Science and Society: Impact and Implications

Question 1

How has science positively influenced society?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced communication and information exchange

Accepted Answer

Improved healthcare and medical advancements

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Diminished natural resources

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Increased pollution and environmental damage

Question 2

Which scientific discovery revolutionized our understanding of Earth's place in the cosmos?

Accepted Answer

Copernican heliocentric model

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Newton's laws of motion

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Galileo's observations of Jupiter's moons

Question 3

How has science contributed to global connectivity?

Accepted Answer

Advancements in communication and internet technologies

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Exploration of space

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Development of medical devices

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Discovery of renewable energy sources

Question 4

What is a scientific law?

Accepted Answer

A general statement describing a natural phenomenon

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A specific observation or measurement

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A hypothesis supported by evidence

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A prediction about a future event

Question 5

The relationship between science and society can be described as:

Accepted Answer

Interconnected and mutually influential

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Distinct and independent realms

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Hierarchical, with science holding dominance

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Conflictual, with constant tension between them

Question 6

The primary purpose of the philosophy of science is to:

Accepted Answer

Examine the nature and methods of scientific inquiry.

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Formulate new scientific theories.

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Provide ethical guidance for scientists.

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Promote public understanding of science.

Question 7

A limitation of the scientific method is that it:

Accepted Answer

Can be susceptible to biases introduced by researchers.

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Is too complex and time-consuming to be practical.

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Cannot be applied to all disciplines of study.

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Leads to an overly simplistic view of the world.

Question 8

The impact of science on society is:

Accepted Answer

Complex and multifaceted.

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Linear and predictable.

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Easily controlled and managed.

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Exclusively negative.

Question 9

How does science literacy benefit individuals on a personal level?

Accepted Answer

All the aforementioned options

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Empowering them with informed decision-making

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Enhancing critical thinking capabilities

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Preparing them for careers in STEM

Question 10

How does public engagement and science communication help bridge the gap between scientific knowledge and public understanding?

Accepted Answer

Fosters appreciation for scientific inquiry and methods

Accepted Answer

Increases public trust in scientific institutions

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Eliminates skepticism towards scientific findings

Question 11

Science has significantly advanced medicine. Which of the following is an example of a positive impact of science on health?

Accepted Answer

Development of vaccines

Answer

Increased global mortality rates

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Environmental pollution

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Antibiotic resistance

Question 12

The development of nuclear weapons illustrates the potential:

Accepted Answer

Ethical implications of science

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Accelerated scientific progress

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Benefits of genetic engineering

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Declining role of religion

Question 13

Which of the following is a key characteristic of scientific knowledge?

Accepted Answer

Provisional and subject to revision

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Absolute certainty

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Based on personal beliefs

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Uninfluenced by cultural biases

Question 14

The belief that science can address all of society's issues is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Technological optimism

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Scientific determinism

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Scientific skepticism

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Epistemological humility

Question 15

Which philosophical perspective emphasizes the significance of observation and experimentation in scientific inquiry?

Accepted Answer

Empiricism

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Rationalism

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Idealism

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Existentialism

Question 16

How does skepticism in science promote critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

By encouraging the questioning of assumptions

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By fostering blind trust in authority figures

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By accepting all claims without evidence

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By suppressing dissenting viewpoints

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT considered a positive impact of science on society?

Accepted Answer

Environmental degradation

Answer

Improved healthcare

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Technological advancements

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Increased lifespan

Question 18

The development of the scientific method has led to:

Accepted Answer

Enhanced objectivity in acquiring knowledge

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Unquestionable scientific truths

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Increased emphasis on faith

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The termination of scientific inquiry

Question 19

A fundamental characteristic of a scientific theory is:

Accepted Answer

Reliance on empirical evidence

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Universal acceptance by all scientists

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Absolute and immutable nature

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Proof through mathematical equations

Question 20

Pseudoscience refers to:

Accepted Answer

Beliefs lacking scientific support

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Scientific theories proven false

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Scientific theories still under investigation

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Scientific theories conflicting with religious beliefs

Question 21

An example of a social construction in science is:

Accepted Answer

The concept of race

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The theory of evolution

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The speed of light

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The existence of atoms

Question 22

What strategy is LEAST likely to promote scientific literacy?

Accepted Answer

Using technical language without explaining it clearly.

Answer

Using clear language to explain complex scientific ideas.

Answer

Using interactive demonstrations to show scientific principles.

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Including different viewpoints to make science more inclusive.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a positive consequence of science on society?

Accepted Answer

Increased poverty

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Improved healthcare

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Economic growth

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Technological advancements

Question 24

How has science influenced ethical considerations in society?

Accepted Answer

Introducing ethical dilemmas related to scientific advancements

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Providing clear-cut ethical guidelines

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Irrelevant to ethical decision-making

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Dictating moral values for society

Question 25

A key aspect of the relationship between science and religion is:

Accepted Answer

Tension and conflict

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Complete harmony

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Mutual indifference

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Absolute integration

Question 26

A characteristic of scientific inquiry is:

Accepted Answer

Objectivity and reliance on evidence

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Subjectivity and personal biases

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Dependence on intuition

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Disregard for empirical data

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a potential negative impact of science on society?

Accepted Answer

Reduced superstition and increased skepticism

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Diminished cultural diversity

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Increased social inequality and marginalization

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Environmental degradation and climate change

Question 28

Which idea is central to the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK)?

Accepted Answer

Scientific knowledge is constructed and shaped by social and cultural factors, not solely by empirical evidence.

Answer

Scientists are infallible and their findings are always universally accepted.

Answer

Science is an objective and value-free pursuit of truth.

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Science has no impact on societal values or beliefs.

Question 29

The development of the atomic bomb underscores the potential of science for:

Accepted Answer

Both beneficial and harmful consequences, depending on its application.

Answer

Only harmful consequences, such as mass destruction and environmental catastrophes.

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Neither beneficial nor harmful consequences, as science is neutral in its impact.

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Only beneficial consequences, such as advancements in medical technologies.

Question 30

Which of the following best exemplifies a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

The theory of evolution by natural selection, which is supported by a vast body of empirical evidence.

Answer

The idea that all swans are white, which is a generalization that may not hold true in all cases.

Answer

The existence of God, which is a matter of religious faith.

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The belief that the Earth is flat, which has been conclusively disproven by scientific research.

Question 31

The concept of technological determinism suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Technological advancements inevitably drive social and cultural change, shaping the way we live.

Answer

Social and cultural factors alone determine technological development, without any influence from technology.

Answer

Technology is neutral and has no significant impact on society.

Question 32

A primary ethical consideration when conducting scientific research involving human subjects is:

Accepted Answer

Obtaining informed consent, ensuring that participants understand and voluntarily agree to participate.

Answer

Intellectual property rights, protecting the ownership and use of research findings.

Answer

Data privacy, safeguarding the confidentiality and security of participant information.

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Environmental sustainability, minimizing the ecological impact of research activities.

Question 33

A key characteristic of the scientific method is:

Accepted Answer

Reliance on empirical evidence, rather than personal beliefs or subjective experiences.

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Resistance to change and new ideas.

Answer

Emphasis on intuition and authoritative sources.

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Acceptance of all ideas without critical evaluation.

Question 34

Logical positivism, a philosophical approach to science, emphasizes the:

Accepted Answer

Importance of verifying scientific claims through empirical observation and experimentation.

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Influence of social and cultural factors in shaping scientific theories.

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Inherent existence of absolute and unchanging truth.

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Subjectivity and personal experiences as valid sources of scientific knowledge.

Question 35

A challenge to the assumption of scientific objectivity arises from the recognition that:

Accepted Answer

Scientists' values, beliefs, and biases can influence their research and interpretations.

Answer

Science is immune to political and social pressures and influences.

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Scientific instruments are always perfectly accurate and free from error.

Question 36

Scientific literacy refers to:

Accepted Answer

The ability to comprehend and engage with science-related issues, making informed decisions based on scientific knowledge.

Answer

Possessing a comprehensive knowledge of all scientific facts and theories.

Answer

Having the skills to conduct original scientific research.

Question 37

Which of the following is a widely acknowledged positive impact of scientific advancements on society?

Accepted Answer

Improved medical treatments and overall healthcare

Answer

Exacerbation of social inequalities

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Increased pollution levels

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Decline of traditional values and beliefs

Question 38

How has scientific progress transformed our communication capabilities?

Accepted Answer

Mobile phones, the internet, and other modern technologies

Answer

Sign language and non-verbal communication

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The written word and traditional forms of communication

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Television and radio broadcasting

Question 39

In what way have scientific discoveries shaped our understanding of the natural world?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary theory and the concept of natural selection

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Traditional beliefs and cultural narratives

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Religious doctrines and beliefs

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Ancient myths and legends

Question 40

Give an example of how scientific knowledge and research have been applied to enhance societal well-being.

Accepted Answer

Vaccines and immunization programs

Answer

Traditional practices and folk remedies

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Religious teachings and spiritual practices

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Political ideologies and social movements

Question 41

How has the continuous advancement of technology impacted the job market and employment trends?

Accepted Answer

Automation and the creation of new job opportunities

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No significant impact on the job market or employment

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Solely reduced wages and decreased job security

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Solely increased unemployment and economic decline

Question 42

Which ethical principle is frequently discussed in relation to the responsible use of science and technology?

Accepted Answer

Precautionary principle and the anticipation of potential risks

Answer

National security and political interests

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Profit motive and economic considerations

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Religious beliefs and moral doctrines

Question 43

How has science influenced our understanding of our place and significance within the universe?

Accepted Answer

Copernican revolution and the heliocentric model

Answer

Scientific method and the process of inquiry

Answer

Newtonian physics and the laws of motion

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Quantum mechanics and the uncertainty principle

Question 44

Identify a potential negative consequence of scientific advancements and technological progress.

Accepted Answer

Environmental degradation and pollution

Answer

Reduced poverty levels

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Improved healthcare outcomes

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Increased literacy rates

Question 45

In what way has science influenced the decision-making processes of individuals and societies?

Accepted Answer

Data analysis, evidence-based reasoning, and critical thinking

Answer

Religious teachings and divine guidance

Answer

Superstitions and beliefs

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Emotional responses and subjective biases

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a positive impact of science on society?

Accepted Answer

Increased superstition

Answer

Enhanced understanding of the natural world

Answer

Technological advancements

Answer

Improved healthcare

Question 47

The Haber-Bosch process, a scientific advancement, has led primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Increased food production

Answer

Depletion of fossil fuels

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Nuclear proliferation

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Climate change

Question 48

The development of antibiotics exemplifies the use of science to primarily:

Accepted Answer

Combat disease

Answer

Explore space

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Predict the weather

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Create weapons

Question 49

Scientific literacy primarily refers to:

Accepted Answer

Understanding and applying scientific knowledge

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Conducting scientific experiments

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Memorizing scientific facts

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Reading scientific journals

Question 50

A key criticism of the scientific method is that it:

Accepted Answer

Can be subject to biases

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Is too slow

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Is only applicable to physical sciences

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Is too expensive

Question 51

The relationship between science and technology can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

Interdependent

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Antagonistic

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Independent

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Unrelated

Question 52

Scientific collaboration offers, among others, the key benefit of:

Accepted Answer

Sharing knowledge and resources

Answer

Reduced funding

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Slower progress

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Increased competition

Question 53

The impact of science on society is complex and multifaceted. How can we ensure that science is predominantly used for the benefit of humanity?

Accepted Answer

Through ethical guidelines and responsible decision-making

Answer

By restricting scientific research

Answer

By focusing solely on positive science