Ethics in Psychology: Essential Considerations for Ethical Practice

Question 1

Regarding cultural sensitivity in psychology, which of the following actions is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Using assessment tools that have been validated for use with diverse cultural groups

Answer

Imposing one's own cultural beliefs and values on clients

Answer

Disregarding the cultural context of clients' experiences

Answer

Assuming that all clients share the same cultural values and beliefs

Question 2

According to ethical guidelines, releasing clients' test scores without their explicit consent is considered:

Accepted Answer

A serious breach of ethical principles

Answer

Acceptable under certain circumstances

Answer

Permissible if anonymized

Answer

Allowed with clients' verbal consent

Question 3

The ethical principle that guides psychologists to prioritize the welfare and best interests of their clients is known as:

Accepted Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Justice

Answer

Respect for autonomy

Question 4

Which fundamental ethical principle in psychology prioritizes respecting individuals' choices and decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Respect for autonomy and self-determination

Answer

Non-maleficence and beneficence

Answer

Confidentiality and privacy

Answer

Justice and fairness

Question 5

As per ethical guidelines, which behavior is generally prohibited for psychologists?

Accepted Answer

Engaging in sexual or romantic relationships with clients.

Answer

Using deception in research.

Answer

Providing pro bono services.

Answer

Disclosing client information to their family members with their consent.

Question 6

Which ethical guideline emphasizes the importance of minimizing the risk of harm or discomfort to participants?

Accepted Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 7

According to the ethical principle of beneficence, psychologists are obligated to:

Accepted Answer

Act in their clients' best interests.

Answer

Avoid conflicts of interest.

Answer

Obtain informed consent from clients.

Answer

Maintain confidentiality of client information.

Question 8

Which type of ethical dilemma involves conflicts between obligations to multiple parties?

Accepted Answer

Multiple loyalties

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Confidentiality

Question 9

Ethical guidelines for cultural competence require psychologists to be:

Accepted Answer

Respectful and sensitive to diverse cultural backgrounds.

Answer

Avoid working with clients from cultures different from their own.

Answer

Use only culturally appropriate language.

Question 10

Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of fair and equitable access to psychological services?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Autonomy

Question 11

Which ethical principle emphasizes the right of individuals to make informed decisions about their involvement in research?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Justice

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence

Question 12

When may deception be ethically justifiable in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

When it is necessary to protect participants from harm or ensure research validity.

Answer

When deception is used to manipulate participants' behavior.

Answer

When participants are incapable of giving informed consent.

Question 13

In the United Kingdom, which professional organization establishes ethical guidelines for psychologists?

Accepted Answer

British Psychological Society (BPS)

Answer

World Health Organization (WHO)

Answer

American Psychological Association (APA)

Question 14

What is the primary ethical obligation of a psychologist in their interactions with clients?

Accepted Answer

To prioritize the client's well-being and best interests.

Answer

To follow external instructions, such as from the client's doctor.

Answer

To maintain confidentiality

Answer

To minimize potential harm to the client.

Question 15

Which ethical principle safeguards the privacy and confidentiality of client information?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Negligence

Answer

Dual relationships

Question 16

Which ethical principle obligates psychologists to refrain from causing harm to clients?

Accepted Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Fidelity

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 17

What is the primary purpose of obtaining informed consent in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

To ensure participants fully understand and voluntarily agree to participate.

Answer

To expedite the research process.

Answer

To protect researchers from legal consequences.

Question 18

Which ethical principle emphasizes the fair and equitable treatment of all clients?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Question 19

What is the function of an ethics committee in the context of psychological research?

Accepted Answer

To review and approve research proposals, ensuring adherence to ethical standards.

Answer

To conduct ethical research studies.

Answer

To provide legal counsel to researchers.

Question 20

Which ethical principle emphasizes respecting individuals' choices and decisions?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 21

Which ethical guideline prohibits psychologists from engaging in romantic or sexual relationships with clients?

Accepted Answer

Dual relationships

Answer

Respect for diversity

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Confidentiality

Question 22

Cultural sensitivity in ethical practice involves:

Accepted Answer

Respecting and understanding diverse beliefs, values, and practices

Answer

Using only interventions supported by research

Answer

Prioritizing the therapist's own cultural background

Question 23

Which ethical principle requires psychologists to act in the best interests of their clients?

Accepted Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Answer

Fidelity

Answer

Autonomy

Question 24

The British Psychological Society (BPS) Code of Ethics states that psychologists must:

Accepted Answer

Act to protect the public from harm

Answer

Promote their own interests above all else

Answer

Avoid any involvement in research

Answer

Share all personal information with clients

Question 25

Which ethical concern arises when a psychologist's research methods have the potential to cause discomfort or harm to participants?

Accepted Answer

Potential harm

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Confidentiality

Question 26

The ethical principle of fidelity emphasizes the importance of:

Accepted Answer

Honesty, integrity, and trustworthiness in professional relationships

Answer

Respect for cultural diversity

Answer

Balancing beneficence and non-maleficence

Question 27

Which ethical guideline prohibits psychologists from disclosing private information about their clients without their consent?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Objectivity

Answer

Competence

Answer

Informed consent

Question 28

The ethical consideration of non-maleficence requires psychologists to:

Accepted Answer

Avoid causing any harm or distress to their clients

Answer

Conduct research with scientific rigor

Answer

Promote client autonomy and self-determination

Question 29

According to the British Psychological Society (BPS) Code of Conduct, psychologists have a primary ethical duty to:

Accepted Answer

Promote the well-being and protect the rights of individuals with whom they work.

Answer

Comply with the latest research findings.

Answer

Uphold the reputation of the psychology profession.

Question 30

Informed consent in psychological research requires that participants are:

Accepted Answer

Fully informed about the study's purpose, procedures, and potential risks and benefits, and have the right to withdraw at any time.

Answer

Compensated financially for their participation.

Answer

Assured of complete anonymity.

Question 31

A common ethical dilemma in psychological practice involves:

Accepted Answer

Balancing a client's right to make autonomous decisions with the need to protect them from potential harm.

Answer

Choosing between different therapeutic approaches.

Answer

Deciding whether to charge a sliding scale fee.

Question 32

The ethical principle of beneficence obligates psychologists to:

Accepted Answer

Act in the best interests of their clients, maximizing potential benefits and minimizing potential harm.

Answer

Disclose any conflicts of interest.

Answer

Maintain a neutral and non-judgmental stance.

Answer

Seek supervision regularly.

Question 33

A primary role of an ethics committee in psychological research is to:

Accepted Answer

Review and approve research proposals, ensuring they adhere to ethical standards and protect participants' rights.

Answer

Provide ongoing support to researchers throughout the research process.

Answer

Investigate allegations of misconduct and breaches of ethical guidelines.

Question 34

The ethical principle of respect for autonomy requires psychologists to:

Accepted Answer

Respect and support a client's right to make informed decisions about their own care, even if the psychologist disagrees.

Answer

Protect the client from any potential harm, even if it means overriding their wishes.

Answer

Always follow a client's instructions without question.

Question 35

A potential negative consequence of ethical misconduct in psychology is:

Accepted Answer

Damage to the reputation of the psychology profession and loss of public trust.

Answer

Financial gain.

Answer

Increased job satisfaction.

Answer

Enhanced career prospects.

Question 36

The ethical principle of non-maleficence requires psychologists to:

Accepted Answer

Avoid causing harm to their clients, both intentionally and unintentionally, and to take reasonable steps to prevent harm.

Answer

Maximize the potential benefits of their interventions, regardless of the potential risks.

Answer

Respect the confidentiality of client information, even if it means withholding information that could prevent harm.

Question 37

A key ethical responsibility of psychologists in the assessment and diagnosis of psychological disorders is to:

Accepted Answer

Use scientifically valid and reliable assessment tools, ensuring accurate and unbiased evaluations.

Answer

Rely solely on subjective self-report measures.

Answer

Make diagnoses based on brief interviews without conducting a comprehensive assessment.

Question 38

In research, which ethical principle emphasizes the right of individuals to make informed decisions about their participation?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Justice

Answer

Beneficence

Question 39

Providing participants with detailed information about a study, including its purpose, risks, and potential benefits, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Informed Consent

Answer

Anonymity

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Debriefing

Question 40

Which ethical guideline prohibits researchers from using force or undue influence to obtain participants' consent?

Accepted Answer

Voluntariness

Answer

Objectivity

Answer

Competence

Answer

Privacy

Question 41

The ethical obligation to protect participants' personal information from unauthorized access or disclosure is known as:

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Anonymity

Answer

Transparency

Answer

Security

Question 42

Which ethical principle requires researchers to avoid causing harm to participants?

Accepted Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Justice

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Autonomy

Question 43

An Institutional Review Board (IRB) is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Reviewing research proposals to safeguard participants' rights and well-being

Answer

Providing funding for research projects

Answer

Assessing the methodological soundness of research designs

Answer

Disseminating research findings

Question 44

The ethical principle of Justice requires researchers to:

Accepted Answer

Distribute the benefits and burdens of research fairly across different groups

Answer

Promote equal access to research opportunities

Answer

Involve participants from diverse backgrounds

Answer

Ensure that all participants receive the same level of benefits

Question 45

Which ethical principle emphasizes protecting the privacy and confidentiality of individuals?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Justice

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Autonomy

Question 46

The fundamental ethical principle requiring psychologists to avoid causing harm to their clients is known as:

Accepted Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Answer

Autonomy

Question 47

In psychology, the principle of beneficence involves:

Accepted Answer

Actively promoting the well-being and interests of individuals.

Answer

Solely avoiding potential harm to individuals.

Answer

Prioritizing client autonomy above all else.

Question 48

When confronted with an ethical dilemma in practice, the initial step for a psychologist should be to:

Accepted Answer

Consult with colleagues or supervisors for guidance and support.

Answer

Refer the individual to another professional for a separate opinion.

Answer

Make a decision based exclusively on personal values.

Question 49

An example of a conflict of interest in psychology is:

Accepted Answer

A psychologist providing therapy to a personal friend or relative.

Answer

A psychologist writing a book about their work with clients.

Answer

A psychologist conducting research on a topic they are personally passionate about.

Question 50

The ethical principle of justice in psychology requires that:

Accepted Answer

Individuals have equitable access to psychological services and resources.

Answer

Psychologists treat all clients with respect and value.

Answer

Psychologists prioritize avoiding harm to individuals.