Energy Systems and Substrate Utilization: Master the Basics of Energy Production in Exercise

Question 1

Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic of the ATP-PC energy system?

Accepted Answer

It possesses a limited capacity and can sustain energy production for only a brief period.

Answer

It is the predominant energy system utilized during extended exercise durations.

Answer

It generates ATP primarily through the breakdown of carbohydrates.

Answer

It is the most efficient energy system for ATP production.

Question 2

During prolonged exercise, the body primarily utilizes which substrate for energy?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates and fats

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 3

Which hormone stimulates glycogen breakdown in skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Somatostatin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Insulin

Question 4

Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of muscle glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen synthase

Answer

Phosphofructokinase

Answer

Glycogen phosphorylase

Answer

Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 5

Which factor significantly influences an individual's reliance on fat as an energy source during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Training status

Answer

Age

Answer

Ethnicity

Answer

Gender

Question 6

What is the primary function of creatine phosphate in energy provision for muscular activity?

Accepted Answer

Immediate ATP regeneration during bursts of high-intensity exercise

Answer

Energy storage for prolonged exercise

Answer

Regulation of muscle growth and repair

Question 7

Which energy system predominantly powers activities lasting less than 10 seconds?

Accepted Answer

ATP-PC

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Cori cycle

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 8

Which process converts stored glucose into a usable energy source?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Proteolysis

Answer

Lipolysis

Question 9

What is the primary end product of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Lactate

Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Answer

Glucose-6-phosphate

Answer

Pyruvate

Question 10

Which process involves the recycling of lactate produced during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Cori cycle

Answer

Krebs cycle

Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 11

Which process breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol?

Accepted Answer

Lipolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Proteolysis

Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 12

Which energy system is predominantly responsible for providing energy during the initial phase of high-intensity exercise (lasting approximately 10 seconds)?

Accepted Answer

ATP-PC system

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation system

Answer

Lactic acid system

Question 13

During prolonged endurance exercise, which substrate serves as the major fuel source for oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids

Answer

Amino acids

Answer

Ketone bodies

Answer

Glucose

Question 14

Which characteristic is NOT associated with the ATP-PC energy system?

Accepted Answer

Sustained energy production over extended periods

Answer

Immediate energy provision

Answer

Reliance on creatine phosphate as a substrate

Question 15

The primary product of the glycolysis metabolic pathway is:

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Answer

Lactate

Answer

ATP

Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Question 16

Which factor can lead to an increased rate of oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Increased mitochondrial density

Answer

Low oxygen availability

Answer

Reduced body temperature

Answer

Exposure to high altitudes

Question 17

In which organelle does the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA primarily occur?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 18

Which enzyme plays a crucial role in regulating the metabolic pathway of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase

Answer

Hexokinase

Answer

Lactate dehydrogenase

Answer

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 19

Which energy system is primarily responsible for ATP production during the first 10 seconds of intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

ATP-PC system

Answer

Carnosine-alanine buffer system

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 20

During prolonged exercise at moderate intensity, which substrate is the primary fuel source for energy production?

Accepted Answer

Fats

Answer

Lactate

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

It does not require oxygen.

Answer

It produces large amounts of ATP.

Answer

It takes place in the mitochondria.

Answer

It involves the breakdown of glucose.

Question 22

What is the main trigger for the initiation of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Increased muscle fiber tension

Answer

Release of insulin

Answer

Increased oxygen consumption

Answer

Accumulation of ATP

Question 23

Which lactate shuttle system primarily transports lactate from glycolytic muscle fibers to oxidative muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4)

Answer

Creatine kinase

Answer

Sodium-potassium pump

Answer

Citrate-malate shuttle

Question 24

What is the fate of pyruvate during anaerobic glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Converted to lactate

Answer

Stored as glycogen

Answer

Converted to acetyl-CoA

Answer

Used to generate NADH

Question 25

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase

Answer

Pyruvate kinase

Answer

Hexokinase

Answer

Phosphofructokinase

Question 26

What is the primary function of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) in fatty acid metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Transports fatty acids into the mitochondria

Answer

Breaks down triglycerides

Answer

Produces acetyl-CoA

Answer

Activates fatty acids

Question 27

What is the main function of myoglobin in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Stores oxygen

Answer

Transports ATP

Answer

Regulates muscle contraction

Answer

Facilitates glucose uptake