Mendelian Genetics: Master the Fundamentals of Inheritance

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of Mendelian genetics?

Accepted Answer

Provides a complete and accurate explanation for all patterns of inheritance

Answer

Does not account for gene linkage

Answer

Does not consider environmental influences

Question 2

What is the genotype of an individual with blood type AB?

Accepted Answer

AB

Answer

AA

Answer

BB

Answer

AO

Question 3

A cross between a red flower plant (RR) and a white flower plant (rr) results in all pink flower plants (Rr). Which of the following terms best describes this pattern of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Answer

Codominance

Answer

Dominance

Answer

Multiple alleles

Question 4

The genotype of an individual with the blood type AB is:

Accepted Answer

AB

Answer

AA

Answer

Aa

Answer

BB

Question 5

A recessive allele is expressed only when:

Accepted Answer

It is present in both copies of a gene.

Answer

It is present in only one copy of a gene.

Answer

It is dominant over other alleles.

Answer

It is linked to another gene.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a test cross?

Accepted Answer

It can identify linked genes.

Answer

It involves crossing an individual with a recessive phenotype to a heterozygous individual.

Answer

It determines the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype.

Question 7

A dihybrid cross involves crossing individuals that are heterozygous for:

Accepted Answer

Two genes

Answer

One gene only

Answer

Three genes

Answer

Four genes

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a continuous variation?

Accepted Answer

Height

Answer

Eye colour

Answer

Blood type

Answer

Number of fingers

Question 9

The process by which genetic material is passed on from one generation to the next is called:

Accepted Answer

Inheritance

Answer

Selection

Answer

Adaptation

Answer

Mutation

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT classified as a type of mutation?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Insertion

Answer

Substitution

Question 11

Which term describes the observable physical or chemical characteristics of an organism?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Genotype

Answer

Allele

Answer

Gene

Question 12

When red flowers and white flowers result in pink flowers, this is an example of which genetic phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Answer

Complete dominance

Answer

Codominance

Answer

Multiple alleles

Question 13

When both parents are heterozygous for a particular trait, what is the probability of producing a homozygous offspring?

Accepted Answer

0.25

Answer

0.50

Answer

0.75

Answer

1.00

Question 14

Which of the following techniques is commonly used in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Microscope

Answer

Electromagnetic Radiation

Answer

Centrifuge

Question 15

What process describes the transmission of genetic material from one generation to the next?

Accepted Answer

Inheritance

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Recombination

Answer

Natural Selection

Question 16

Which characteristic is associated with a dominant allele?

Accepted Answer

Masks the effects of the recessive allele.

Answer

Only expressed in homozygous individuals.

Answer

Always lethal to the organism.

Answer

Only expressed in heterozygous individuals.

Question 17

A cross between two heterozygous individuals for a single gene will produce offspring with which genotype ratio?

Accepted Answer

1:2:1

Answer

1:1

Answer

3:1

Question 18

If a brown-eyed individual has a blue-eyed parent, what is the individual's genotype?

Accepted Answer

Bb

Answer

BB

Answer

bb

Question 19

Which trait expresses in heterozygous individuals?

Accepted Answer

Dominant allele

Answer

Recessive allele

Answer

Masked in heterozygous individuals

Answer

Only expresses in homozygous individuals

Question 20

The study of patterns of inheritance in families is known as:

Accepted Answer

Pedigree analysis

Answer

Cytogenetics

Answer

Molecular genetics

Question 21

In an individual with both dominant and recessive alleles for a trait, which allele will be expressed in the phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Dominant allele

Answer

Recessive allele

Answer

Both alleles

Question 22

Which of the following genotypes represents an individual homozygous for the recessive allele?

Accepted Answer

aa

Answer

AA

Answer

Aa

Question 23

How do environmental factors impact gene expression in Mendelian genetics?

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors can interact with genes to produce varying phenotypes.

Answer

Environmental factors have no influence on gene expression.

Answer

Environmental factors solely affect the phenotype, not the genotype.

Answer

Environmental factors always outweigh genes in determining phenotype.

Question 24

Which example demonstrates incomplete dominance, an exception to Mendelian genetics, resulting in an intermediate phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Crossing red and white snapdragons, producing pink offspring

Answer

Crossing tall and short pea plants, resulting in medium-height offspring

Answer

Crossing black and white dogs, producing gray offspring

Answer

Crossing homozygous tall and short pea plants, resulting in all tall offspring

Question 25

In a dihybrid cross, what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with both recessive traits?

Accepted Answer

0.25

Answer

0.5

Answer

0.75

Answer

1

Question 26

A gene whose expression is influenced by another gene is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Epistatic gene

Answer

Recessive gene

Answer

Dominant gene

Answer

Co-dominant gene

Question 27

Which allele is masked in an individual with a heterozygous genotype?

Accepted Answer

Recessive allele

Answer

Dominant allele

Answer

Co-dominant allele

Answer

Intermediate allele

Question 28

The study of inheritance patterns in specific populations is known as:

Accepted Answer

Population genetics

Answer

Human genetics

Answer

Medical genetics

Answer

Evolutionary genetics

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT one of Mendel's fundamental principles of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Law of Incomplete Dominance

Answer

Law of Segregation

Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer

Law of Dominance

Question 30

What is the primary purpose of a test cross?

Accepted Answer

To determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype.

Answer

To produce a new variety of plant or animal.

Answer

To investigate the inheritance of a specific trait.

Answer

To diagnose genetic illnesses.

Question 31

Which genotype represents an individual with both dominant alleles?

Accepted Answer

AA

Answer

Aa

Answer

aa

Answer

AA or Aa

Question 32

Which of the following is not one of Mendel's laws of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Law of Probability

Answer

Law of Segregation

Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer

Law of Dominance

Question 33

The observable characteristics of an organism are referred to as its:

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Genotype

Answer

Allele

Answer

Locus

Question 34

A gene mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Point mutation

Answer

Frameshift mutation

Answer

Silent mutation

Answer

Deletion mutation

Question 35

Identify the individual who carries one dominant and one recessive allele for a particular trait:

Accepted Answer

Aa

Answer

AA

Answer

aa

Question 36

Which of the following terms describes the observable characteristics of an individual's genetic makeup?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Allele

Answer

Genotype

Answer

Locus

Question 37

A condition in which an individual possesses a recessive allele for a particular trait but does not exhibit the corresponding phenotype is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous recessive

Answer

Homozygous dominant

Answer

Heterozygous dominant

Answer

Homozygous recessive

Question 38

An example of a codominant trait is:

Accepted Answer

Blood type

Answer

Eye colour

Answer

Height

Answer

Skin colour

Question 39

The genotype of an individual who is heterozygous for alleles A and B at two different loci is:

Accepted Answer

AaBb

Answer

AABB

Answer

aaBB

Answer

AAbb

Question 40

In a dihybrid cross, the probability of inheriting a specific combination of alleles from both parents is calculated by:

Accepted Answer

Multiplying the probabilities of inheriting each allele

Answer

Adding the probabilities of inheriting each allele

Answer

Subtracting the probabilities of inheriting each allele

Answer

Dividing the probabilities of inheriting each allele

Question 41

A cross between two individuals with the genotypes AaBb and AaBb is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Dihybrid cross

Answer

Monohybrid cross

Answer

Trihybrid cross

Answer

Backcross

Question 42

A Punnett square is primarily used to:

Accepted Answer

Predict the possible genotypes of offspring

Answer

Determine the probability of inheriting a particular trait

Answer

Map the location of genes on chromosomes

Answer

Identify the dominant and recessive alleles in a population

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of a trait that is inherited in a sex-linked manner?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia

Answer

Height

Answer

Eye color

Answer

Skin color

Question 44

Which of the following represents the genotype of an individual with one dominant allele (A) and one recessive allele (a) for a particular trait?

Accepted Answer

Aa

Answer

AA

Answer

aa

Answer

aA

Question 45

In a monohybrid cross, the probability of inheriting the dominant phenotype can be calculated by:

Accepted Answer

Square of the dominant allele frequency + 2 x dominant allele frequency x recessive allele frequency

Answer

Dominant allele frequency x recessive allele frequency

Question 46

Which of the following is a limitation of using Mendelian genetics to study inheritance?

Accepted Answer

It cannot account for the inheritance of polygenic traits

Answer

It cannot be used to study human traits

Answer

It requires large sample sizes

Answer

It only applies to plants

Question 47

The law of independent assortment states that:

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation

Answer

Genotypes of different genes are inherited independently

Answer

Alleles of the same gene assort independently during gamete formation

Question 48

The term 'allele' refers to:

Accepted Answer

Different forms of a gene that occupy the same locus on homologous chromosomes

Answer

Different genes located on the same chromosome

Answer

Mutations in a gene

Answer

Inherited characteristics