Energy and Ecosystems: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Biology Year 12

Question 1

How do decomposers contribute to nutrient cycling and ecosystem sustainability?

Accepted Answer

Decomposers break down organic matter, releasing nutrients that plants can absorb and use.

Answer

Decomposers produce organic matter that is used by other organisms.

Answer

Decomposers control populations by consuming other organisms.

Question 2

How does nutrient recycling contribute to the health of ecosystems and support plant growth?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient cycling releases nutrients from organic matter, making them available for plants to absorb and use for growth.

Answer

Nutrient cycling removes nutrients from the ecosystem, leading to nutrient depletion and reduced plant growth.

Answer

Nutrient cycling is primarily driven by human activities, such as fertilizer use, which directly provides nutrients to plants.

Question 3

What ethical principles should guide human interactions with ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Humans have an ethical obligation to protect ecosystems and ensure their sustainable use for present and future generations.

Answer

Exploiting ecosystems for short-term human benefit, even if it harms future generations, is acceptable.

Answer

Human needs should be prioritized over the needs of other species, using ecosystems primarily for human benefit.

Answer

Humans can act in ecosystems without considering ethical implications because ecosystems exist primarily for human benefit.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a direct product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

ATP

Answer

NADPH

Answer

Oxygen

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a stage in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Krebs cycle

Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 6

Which factor does NOT directly influence the rate of photosynthesis at the cellular level?

Accepted Answer

pH of the soil

Answer

Light intensity

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Availability of carbon dioxide

Question 7

Which of the following does NOT influence the rate of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Wind Speed

Answer

Light intensity

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Availability of Carbon Dioxide

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

ATP

Answer

NADPH

Question 9

Which of the following does NOT directly impact the rate of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Humidity

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Light intensity

Answer

Carbon dioxide concentration

Question 10

Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Answer

Carotenoids

Answer

Phycobilins

Answer

Anthocyanins

Question 11

Which of the following is a product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Accepted Answer

NADPH

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Glucose

Question 12

Within an ecosystem, which organisms are responsible for producing their own food through photosynthesis, serving as the primary energy source?

Accepted Answer

Producers

Answer

Consumers

Answer

Decomposers

Answer

Nutrient cyclers

Question 13

What term describes the stepwise transfer of energy from one organism to the next through the consumption of food?

Accepted Answer

Food chain

Answer

Energy flow

Answer

Trophic pyramid

Answer

Ecological succession

Question 14

In an ecosystem, which organisms play a vital role in breaking down dead organisms and recycling nutrients back into the environment?

Accepted Answer

Decomposers

Answer

Producers

Answer

Consumers

Answer

Nutrient cyclers

Question 15

In an ecosystem, what serves as a graphical representation of the amount of energy available at each trophic level?

Accepted Answer

Energy pyramid

Answer

Population pyramid

Answer

Biodiversity index

Answer

Carrying capacity

Question 16

Which process involves the breakdown of glucose to release energy for cellular activities?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Fermentation

Question 17

The transfer of energy from the sun to organisms through a series of feeding relationships is known as:

Accepted Answer

Food chain

Answer

Nutrient cycle

Answer

Energy pyramid

Answer

Population growth

Question 18

The process by which nitrogen from the atmosphere is converted into a form usable by plants is called:

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen fixation

Answer

Nitrification

Answer

Denitrification

Answer

Ammonification

Question 19

The scientific theory that explains the origin of life on Earth is known as:

Accepted Answer

Abiogenesis

Answer

Evolution

Answer

Natural selection

Answer

Genetics

Question 20

Which of the following gases contributes to the greenhouse effect?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Nitrogen

Answer

Helium

Question 21

The process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose is known as:

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Nutrient cycling

Question 22

The process by which organisms break down organic matter to release energy is called:

Accepted Answer

Respiration

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Nutrient cycling

Question 23

Which equation represents the net reaction for cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy

Answer

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

Answer

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Answer

C₆H₁₂O₆ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy

Question 24

Which of the following is not a living component (biotic factor) within an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Water

Answer

Producers

Answer

Consumers

Answer

Decomposers

Question 25

An organism that consumes other organisms and is one level higher than primary consumers on the food chain is classified as a:

Accepted Answer

Fox

Answer

Grass

Answer

Rabbit

Answer

Hawk

Question 26

What is the distinction between gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP)?

Accepted Answer

GPP is the total amount of photosynthesis, while NPP is the amount available to consumers

Answer

GPP includes respiration, while NPP does not

Answer

NPP includes respiration, while GPP does not

Answer

GPP is the amount available to consumers, while NPP is the total amount of photosynthesis

Question 27

How do human activities primarily influence ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

We can cause disruptions and alter ecosystem dynamics

Answer

We act as keystone species, maintaining ecosystem balance

Answer

We have minimal to no impact on ecosystems

Answer

We are the sole species capable of influencing ecosystems

Question 28

Which of the following processes allows autotrophs to capture and store energy from sunlight?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Glycolysis

Question 29

What is the primary role of decomposers within an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

To decompose organic matter

Answer

To produce organic matter

Answer

To consume primary producers

Answer

To fix nitrogen

Question 30

Through which process do plants release oxygen into the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Glycolysis

Question 31

In which organelle does photosynthesis primarily occur in plants?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Ribosome

Question 32

Which product is formed during anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Lactate

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Question 33

What does the term 'climax community' describe?

Accepted Answer

A stable and mature ecosystem community

Answer

An early stage of ecological succession

Answer

A community dominated by pioneer species

Answer

A community that is continuously changing

Question 34

Which sequence correctly represents the stages of ecological succession?

Accepted Answer

Pioneer community, Seral community, Secondary community, Climax community

Answer

Pioneer community, Climax community, Secondary community, Seral community

Answer

Climax community, Pioneer community, Secondary community, Seral community

Answer

Seral community, Climax community, Pioneer community, Secondary community

Question 35

Which of the following is not a product of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Water

Question 36

What is the main function of ATP and NADPH in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

To provide energy and reducing power for the conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose

Answer

To generate oxygen and release energy

Answer

To transport electrons and protons across the thylakoid membrane

Answer

To regulate the opening and closing of stomata

Question 37

What is the primary purpose of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

To produce pyruvate for further metabolism

Answer

To generate ATP directly

Answer

To reduce NAD+ to NADH

Answer

To release carbon dioxide

Question 38

What is the primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

To break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients

Answer

To produce food for primary consumers

Answer

To regulate the population of herbivores

Answer

To provide shelter for other organisms

Question 39

Which of the following processes in an ecosystem does NOT involve the release of energy?

Accepted Answer

Nitrification

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Aerobic respiration

Answer

Decomposition

Question 40

Which of these is NOT a macronutrient essential for plant growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Answer

Nitrogen

Answer

Phosphorus

Answer

Potassium

Question 41

What is the term for the breakdown of organic matter into simpler substances, a process carried out by decomposers?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Nitrification

Answer

Denitrification

Question 42

What is the term for the transfer of energy from one organism to another through consumption?

Accepted Answer

Trophic transfer

Answer

Energy conversion

Answer

Nutrient cycling

Answer

Decomposition

Question 43

What is the term for the relationship between two organisms where one species benefits while the other is neither harmed nor helped?

Accepted Answer

Commensalism

Answer

Mutualism

Answer

Parasitism

Answer

Predator-prey

Question 44

Which of the following is a potential negative consequence of habitat destruction?

Accepted Answer

Reduced biodiversity

Answer

Enhanced plant growth

Answer

Increased predator-prey relationships

Answer

Improved soil quality

Question 45

What is the term for the process by which atmospheric nitrogen is transformed into a usable form for plants?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen fixation

Answer

Nitrification

Answer

Denitrification

Answer

Assimilation

Question 46

In the initial stage of photosynthesis, which pigment plays the primary role in capturing light energy and initiating its conversion into chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Answer

Chlorophyll b

Answer

Carotenoids

Answer

Phycoerythrin

Question 47

In an ecosystem, which organism group plays the primary producer role?

Accepted Answer

Plants

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Fungi

Answer

Animals

Question 48

What is the name of the process used by plants to convert light energy into chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Cellular Respiration

Question 49

Cellular respiration produces which gas as a byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Water

Answer

Oxygen

Question 50

Identify the carnivore in the following list:

Accepted Answer

Lion

Answer

Zebra

Answer

Grass

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT required for photosynthesis to occur?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Water

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Light energy

Question 52

Which process converts light energy into chemical energy in plants?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Glycolysis

Question 53

In a balanced ecosystem, what is the relationship between producers and consumers?

Accepted Answer

Consumers depend on producers for energy

Answer

Consumers produce their own energy

Answer

Producers and consumers are not directly connected

Answer

Producers outnumber consumers

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a stage in the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photolysis

Answer

Krebs cycle

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 55

Which of the following is a macronutrient required by plants in large quantities?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen

Answer

Iron

Answer

Manganese

Answer

Copper

Question 56

Which of the following is a characteristic of a mature, balanced ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Relatively stable species composition

Answer

Pioneer species are present

Answer

Rapid population growth

Answer

High levels of biodiversity

Question 57

Which of the following measures the rate of energy flow through an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Productivity

Answer

Population density

Answer

Biomass

Answer

Abundance

Question 58

In an ecosystem, which type of organism is responsible for converting sunlight into chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

Producers (e.g., green plants)

Answer

Scavengers (e.g., vultures)

Answer

Decomposers (e.g., bacteria and fungi)

Answer

Consumers (e.g., animals)

Question 59

What is the name of the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create food (glucose) and release oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Decomposition

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Transpiration

Question 60

Which gas is released as a waste product during cellular respiration, the process by which organisms break down food for energy?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Answer

Water vapor (H2O)

Answer

Nitrogen (N2)

Answer

Oxygen (O2)

Question 61

How efficient is the transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Only about 10% of the energy is transferred to the next level.

Answer

Around 50% of the energy is transferred to the next level.

Answer

Energy transfer is inefficient, but varies greatly between ecosystems.

Answer

Energy transfer is 100% efficient between trophic levels.

Question 62

Why is the cycling of nutrients within an ecosystem vital for its survival?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient cycling ensures a continuous supply of essential elements for all organisms.

Answer

Nutrient cycling helps prevent soil erosion.

Answer

Nutrient cycling directly supports human food production.

Answer

Nutrient cycling reduces the release of greenhouse gases.

Question 63

Which of the following are significant consequences of human activities on ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change

Answer

Increased biodiversity and ecosystem resilience

Answer

None of the above

Answer

Improved water quality and air purity

Question 64

What does a food web depict?

Accepted Answer

The interconnected feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem

Answer

The energy flow through a specific trophic level

Answer

The dominant species in a particular community

Answer

The stability and resilience of a specific ecosystem