Structures: Master Structural Design Principles for Design and Technology

Question 1

Which force is not considered in structural analysis?

Accepted Answer

Gravitational force

Answer

Tensile force

Answer

Compressive force

Answer

Shear force

Question 2

In Design and Technology, what is the definition of stress?

Accepted Answer

Force per unit area acting on an object

Answer

Force applied to an object

Answer

Deformation of an object under load

Answer

Point at which a material fails

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a force that can induce stress in a structural component?

Accepted Answer

Gravity

Answer

Tension

Answer

Compression

Answer

Shear

Question 4

Which force is NOT typically considered in structural design?

Accepted Answer

Buoyancy

Answer

Tension

Answer

Compression

Answer

Shear

Question 5

Which material possesses the greatest yield strength?

Accepted Answer

Carbon fiber

Answer

Mild steel

Answer

Aluminum

Answer

Wood

Question 6

When choosing a material for a structural component that will experience repeated loading and unloading, which material property is crucial to consider?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue strength

Answer

Strength

Answer

Stiffness

Answer

Toughness

Question 7

Which of the following factors does NOT directly influence the yield strength of a material?

Accepted Answer

Density

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Grain size

Answer

Chemical composition

Question 8

In beam analysis, what does the moment at a given point along the beam indicate?

Accepted Answer

The tendency of the beam to bend at that point

Answer

The force causing the beam to bend at that point

Answer

The distance from that point to the beam's neutral axis

Question 9

Which property is not a key factor in determining the strength of a beam?

Accepted Answer

Material density

Answer

Beam length

Answer

Cross-sectional shape

Answer

Cross-sectional area

Question 10

Which force usually does not directly impact a structure?

Accepted Answer

Gravity

Answer

Tension

Answer

Compression

Answer

Shear

Question 11

When designing a beam that will be subjected to bending, which factor is most important in determining the shape of its cross-section?

Accepted Answer

Bending moment

Answer

Shear force

Answer

Deflection

Answer

Axial load

Question 12

In structural design, which material property indicates its ability to withstand permanent deformation under applied forces?

Accepted Answer

Yield strength

Answer

Tensile strength

Answer

Compressive strength

Answer

Shear strength

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a type of structural failure mode?

Accepted Answer

Corrosion

Answer

Brittle failure

Answer

Ductile failure

Answer

Fatigue failure

Question 14

Which material property measures a material's ability to resist permanent deformation under stress?

Accepted Answer

Yield strength

Answer

Tensile strength

Answer

Elastic modulus

Answer

Shear strength

Question 15

Which type of structural failure happens abruptly, causing the structure to instantly lose its load-bearing capacity?

Accepted Answer

Brittle failure

Answer

Elastic failure

Answer

Ductile failure

Answer

Plastic failure

Question 16

What is the definition of yield strength?

Accepted Answer

The amount of stress a material can withstand before it starts to deform permanently.

Answer

The maximum stress a material can withstand before it breaks.

Answer

The amount of strain a material can withstand before it starts to deform permanently.

Answer

The amount of strain a material can withstand before it breaks.

Question 17

When choosing a structural system for a particular application, which factors are most important to consider?

Accepted Answer

Loading type, span length, and architectural requirements

Answer

Loading type only

Answer

Span length only

Answer

Architectural requirements only

Question 18

How do construction methods and techniques affect the choices made in structural design, including the selection of structural systems, materials, and detailing?

Accepted Answer

Construction practices significantly influence the selection of structural systems, material choices, and detailing of structures.

Answer

Construction practices only impact the detailing and material selection of structures.

Answer

Construction practices have no impact on structural design decisions.

Answer

Construction practices primarily determine the material selection for structures.

Question 19

How do the shape and purpose of a building affect the structural design choices made by architects and engineers?

Accepted Answer

The form and function of a building significantly influence its structural requirements, as different shapes and intended uses demand unique structural solutions.

Answer

The structural design of a building is only determined by the materials used in its construction.

Answer

Architectural design and structural design are completely separate disciplines with no overlap.

Answer

Structural design is a rigid discipline with no room for creativity or adaptation to different architectural designs.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a type of force that can act on a structure?

Accepted Answer

Centripetal force

Answer

Tension

Answer

Compression

Answer

Shear

Question 21

What is the formula for calculating moment?

Accepted Answer

Force multiplied by the distance from the point of application to the neutral axis

Answer

Stress multiplied by strain

Answer

Load multiplied by area

Answer

Power multiplied by time

Question 22

What is the definition of the factor of safety?

Accepted Answer

The ratio of the allowable stress to the actual stress in a structure

Answer

The ratio of the actual stress to the allowable stress in a structure

Answer

The ratio of the load to the strength of a structure

Answer

The ratio of the strength to the load on a structure

Question 23

A truss is a structure specifically designed to resist:

Accepted Answer

Compression and tension

Answer

Shear and bending

Answer

Torsion and buckling

Answer

Axial and radial forces

Question 24

The factor of safety for a structure is defined as the:

Accepted Answer

Ratio of the maximum load the structure can withstand to the design load

Answer

Ratio of the design load to the maximum load the structure can withstand

Answer

Difference between the maximum load and the design load

Answer

Maximum load the structure can withstand

Question 25

The design load for a structure is the:

Accepted Answer

Load that the structure is designed to withstand with a specified factor of safety

Answer

Actual load that the structure will be subjected to during normal operation

Answer

Maximum load that the structure can withstand without failure

Answer

Minimum load that the structure can withstand without collapse

Question 26

The ultimate tensile strength of a material is defined as the:

Accepted Answer

Maximum stress a material can withstand before it fails in tension

Answer

Minimum stress a material can withstand before it fails in tension

Answer

Stress at which a material begins to yield in tension

Answer

Stress at which a material permanently deforms in tension

Question 27

Which sustainable design principle prioritizes using materials with minimal environmental impact in structural engineering?

Accepted Answer

Material selection

Answer

Structural integrity

Answer

Energy efficiency

Answer

Cost-effectiveness

Question 28

During the structural design process, which stage involves refining the design to optimize cost, performance, and sustainability?

Accepted Answer

Detailed design

Answer

Conceptual design

Answer

Preliminary design

Answer

Construction documentation

Question 29

Which factor does NOT directly affect the structural integrity of a structure?

Accepted Answer

Aesthetic considerations

Answer

Material properties

Answer

Structural geometry

Answer

Loading conditions

Question 30

Which primary structural element transfers loads directly to the ground?

Accepted Answer

Foundation

Answer

Beam

Answer

Column

Answer

Slab

Question 31

Identify the type of beam that is supported at one end only.

Accepted Answer

Cantilever beam

Answer

Simply supported beam

Answer

Continuous beam

Answer

Fixed beam

Question 32

What is the primary purpose of a truss in structural design?

Accepted Answer

To distribute loads using triangulation

Answer

To enhance structural rigidity

Answer

To reduce material usage

Answer

To improve aesthetic appeal

Question 33

When a beam is subjected to a bending moment, it experiences:

Accepted Answer

Tensile stress on its top surface and compressive stress on its bottom surface

Answer

Compressive stress throughout its cross-section

Answer

Shear stress concentrated at its neutral axis

Answer

Uniform stress distribution across its entire cross-section

Question 34

Young's modulus is a material property that represents its:

Accepted Answer

Stiffness or resistance to deformation

Answer

Strength or ability to withstand forces

Answer

Ductility or ability to undergo plastic deformation

Answer

Density or mass per unit volume

Question 35

The buckling of a column is primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

Excessive axial compression forces acting on the column

Answer

Bending moments applied to the column's axis

Answer

Shear forces exceeding the column's capacity

Answer

Torsional stresses induced in the column

Question 36

Which of the following stresses is caused by a force acting parallel to the surface of a material?

Accepted Answer

Shear stress

Answer

Tensile stress

Answer

Compressive stress

Answer

Bending stress

Question 37

The factor of safety is used to:

Accepted Answer

Incorporate a margin of error in design to account for uncertainties

Answer

Reduce the strength of a structure

Answer

Increase the load-bearing capacity of a structure

Answer

Determine the maximum allowable stress in a material

Question 38

Which of the following materials has the highest strength-to-weight ratio?

Accepted Answer

High-strength steel

Answer

Concrete

Answer

Wood

Answer

Brick

Question 39

The process of determining the forces and stresses within a structure is known as:

Accepted Answer

Structural analysis

Answer

Structural design

Answer

Stress analysis

Answer

Moment analysis

Question 40

Which of the following is a key principle of structural design?

Accepted Answer

Minimize material usage while ensuring structural integrity

Answer

Maximize material usage to ensure maximum strength

Answer

Use as many different materials as possible

Answer

Ignore environmental factors

Question 41

The collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge was primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

Resonance induced by wind-induced vibrations

Answer

Insufficient structural strength

Answer

Poor material quality

Answer

Inadequate design

Question 42

A cantilever beam is supported at one end and free at the other. Which type of stress is most likely to occur at the fixed end?

Accepted Answer

Bending stress

Answer

Tensile stress

Answer

Compressive stress

Answer

Shear stress

Question 43

What is the primary purpose of a gusset plate in a truss?

Accepted Answer

To connect truss members

Answer

To increase the load-carrying capacity

Answer

To prevent buckling

Answer

It serves no structural purpose

Question 44

Which force type does NOT affect structures?

Accepted Answer

Buoyancy

Answer

Tension

Answer

Compression

Answer

Shear

Question 45

How does stress relate to strain in materials?

Accepted Answer

Directly proportional

Answer

Inversely proportional

Answer

Independent

Answer

Indirectly proportional

Question 46

Which beam type best resists bending?

Accepted Answer

I-beam

Answer

Solid rectangular beam

Answer

Hollow rectangular beam

Answer

All equivalent

Question 47

How do static and dynamic loads differ?

Accepted Answer

Static loads are constant, dynamic loads vary with time

Answer

Dynamic loads are constant, static loads vary with time

Answer

Static loads are slow, dynamic loads are fast

Answer

Dynamic loads are slow, static loads are fast

Question 48

Which force acts perpendicular to the surface area of an object?

Accepted Answer

Shear force

Answer

Compressive force

Answer

Tensile force

Answer

Moment

Question 49

Which material is commonly used for tension members?

Accepted Answer

Steel

Answer

Concrete

Answer

Wood

Answer

Plastic

Question 50

The main purpose of a truss structure is to:

Accepted Answer

Transfer loads over long distances

Answer

Support heavy loads

Answer

Resist lateral forces

Answer

Increase structural stiffness

Question 51

What is the primary purpose of using a factor of safety in structural design?

Accepted Answer

To ensure the structure can withstand unexpected loads

Answer

To account for variations in material properties

Answer

To reduce construction costs

Answer

To simplify the design process

Question 52

Which type of structural joint is designed to resist rotational forces?

Accepted Answer

Moment-resisting joint

Answer

Pin joint

Answer

Rigid joint

Answer

Friction joint

Question 53

What is the main function of a gusset in a truss?

Accepted Answer

To transfer loads between truss members

Answer

To provide additional support to truss joints

Answer

To reduce the weight of the truss

Answer

To enhance the aesthetic appeal of the truss

Question 54

What is the significance of the neutral axis in a beam?

Accepted Answer

It is the axis where bending stress is zero

Answer

It is the axis about which the beam rotates

Answer

It is the axis of symmetry of the beam

Answer

It is the axis at which the beam will fail

Question 55

How does structural redundancy enhance the safety and reliability of structures?

Accepted Answer

Lessens the impact of localized failures

Answer

Increases the overall stiffness of the structure

Answer

Removes the need for regular structural inspections

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a primary type of force that can act on a structure?

Accepted Answer

Magnetism

Answer

Tension

Answer

Compression

Answer

Torsion

Question 57

The bending moment at a point in a beam is the sum of the:

Accepted Answer

Moments of all the forces to one side of the point

Answer

Forces acting on the beam

Answer

Area under the shear force diagram

Answer

Slope of the bending moment diagram

Question 58

Which of the following materials has the highest specific modulus of elasticity?

Accepted Answer

Steel

Answer

Concrete

Answer

Timber

Answer

Aluminium

Question 59

Which of the following is a numerical method of analyzing structures?

Accepted Answer

Finite element analysis

Answer

Moment distribution

Answer

Slope-deflection method

Answer

Virtual work method

Question 60

Identify the force that acts perpendicular to the surface it is applied to.

Accepted Answer

Normal force

Answer

Compressive force

Answer

Frictional force

Answer

Tensile force

Question 61

Which unit of measurement is used to quantify moment?

Accepted Answer

Nm

Answer

m

Answer

N/m

Question 62

Among the following materials, which one exhibits the highest tensile strength?

Accepted Answer

Steel

Answer

Wood

Answer

Concrete

Answer

Plastic

Question 63

What is the primary role of a gusset plate within a truss structure?

Accepted Answer

Transferring loads between members

Answer

Preventing buckling

Answer

Providing support against bending

Question 64

Explain the distinction between a determinate and an indeterminate structure.

Accepted Answer

A determinate structure has a unique solution for reactions and forces, whereas an indeterminate structure does not.

Answer

A determinate structure is inherently stronger than an indeterminate structure.