Basic Principles of Exercise Physiology: Master the Fundamentals

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental component of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Negative feedback loops

Answer

Control systems

Answer

Response mechanisms

Question 2

What is the primary energy currency used by the body during physical activity?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Creatine phosphate

Answer

Glucose

Question 3

During acute exercise, which of the following physiological responses typically does NOT occur?

Accepted Answer

Increased core body temperature

Answer

Elevated heart rate

Answer

Enhanced oxygen consumption

Answer

Increased blood flow to active muscles

Question 4

What is the main function of the cardiovascular system during exercise?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate the transport of oxygen and nutrients to working muscles

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Answer

To coordinate muscle contractions

Answer

To eliminate metabolic waste products

Question 5

Which of the following is a type of long-term muscular adaptation to chronic exercise training?

Accepted Answer

Increased muscle fiber cross-sectional area

Answer

Reduced muscle endurance

Answer

Impaired muscle recovery

Answer

Decreased muscle strength

Question 6

What is the primary function of the respiratory system during exercise?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the environment

Answer

To produce hormones essential for exercise performance

Answer

To regulate body fluid balance

Answer

To filter and remove waste products

Question 7

Which of the following is a recognized benefit of regular physical exercise?

Accepted Answer

Reduced risk of chronic non-communicable diseases

Answer

Increased susceptibility to injury

Answer

Diminished cognitive function

Answer

Accelerated muscle loss

Question 8

What is the primary role of the nervous system in exercise physiology?

Accepted Answer

To control and coordinate muscle contractions

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Answer

To transport oxygen to muscles

Answer

To provide energy for muscle activity

Question 9

Which of the following is the primary function of the circulatory system during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Transport oxygen and nutrients to active muscles while removing waste products

Answer

Regulate body temperature

Answer

Facilitate muscle contraction

Question 10

Which macronutrient serves as the primary fuel source for high-intensity exercise lasting less than 2 minutes?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Lipids

Question 11

The process by which ATP is resynthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate is known as:

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Electron transport chain

Answer

Creatine phosphate resynthesis

Question 12

The primary stimulus for physiological adaptations to exercise is:

Accepted Answer

Mechanical stress placed on the body

Answer

Increased neural activity alone

Answer

Hormonal changes alone

Answer

Improved nutrition alone

Question 13

Which of the following is a physiological response to acute exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Reduced respiratory rate

Answer

Lowered body temperature

Answer

Decreased blood pressure

Question 14

What is the definition of 'homeostasis' in the context of exercise physiology?

Accepted Answer

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes induced by exercise

Answer

The increase in muscle mass in response to training

Answer

The process of cellular respiration

Question 15

Which of the following is a recognized health benefit of regular exercise?

Accepted Answer

Improved cardiovascular health

Answer

Increased risk of chronic diseases

Answer

Impaired cognitive function

Answer

Reduced bone density

Question 16

Which of the following is a fundamental concept in physiology that refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Answer

Thermoregulation

Answer

Adaptation

Answer

Excitability

Question 17

During the initial stages of high-intensity exercise, which energy system is predominantly utilized by the body to meet its energy demands?

Accepted Answer

ATP-PCr

Answer

Glycogenolysis

Answer

Anaerobic glycolysis

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 18

Which neurotransmitter plays a central role in facilitating the initiation and coordination of muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Noradrenaline

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 19

Which muscle fiber type is characterized by a high oxidative capacity, enabling prolonged endurance activities?

Accepted Answer

Type I (Slow-twitch)

Answer

Type IIb (Fast-twitch, glycolytic)

Answer

Type IIx (Fast-twitch, glycolytic)

Answer

Type IIa (Fast-twitch, oxidative-glycolytic)

Question 20

The primary function of the respiratory system during exercise is to facilitate:

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Nutrient absorption

Answer

Hormone secretion

Answer

Temperature regulation

Question 21

Which of the following is a scientifically recognized health benefit associated with regular physical activity on the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease

Answer

Enhanced immune system

Answer

Increased bone density

Answer

Improved cognitive function

Question 22

In the context of exercise science, the ability of an individual to exert force against resistance is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Strength

Answer

Endurance

Answer

Power

Answer

Agility