Structure of the Nervous System: Learn the Basics with Interactive Quizzes

Question 1

Which neurotransmitter binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, causing muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Question 2

Which of the following is the fundamental building block of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information?

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Glia

Answer

Synapse

Answer

Neurotransmitter

Question 3

The division of the nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Answer

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 4

Which type of cell in the nervous system provides support and nourishment to neurons?

Accepted Answer

Glia

Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Neuron

Answer

Axon

Question 5

The part of a neuron that receives signals from adjacent neurons is the:

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Synapse

Answer

Axon

Answer

Soma

Question 6

The junction where neurons communicate and transmit signals is termed:

Accepted Answer

Synapse

Answer

Axon

Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Glia

Question 7

The neurotransmitter associated with attention, motivation, and reward pathways is:

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 8

The branch of the nervous system responsible for regulating involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion is the:

Accepted Answer

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Answer

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 9

The division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for responses such as increased heart rate and blood pressure is the:

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer

Somatic Nervous System

Answer

Enteric Nervous System

Question 10

The protective layer surrounding the brain and spinal cord is called the:

Accepted Answer

Meninges

Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer

Myelin sheath

Answer

Neuroglia

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a major division of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system (regulates involuntary functions)

Answer

Peripheral nervous system (nerves and ganglia)

Answer

Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

Question 12

Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Axon (transmits signals away from the cell body)

Answer

Soma (cell body; contains the nucleus)

Question 13

What is the primary function of glia?

Accepted Answer

To support, protect, and nourish neurons

Answer

To transmit electrical signals

Answer

To release neurotransmitters

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter is associated with pleasure, reward, and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter)

Answer

Serotonin (mood regulation)

Answer

Adrenaline (stress hormone)

Question 15

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for 'rest and digest'?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer

Sympathetic nervous system (prepares the body for 'fight or flight')

Answer

Metabotropic nervous system (does not exist)

Answer

Enteric nervous system (controls the digestive tract)

Question 16

What is the name of the fatty insulating layer that surrounds some axons, increasing the speed of signal transmission?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Answer

Synaptic cleft (space between neurons)

Answer

Terminal button (releases neurotransmitters)

Answer

Neurolemma (outermost layer of the axon)

Question 17

What is the main function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

To regulate homeostasis (body's internal balance) and basic drives

Answer

To control voluntary movement

Answer

To process sensory information

Question 18

Which type of synapse is formed between an axon terminal and a dendrite?

Accepted Answer

Axodendritic synapse

Answer

Somatosomatic synapse (between cell bodies)

Answer

Dendrodendritic synapse (between dendrites)

Answer

Axoaxonic synapse (between axon terminals)

Question 19

What is the role of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

To selectively regulate the entry of substances from the blood into the brain, protecting it from harmful toxins

Answer

To regulate the flow of blood to the brain

Answer

To transmit electrical signals

Question 20

Which of the following is the primary function of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body and facilitate communication between them

Answer

To process and interpret sensory information

Answer

To control and coordinate movement

Question 21

In which brain region does neurogenesis primarily occur in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Basal ganglia

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Cerebral cortex

Question 22

Which neurotransmitter is predominantly associated with feelings of motivation and pleasure?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 23

Which part of the brain is responsible for conscious thought, decision-making, and language processing?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral cortex

Answer

Limbic system

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 24

Which of the following structures provides a protective layer around the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Meninges

Answer

Blood-brain barrier

Answer

Myelin sheath

Answer

Synapse

Question 25

What is the main function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the entry of substances into the brain to protect it from harmful agents

Answer

To regulate blood flow to the brain

Answer

To produce cerebrospinal fluid

Question 26

Which type of glial cell insulates neurons and contributes to the formation of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Answer

Microglia

Answer

Astrocyte

Answer

Ependymal cell

Question 27

What is the primary role of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

To increase the speed of electrical impulse transmission along the neuron's axons

Answer

To produce neurotransmitters

Answer

To protect the neuron from mechanical damage

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of food

Answer

Processing sensory information

Answer

Control of voluntary and involuntary movements

Answer

Regulation of hormone production

Question 29

Which of the following is part of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nerves

Answer

Spinal cord

Answer

Brain

Question 30

What is the main function of glia?

Accepted Answer

Support and protection of neurons

Answer

Generation of nerve impulses

Answer

Sensory reception

Answer

Release of neurotransmitters

Question 31

Where are synapses located?

Accepted Answer

At the junction between neurons

Answer

Between glia and neurons

Answer

Inside the cell body

Answer

Along the length of the axon

Question 32

Which neurotransmitter is known as the 'reward chemical'?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Glutamate

Question 33

Which type of neuron transmits impulses to muscles?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Sympathetic neuron

Answer

Sensory neuron

Question 34

Which structure insulates the axon and increases the speed of signal conduction?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Synapse

Answer

Cell membrane

Question 35

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for unconscious body functions?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 36

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

Accepted Answer

Connects the two cerebral hemispheres

Answer

Relays signals from the brain to the spinal cord

Answer

Processes visual and auditory information

Answer

Controls vital functions such as breathing and heart rate

Question 37

Which division of the nervous system processes information, controls voluntary movement, and supports conscious thought?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Question 38

What is the primary function of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Transmit electrical and chemical signals

Answer

Produce hormones

Answer

Regulate blood flow

Answer

Provide structural support

Question 39

Which glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath around neurons in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Answer

Microglia

Answer

Astrocytes

Answer

Schwann cells

Question 40

What is the name for the junction point between two neurons where signals are transmitted?

Accepted Answer

Synapse

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Axon

Answer

Dendrite

Question 41

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system responds to stressful situations by preparing the body for action?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Digestion

Answer

Thermoregulation

Answer

Relaxation

Question 42

Which part of the peripheral nervous system carries sensory information from the body to the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Afferent nerves

Answer

Cranial nerves

Answer

Efferent nerves

Answer

Mixed nerves

Question 43

What is the name of the protective layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Meninges

Answer

Pia mater

Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Arachnoid

Question 44

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for processing and interpreting visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Question 45

Which type of neuron carries signals away from the central nervous system towards muscles and glands?

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons

Answer

Glial cells

Answer

Sensory neurons

Answer

Interneurons

Question 46

Where does the communication between two neurons take place?

Accepted Answer

Synapse

Answer

Myelin sheath

Answer

Axon terminal

Answer

Dendritic spine

Question 47

Which neurotransmitter is essential for muscle contraction and movement?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Question 48

Which part of the brain is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions like thinking, language, and memory?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Spinal cord

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 49

Which division of the peripheral nervous system controls involuntary actions like heart rate and digestion?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Sensory nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Motor nervous system

Question 50

What type of receptor on a neuron is activated by the binding of a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Chemical receptor

Answer

Thermoreceptor

Answer

Photoreceptor

Answer

Mechanoreceptor

Question 51

Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons and transmits them towards the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Axon

Answer

Synaptic vesicles

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 52

What is the primary function of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Relaying information between the brain and the body

Answer

Controlling voluntary movements

Answer

Storing long-term memories

Answer

Processing emotions