reducible to moral properties.

Question 22

Which of the following is a critique of the argument for the irreducibility of moral properties?

Accepted Answer

Moral properties may be susceptible to scientific explanation and analysis.

Answer

Moral properties are essential for a meaningful and fulfilling life.

Answer

Moral properties are universally accepted and recognized across cultures.

Question 23

Moral Intuitionism asserts that:

Accepted Answer

Moral truths can be directly apprehended through intuitive insight and reason.

Answer

Moral truths are objective and unchanging, existing independently of human perception.

Answer

Moral truths are derived solely from cultural traditions and social norms.

Question 24

Which philosopher developed the theory of Moral Particularism, which rejects the notion of universally applicable moral principles?

Accepted Answer

J.L. Mackie

Answer

Aristotle

Answer

G.E. Moore

Answer

Immanuel Kant

Question 25

The central question in the debate surrounding the nature of moral properties primarily revolves around:

Accepted Answer

Their objective or subjective existence and whether they are real or illusory.

Answer

The specific moral values and principles that should guide our actions.

Answer

The practical implications of moral judgments in everyday life.