Applied Ethics: Practical Applications of Moral Principles

Question 1

Which of the following is a core principle of Utilitarianism?

Accepted Answer

Actions are morally right if they maximize overall happiness.

Accepted Answer

The value of an action is solely determined by its consequences.

Answer

The intentions of an individual are more important than the outcomes of their actions.

Answer

Individual rights and freedoms should never be violated.

Question 2

In utilitarianism, the right action is the one that brings about the most overall happiness or well-being. True or False?

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 3

What is the central principle of utilitarianism?

Accepted Answer

Actions are morally right if they bring the most happiness to the most people.

Answer

Actions are right if they follow established moral rules.

Answer

Actions are right if they only benefit the person doing them.

Answer

Actions are right if they align with the beliefs of a particular culture or religion.

Question 4

In the context of abortion, the pro-life argument asserts that the moral status of the fetus is:

Accepted Answer

Inherently valuable

Answer

Contingent on the mother's circumstances

Answer

Irrelevant to the decision

Answer

Subordinate to the mother's rights

Question 5

Ethical guidelines in healthcare can lead to:

Accepted Answer

Improved patient trust and decision-making

Answer

Diminished professional autonomy and flexibility

Answer

Reduced accountability for healthcare providers

Answer

Increased healthcare costs and administrative burdens

Question 6

In business ethics, the concept of 'corporate social responsibility' involves:

Accepted Answer

Balancing economic interests with social and environmental concerns

Answer

Focusing solely on legal compliance and avoiding ethical dilemmas

Answer

Prioritizing shareholder value at all costs

Answer

Ignoring the impact of business activities on society

Question 7

A key ethical challenge in environmental ethics is:

Accepted Answer

Weighing human needs and desires against the preservation of ecosystems

Answer

Enforcing environmental regulations and penalties

Answer

Accurately predicting the long-term effects of environmental actions

Answer

Determining the legal status and rights of non-human entities

Question 8

In feminist ethics, 'care ethics' emphasizes the:

Accepted Answer

Significance of relationships, empathy, and compassion

Answer

Equal distribution of power and resources regardless of gender

Answer

Rejection of traditional gender roles and stereotypes

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Superiority of female perspectives and values

Question 9

Applied ethics is characterized by its:

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on the application of ethical principles to real-world situations

Answer

Exclusive focus on individual moral conduct

Answer

Confinement to academic and theoretical contexts

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Lack of concern for the practical implications of ethical decisions

Question 10

Which fundamental ethical principle is violated when a healthcare practitioner performs a medical procedure without obtaining informed consent from the patient?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Justice

Question 11

The 'trolley problem' is a thought experiment used to explore the ethical complexities surrounding:

Accepted Answer

Sacrificing one life to save multiple lives

Answer

Lying to a patient about their diagnosis

Answer

Stealing to provide sustenance to a starving person

Answer

Euthanizing a terminally ill individual

Question 12

Which ethical theory prioritizes maximizing overall well-being or happiness?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Natural law theory

Answer

Kantianism

Question 13

The ethical principle of 'non-maleficence' primarily emphasizes the obligation to:

Accepted Answer

Avoid causing harm

Answer

Respect individual rights

Answer

Maintain integrity

Answer

Promote happiness

Question 14

Which ethical perspective emphasizes the significance of virtues and character traits?

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Teleological ethics

Answer

Deontological ethics

Question 15

Which renowned philosopher is widely recognized for his influential theory centered on categorical imperatives?

Accepted Answer

Immanuel Kant

Answer

John Stuart Mill

Answer

Aristotle

Answer

Plato

Question 16

The ethical principle of 'autonomy' fundamentally concerns:

Accepted Answer

Respecting individuals' right to make decisions about their own lives and bodies

Answer

Protecting vulnerable populations

Answer

Promoting social justice

Question 17

Which ethical theory places emphasis on fulfilling one's duties and obligations?

Accepted Answer

Deontological ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Situation ethics

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 18

The ethical concern known as 'environmental sustainability' primarily focuses on:

Accepted Answer

The impact of human activities on the natural environment and the well-being of future generations

Answer

The equitable distribution of wealth and resources

Answer

The rights and welfare of non-human animals

Question 19

A utilitarian approach to the ethical debate surrounding abortion would primarily prioritize:

Accepted Answer

Maximizing overall well-being and minimizing suffering for all affected individuals.

Answer

Safeguarding the inherent right to life of the developing fetus.

Answer

Preserving the autonomy of the pregnant person in making decisions about their own body.

Question 20

Which ethical principle is most commonly invoked in arguments against physician-assisted suicide?

Accepted Answer

The sanctity and inviolability of human life.

Answer

The duty to provide beneficence and avoid harm to patients.

Answer

The principle of autonomy and respect for individual choices.

Answer

The principle of justice and equitable access to healthcare.

Question 21

The ethical framework of animal rights, as advocated by Peter Singer, is primarily based on:

Accepted Answer

The capacity for sentience and the ability to experience suffering.

Answer

The religious or spiritual significance attributed to animals.

Answer

The inherent and intrinsic value of all living beings, regardless of species.

Answer

The instrumental value and usefulness of animals to humans.

Question 22

The concept of 'moral luck' in applied ethics refers primarily to:

Accepted Answer

The influence of external factors and circumstances on the moral evaluation of an action or its consequences.

Answer

The inherent goodness or badness of an individual's character or intentions.

Answer

The prevailing social norms and cultural values that shape moral judgments.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a commonly raised ethical concern associated with the use of AI in healthcare settings?

Accepted Answer

The potential for AI to enhance patient outcomes and improve healthcare efficiency.

Answer

Concerns about bias in AI algorithms leading to unfair or discriminatory treatment of patients.

Answer

The potential replacement of human healthcare professionals by AI systems, raising questions about employment and job security.

Answer

The potential erosion of patient privacy due to data collection and storage by AI systems.

Question 24

A key difference between Kantian ethics and virtue ethics lies in the emphasis on:

Accepted Answer

Universal moral principles versus the development of virtuous character traits.

Answer

The focus on maximizing happiness versus minimizing suffering.

Answer

The consequences of actions versus the intent behind them.

Answer

The role of reason versus the role of emotion in moral decision-making.

Question 25

The concept of 'moral relativism' suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Moral judgments and values vary across cultures and historical contexts, and there is no universal or absolute morality.

Answer

There are objective and universal moral principles that apply to all people, regardless of their cultural background.

Answer

Individuals should always follow their own personal conscience, regardless of societal norms.

Question 26

When applying ethical principles to real-world situations, it is crucial to consider:

Accepted Answer

The complexities and nuances of the specific situation, recognizing that ethical principles may interact and conflict in practice.

Answer

Only the most relevant ethical principle, as determined by the individual making the decision.

Answer

Personal biases and prejudices, which can cloud ethical judgment and decision-making.

Answer

The opinions and perspectives of others, as they can provide valuable insights and broaden ethical considerations.

Question 27

The ethical principle of 'justice' primarily focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Fairness, equity, and impartial treatment of individuals, ensuring that rights and opportunities are distributed justly.

Answer

Promoting the common good and the well-being of society as a whole.

Answer

Minimizing harm and preventing individuals from being wronged or exploited.

Answer

Respecting individual autonomy and the right to make decisions about one's own life.