Cyber Threats and Vulnerabilities: Test Your Knowledge

Question 1

To protect your personal devices from malware, which of the following is an effective measure?

Accepted Answer

Install and regularly update antivirus software

Answer

Disable software updates to prevent malicious updates

Answer

Open email attachments from unknown senders

Answer

Use weak passwords that are easy to remember

Question 2

Which emerging cybersecurity threat leverages artificial intelligence for sophisticated attacks?

Accepted Answer

AI-powered cyberattacks

Answer

Ransomware

Answer

Phishing

Answer

Spam

Question 3

What is the primary function of a firewall in cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

To regulate data flow between a computer network and the internet

Answer

To detect and block malicious software

Answer

To encrypt data transmitted over a network

Answer

To back up data in case of system failure

Question 4

What role does cryptography play in cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

Encrypting data to protect it from unauthorized access

Answer

Detecting and blocking malicious software

Answer

Controlling data flow between computer networks

Answer

Backing up data in case of system failure

Question 5

What is the term for individuals or groups that engage in cyber attacks for criminal or malicious purposes?

Accepted Answer

Cybercriminal

Answer

Hacker

Answer

Spammer

Answer

Phisher

Question 6

A company has been experiencing a rise in phishing attacks. Which cybersecurity measure is most effective in countering this specific threat?

Accepted Answer

Anti-phishing software

Answer

Firewalls

Answer

Intrusion detection systems (IDS)

Question 7

Which of the following is a type of malware that encrypts files and demands a ransom for their release?

Accepted Answer

Ransomware

Answer

Virus

Answer

Worm

Answer

Spam

Question 8

What is the primary objective of a phishing attack?

Accepted Answer

To steal sensitive information such as passwords or credit card numbers

Answer

To disrupt computer systems by overwhelming them with traffic

Answer

To spread malware by tricking users into downloading infected files

Answer

To gain unauthorized access to networks and steal data

Question 9

What is the main purpose of antivirus software?

Accepted Answer

To detect, quarantine, and remove malicious software from a computer system

Answer

To protect against phishing attacks by identifying and blocking malicious websites and emails

Answer

To block unauthorized access to networks by monitoring and filtering incoming and outgoing network traffic

Answer

To back up important files and data in case of system failure or data loss

Question 10

How does encryption contribute to cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

It makes data unreadable to unauthorized users, protecting sensitive information from theft or misuse

Answer

It prevents malware from infecting systems by encrypting files and making them inaccessible to malicious code

Answer

It blocks phishing attacks by encrypting emails and making them unreadable to potential victims

Answer

It detects and removes hacking attempts by monitoring network traffic for suspicious activity

Question 11

Which UK government agency is primarily responsible for cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC)

Answer

Ministry of Defence

Answer

National Crime Agency

Answer

Security Service

Question 12

What is the key difference between a worm and a virus?

Accepted Answer

Worms are self-replicating and can spread independently, while viruses require a host program or file to replicate

Answer

Viruses are self-replicating and can spread independently, while worms require a host program or file to replicate

Answer

Worms are more destructive than viruses

Answer

Viruses are more widespread than worms

Question 13

What is the main function of a firewall in cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

To block unauthorized access to a network or system by filtering incoming and outgoing traffic

Answer

To detect and remove malware by scanning files and programs for malicious code

Answer

To encrypt data to protect it from unauthorized access or interception

Answer

To back up important files and data in case of system failure or data loss

Question 14

Which option is NOT considered a type of malware?

Accepted Answer

Spam

Answer

Virus

Answer

Trojan horse

Answer

Worm

Question 15

What is the primary objective of a phishing attack?

Accepted Answer

Stealing sensitive information

Answer

Disrupting computer systems

Answer

Spreading viruses

Answer

Defacing websites

Question 16

What is the main function of a firewall?

Accepted Answer

Filtering incoming and outgoing network traffic

Answer

Protecting computers from viruses

Answer

Detecting and removing malware

Answer

Encrypting data

Question 17

Which of the following is a recommended practice for creating secure passwords?

Accepted Answer

Creating strong and unique passwords

Answer

Using the same password for multiple accounts

Answer

Choosing short and simple passwords

Answer

Reusing passwords that have been compromised

Question 18

What term describes a cyberattack that floods a website or online service with excessive traffic?

Accepted Answer

Denial-of-service attack

Answer

Malware attack

Answer

Phishing attack

Answer

Hacking attack

Question 19

What is the name of a software program that scans computers for the presence of malware?

Accepted Answer

Antivirus software

Answer

Firewall

Answer

Intrusion detection system

Answer

Spam filter

Question 20

To minimize the risk of phishing attacks, which organizational measure is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Provide thorough employee training on phishing awareness

Answer

Disable two-factor authentication

Answer

Permit the use of weak passwords

Answer

Ignore software updates

Question 21

Malware, such as viruses, can cause significant harm to computer systems. Which of the following is NOT a common type of malware?

Accepted Answer

Firewall

Answer

Virus

Answer

Trojan Horse

Answer

Worm

Question 22

Phishing scams attempt to obtain personal information by:

Accepted Answer

Sending deceptive emails to trick users into revealing sensitive data

Answer

Hacking into computer systems to steal data

Answer

Installing malware on a victim's computer

Answer

Denying access to legitimate websites

Question 23

Which security measure is designed to prevent unauthorized access to computer networks and resources?

Accepted Answer

Firewalls

Answer

Encryption

Answer

Two-factor authentication

Answer

Anti-malware software

Question 24

An intrusion detection system (IDS) in cybersecurity serves to:

Accepted Answer

Detect and alert to unauthorized access attempts

Answer

Block unauthorized access to computer systems

Answer

Encrypt sensitive data

Answer

Scan for and remove malware

Question 25

A honeypot in cybersecurity is used to:

Accepted Answer

Lure and monitor malicious actors

Answer

Store sensitive data securely

Answer

Encrypt communications

Answer

Prevent unauthorized access to computer systems

Question 26

When responding to a cybersecurity incident, the initial step should be to:

Accepted Answer

Assess the scope and impact of the incident

Answer

Contact law enforcement authorities

Answer

Start taking steps to resolve the issue

Answer

Inform customers and stakeholders

Question 27

Which of the following is not a common type of malware that can infect a computer?

Accepted Answer

Phishing

Answer

Virus

Answer

Trojan

Answer

Adware

Question 28

What is the primary objective of phishing attacks?

Accepted Answer

To steal confidential information

Answer

To disrupt system operations

Answer

To gain access to financial accounts

Answer

To spread viruses

Question 29

What is the key distinction between a computer virus and a worm?

Accepted Answer

A virus requires a host program to spread, while a worm is self-propagating

Answer

A worm requires a host program to spread, while a virus is self-propagating

Answer

A virus is generally more damaging than a worm

Answer

A worm is generally more damaging than a virus

Question 30

What is the initial step in responding to a cybersecurity incident?

Accepted Answer

Identifying the nature of the threat

Answer

Isolating affected systems

Answer

Notifying the authorities

Answer

Backing up data

Question 31

What is the primary purpose of deploying a honeypot in a cybersecurity context?

Accepted Answer

Attracting attackers to collect information

Answer

Preventing unauthorized access

Answer

Monitoring network activity

Answer

Detecting and responding to malware

Question 32

Which type of malware encrypts files and demands payment to restore access?

Accepted Answer

Ransomware

Answer

Virus

Answer

Trojan

Answer

Worm

Question 33

What is the main objective of phishing attacks?

Accepted Answer

To steal sensitive information

Answer

To disrupt computer systems

Answer

To extort money

Answer

To spread malicious software

Question 34

Which common web application vulnerability allows attackers to inject malicious SQL queries?

Accepted Answer

SQL injection

Answer

Cross-site scripting (XSS)

Answer

Buffer overflow

Answer

Denial-of-service (DoS)

Question 35

What is the primary function of a firewall?

Accepted Answer

Control network traffic flow

Answer

Detect and block malicious software

Answer

Encrypt sensitive data

Answer

Perform security assessments

Question 36

What are some potential consequences of a major data breach for a company?

Accepted Answer

Financial losses

Accepted Answer

Reputational damage

Accepted Answer

Legal implications

Answer

Increased productivity

Question 37

What is the primary objective of a phishing attack?

Accepted Answer

To obtain sensitive information

Answer

To spread malware

Answer

To disrupt network operations

Answer

To modify data

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a prevalent type of malware?

Accepted Answer

Firewall

Answer

Virus

Answer

Worm

Answer

Ransomware

Question 39

What term defines the unlawful intrusion and manipulation of computer systems for malicious purposes?

Accepted Answer

Hacking

Answer

Phishing

Answer

Malware

Answer

Vulnerability

Question 40

How do firewalls contribute to preventing cyber threats?

Accepted Answer

Blocking unauthorized access to networks

Answer

Detecting and eliminating malware

Answer

Encrypting sensitive data

Answer

Backing up critical data

Question 41

What is the purpose of ethical hacking?

Accepted Answer

To identify and resolve vulnerabilities before they are exploited by cybercriminals

Answer

To steal information or disrupt systems

Answer

To evaluate the robustness of cybersecurity measures

Answer

To gain unauthorized access to networks

Question 42

What is the primary objective of a vulnerability assessment?

Accepted Answer

To identify and prioritize security weaknesses

Answer

To detect and remove malware

Answer

To implement cybersecurity solutions

Answer

To educate employees on cybersecurity awareness

Question 43

Which type of malware encrypts files and demands a ransom payment to decrypt them?

Accepted Answer

Ransomware

Answer

Trojan

Answer

Spyware

Answer

Adware

Question 44

What is the name of the fraudulent technique involving emails that trick recipients into revealing sensitive information?

Accepted Answer

Phishing

Answer

Smishing

Answer

Malware

Answer

Vishing

Question 45

Which of the following allows an attacker to gain unauthorized access to a computer system by exploiting a flaw in the software?

Accepted Answer

Zero-day exploit

Answer

Brute force attack

Answer

SQL injection

Answer

Malware

Question 46

What is a key step in protecting against malware infections?

Accepted Answer

Install and maintain updated antivirus software

Answer

Disable security updates

Answer

Open suspicious email attachments

Question 47

What is the primary function of a firewall?

Accepted Answer

To monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic

Answer

To back up files

Answer

To encrypt data

Answer

To detect and remove malware

Question 48

Which of the following is considered a non-cyber threat?

Accepted Answer

Natural disaster

Answer

Phishing

Answer

Malware

Question 49

Which organization in the United Kingdom is dedicated to cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC)

Answer

Europol

Answer

MI5

Answer

GCHQ

Question 50

Which password practice enhances security?

Accepted Answer

Using a combination of different types of characters (e.g., uppercase, lowercase, numbers, symbols)

Answer

Using common words

Answer

Repeating the same character multiple times

Question 51

What is the main benefit of multi-factor authentication?

Accepted Answer

Adding an additional layer of security by requiring multiple verification methods

Answer

Simplifying the login process

Answer

Making passwords more memorable