Types of Research in Sociology: A Comprehensive Guide for Further Education

Question 1

Quantitative research is a method that involves:

Accepted Answer

Collecting numerical data through surveys or experiments

Answer

Systematically observing and recording behavior in natural settings

Answer

Prioritizing the experiences and perspectives of participants

Answer

Combining elements of both quantitative and qualitative approaches

Question 2

Which research method emphasizes understanding the subjective experiences and viewpoints of individuals or groups?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research

Answer

Mixed methods research

Answer

Quantitative research

Answer

Experimental research

Question 3

Mixed methods research is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Combining elements of both quantitative and qualitative approaches

Answer

Using only qualitative data

Answer

Manipulating variables to determine cause-and-effect relationships

Answer

Following the same group of participants over time

Question 4

The research method most suitable for testing hypotheses and drawing generalizable conclusions is:

Accepted Answer

Quantitative research

Answer

Mixed methods research

Answer

Qualitative research

Answer

Ethnography

Question 5

Which research method is best suited for providing rich, detailed insights into a social phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research

Answer

Quantitative research

Answer

Mixed methods research

Answer

Experimental research

Question 6

The research method that involves observing and recording participants' behavior in their natural settings is:

Accepted Answer

Ethnography

Answer

Interviews

Answer

Focus groups

Answer

Surveys

Question 7

Collecting data from a randomly selected sample of a population is a characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

Survey research

Answer

Longitudinal research

Answer

Experimental research

Answer

Case study research

Question 8

Manipulating one variable to determine its effect on another is a defining feature of:

Accepted Answer

Experimental research

Answer

Longitudinal research

Answer

Correlational research

Answer

Observational research

Question 9

A research design that involves studying the same group of participants over an extended period is known as:

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal research

Answer

Observational research

Answer

Cross-sectional research

Answer

Experimental research

Question 10

The ethical principle that ensures participants' privacy and anonymity is:

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Integrity

Answer

Objectivity

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a type of quantitative research method?

Accepted Answer

Grounded Theory

Answer

Secondary data analysis

Answer

Experimental research

Answer

Survey research

Question 12

Which type of research involves combining elements of both quantitative and qualitative methods?

Accepted Answer

Mixed methods research

Answer

Longitudinal research

Answer

Action research

Answer

Secondary data analysis

Question 13

Which type of research is mainly concerned with generating new theories?

Accepted Answer

Exploratory research

Answer

Descriptive research

Answer

Explanatory research

Answer

Evaluative research

Question 14

Which of the following is a key strength of qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Provides an in-depth understanding of social phenomena

Answer

Statistical validity

Answer

Generalizability of findings

Answer

Objectivity

Question 15

Which of the following is a limitation of quantitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Limited ability to explore complex social processes

Answer

Time-consuming

Answer

Ethical issues

Answer

High cost

Question 16

Which ethical principle requires researchers to maintain the privacy of participants?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Objectivity

Answer

Beneficence

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a core component of a research design?

Accepted Answer

Data analysis software

Answer

Research question

Answer

Data collection method

Answer

Sampling method

Question 18

Which research method involves the collection and analysis of numerical data?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative research

Answer

Qualitative research

Answer

Mixed methods research

Answer

Observational research

Question 19

What is a key strength of qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

Provides rich insights and an in-depth understanding of complex social phenomena.

Answer

Enables generalization of findings to a larger population.

Answer

Is cost-effective and easy to implement.

Answer

Can be used to test hypotheses and make predictions.

Question 20

What is the primary purpose of a research hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

To posit a testable relationship between variables.

Answer

To justify the choice of research design.

Answer

To summarize the findings of the research.

Question 21

What is the main advantage of using a structured interview in qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

Ensures consistency and comparability of responses across participants.

Answer

Allows for in-depth exploration of individual experiences.

Answer

Facilitates statistical analysis of data.

Answer

Reduces researcher bias.

Question 22

Which type of qualitative research involves collecting data through непосредственное наблюдение?

Accepted Answer

Ethnography

Answer

Phenomenology

Answer

Grounded theory

Question 23

What is the primary purpose of a research report?

Accepted Answer

To convey the findings, conclusions, and implications of a research project.

Answer

To promote the researcher's personal views and opinions.

Answer

To justify the research design and methodology.

Question 24

Which research method relies on the collection and analysis of numerical data?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative Research

Answer

Mixed Methods Research

Answer

Qualitative Research

Answer

Action Research

Question 25

A research approach that combines elements of both quantitative and qualitative methods is known as:

Accepted Answer

Mixed Methods Research

Answer

Parallel Research

Answer

Concurrent Research

Answer

Sequential Research

Question 26

Which research method involves collecting data through direct observation and interaction with participants?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative Research

Answer

Correlational Research

Answer

Historical Research

Answer

Experimental Research

Question 27

A research method that investigates past events primarily through the analysis of historical documents is:

Accepted Answer

Historical Research

Answer

Ethnographic Research

Answer

Observational Research

Answer

Phenomenological Research

Question 28

Which research method is particularly appropriate for exploring the subjective experiences and perspectives of individuals?

Accepted Answer

Phenomenological Research

Answer

Comparative Research

Answer

Survey Research

Answer

Grounded Theory

Question 29

A research design in which the researcher manipulates an independent variable to observe its effects on a dependent variable is:

Accepted Answer

Experimental Research

Answer

Non-Experimental Research

Answer

Quasi-Experimental Research

Answer

Longitudinal Research

Question 30

Which research method involves collecting data from a large sample of participants using standardized questionnaires or interviews?

Accepted Answer

Survey Research

Answer

Case Study Research

Answer

Interview-Based Research

Question 31

A research method that seeks to explain the relationships between variables without manipulating them is:

Accepted Answer

Correlational Research

Answer

Comparative Research

Answer

Causal-Comparative Research

Question 32

A research method that uses existing data sources to investigate a particular topic is:

Accepted Answer

Secondary Research

Answer

Primary Research

Answer

Quantitative Research

Answer

Qualitative Research

Question 33

Which research method is characterized by the collection and analysis of numerical data?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative

Answer

Experimental

Answer

Mixed methods

Answer

Qualitative

Question 34

Which type of research is most appropriate for delving into complex social phenomena and gaining insights into subjective experiences?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative

Answer

Mixed methods

Answer

Quantitative

Answer

Correlational

Question 35

Which research approach encapsulates the strengths of both quantitative and qualitative methods?

Accepted Answer

Mixed methods

Answer

Experimental

Answer

Multivariate

Answer

Longitudinal

Question 36

Which research method involves manipulating an independent variable to observe its impact on a dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

Experimental

Answer

Observational

Answer

Quasi-experimental

Answer

Correlational

Question 37

Which statistical test is commonly used to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

Correlation coefficient

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

T-test

Question 38

Which ethical principle in research safeguards participants' privacy and confidentiality?

Accepted Answer

Anonymity and confidentiality

Answer

Objectivity

Answer

Validity

Answer

Informed consent

Question 39

Which factor poses the most significant threat to the validity of a research study?

Accepted Answer

Bias

Answer

Research design

Answer

Data collection method

Answer

Sample size

Question 40

Which research strategy involves selecting a smaller group to represent the characteristics of a larger population?

Accepted Answer

Sampling

Answer

Data analysis

Answer

Hypothesis testing

Question 41

Which type of data is primarily gathered through interviews and focus groups?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative data

Answer

Secondary data

Answer

Quantitative data

Answer

Mixed methods data

Question 42

Select the research method characterized by the collection and analysis of numerical data:

Accepted Answer

Quantitative research

Answer

Qualitative research

Answer

Mixed methods research

Answer

Grounded theory research

Question 43

Identify the research method that focuses on exploring social phenomena from the perspectives of the participants:

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research

Answer

Mixed methods research

Answer

Action research

Answer

Quantitative research

Question 44

Which research method combines quantitative and qualitative approaches to provide a comprehensive understanding of a research topic?

Accepted Answer

Mixed methods research

Answer

Action research

Answer

Quantitative research

Answer

Case study

Question 45

Identify the research method aimed at improving practice and promoting social change:

Accepted Answer

Action research

Answer

Exploratory research

Answer

Explanatory research

Answer

Descriptive research

Question 46

Identify the research method that seeks to establish causal relationships between variables:

Accepted Answer

Experimental research

Answer

Grounded theory research

Answer

Correlational research

Answer

Observational research

Question 47

Which research method involves obtaining data from pre-existing sources?

Accepted Answer

Archival research

Answer

Interview research

Answer

Observation research

Answer

Survey research

Question 48

Which research method involves in-depth examination of a limited number of cases?

Accepted Answer

Case study

Answer

Grounded theory

Answer

Experiment

Answer

Survey research

Question 49

Identify the research method that aims to develop new theories or concepts based on empirical data:

Accepted Answer

Grounded theory research

Answer

Mixed methods research

Answer

Quantitative research

Answer

Action research

Question 50

Which research method is MOST suitable for gaining in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of homeless individuals in a specific city?

Accepted Answer

Ethnography

Answer

Surveys

Answer

Content analysis

Answer

Experiments

Question 51

What is a key advantage of using mixed methods in sociological research?

Accepted Answer

Provides a more comprehensive understanding of complex social phenomena

Answer

It can strengthen the validity and reliability of research findings.

Answer

It can offer a more balanced perspective by combining quantitative and qualitative data.

Question 52

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on numerical data and statistical analysis

Answer

Primarily uses researcher's interpretations to draw conclusions

Answer

Focus on in-depth understanding of individual experiences

Question 53

In an experiment testing the effectiveness of a new educational program, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The new educational program

Answer

The control group

Answer

The students' test scores

Answer

The research hypothesis

Question 54

Which qualitative research method involves systematically analyzing visual or textual materials to identify patterns and themes?

Accepted Answer

Content analysis

Answer

Participant observation

Answer

Focus groups

Answer

Structured interviews

Question 55

What is a potential limitation of using only closed-ended questions in a survey?

Accepted Answer

May not capture the full range of respondents' perspectives

Answer

Are too time-consuming for respondents to answer

Answer

Cannot be used to collect quantitative data

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a common ethical consideration in sociological research?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring all participants share the researcher's views

Answer

Protecting participants' confidentiality and anonymity

Answer

Obtaining informed consent from participants

Question 57

What is a key strength of longitudinal research designs?

Accepted Answer

Allows researchers to study social change over time

Answer

Is less expensive and time-consuming than cross-sectional designs

Answer

Eliminates the need for sampling techniques

Question 58

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'triangulation' in research?

Accepted Answer

Using multiple data sources or methods to enhance the credibility of findings

Answer

Focusing exclusively on quantitative data collection methods

Answer

Ignoring any contradictory findings in the research process