The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Communication

Question 1

Which region of the brain is responsible for higher-level cognitive abilities like decision-making and problem-solving?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Spinal cord

Question 2

What is the main function of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate communication between neurons

Answer

To control muscle contractions

Answer

To produce hormones

Answer

To support brain function

Question 3

How are the somatic and autonomic nervous systems different?

Accepted Answer

Somatic controls voluntary actions, while autonomic controls involuntary actions

Answer

Somatic only processes sensory information, while autonomic controls motor functions

Answer

Autonomic only processes sensory information, while somatic controls motor functions

Answer

There is no difference between them

Question 4

What is a defining characteristic of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Consists of nerves that connect the central nervous system to other parts of the body

Answer

Controls voluntary muscle movement

Answer

Involves conscious perception of sensory stimuli

Answer

Regulates blood pressure

Question 5

How does the nervous system contribute to maintaining a stable internal environment (homeostasis)?

Accepted Answer

By monitoring and adjusting internal conditions

Answer

By controlling hormone secretion

Answer

By regulating muscle activity

Answer

By filtering out toxins

Question 6

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia are examples of:

Accepted Answer

Glial cells

Answer

Neurons

Answer

Neurotransmitters

Answer

Synapses

Question 7

The process by which the brain adapts and changes in response to experiences and learning is known as:

Accepted Answer

Synaptic plasticity

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Neurotransmission

Answer

Myelination

Question 8

The nervous system branch that controls involuntary functions, such as heart rate and digestion, is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 9

Which layer of the spinal cord contains the cell bodies of motor neurons?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter

Answer

White matter

Answer

Pia mater

Answer

Dura mater

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining balance and coordination

Answer

Processing sensory information

Answer

Controlling voluntary movement

Answer

Initiating reflexes

Question 11

What is the primary role of neurotransmitters in synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

Binding to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron

Answer

Initiating electrical signals across the synapse

Answer

Inhibiting electrical signals across the synapse

Answer

Releasing calcium ions into the presynaptic neuron

Question 12

Which component is NOT part of a spinal reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Sensory receptor

Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Question 13

What is the primary function of the corpus callosum?

Accepted Answer

Connecting the brain's hemispheres

Answer

Controlling voluntary movement

Answer

Processing visual information

Answer

Storing long-term memories

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter is associated with parasympathetic nervous system activation?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Noradrenaline

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Receiving sensory input and generating responses

Answer

Coordinating movement and muscle activity

Question 16

How does the nervous system use feedback from the endocrine system to regulate physiological processes?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system receives feedback from the endocrine system to adjust neural activity.

Answer

The nervous system directly controls the release of hormones from endocrine glands.

Answer

The nervous and endocrine systems function independently of each other.

Answer

The endocrine system controls the production of neurotransmitters in the nervous system.

Question 17

Which of the following substances is not classified as a neurotransmitter in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 18

What is the primary function of the myelin sheath that surrounds certain nerve axons?

Accepted Answer

To enhance the speed of nerve impulse transmission

Answer

To produce neurotransmitters for synaptic communication

Answer

To protect the brain and spinal cord from physical damage

Answer

To assist in muscle contraction and movement

Question 19

Which region of the brain is responsible for maintaining balance, coordination, and fine motor skills?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Thalamus

Question 20

What is the key role of synaptic plasticity in the process of learning and memory formation?

Accepted Answer

It allows synapses to strengthen or weaken over time in response to experience

Answer

It generates new neurons in the brain's neural network

Answer

It improves the speed at which nerve impulses travel

Answer

It reduces the release of neurotransmitters at synapses

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of a peripheral nerve?

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve

Answer

Optic nerve

Answer

Olfactory nerve

Answer

Spinal cord

Question 22

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To regulate involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion

Answer

To control voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

Answer

To receive sensory information from the external environment

Answer

To process information from the brain and make decisions

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Secrete hormones

Answer

Transmit sensory information to the brain

Answer

Control voluntary movement

Answer

Regulate reflexes

Question 24

Which type of neuron transmits signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Afferent neuron

Answer

Efferent neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Glial cell

Question 25

What is the primary function of myelin sheaths in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Provide electrical insulation and increase the speed of signal conduction

Answer

Generate action potentials

Answer

Protect neurons from damage

Answer

Synthesize neurotransmitters

Question 26

Which brain region plays a crucial role in memory formation and consolidation?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Amygdala

Question 27

What is the term for the ability of synapses to change their strength and structure in response to neural activity?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic plasticity

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Long-term potentiation

Answer

Neural pruning

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a type of neuroglial cell?

Accepted Answer

Neurons

Answer

Astrocytes

Answer

Ependymal cells

Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 29

What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulate involuntary bodily functions

Answer

Control conscious body movements

Answer

Transmit sensory information to the brain

Answer

Produce hormones

Question 30

What is the role of calcium ions in neurotransmitter release?

Accepted Answer

Trigger the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane

Answer

Open ion channels on the postsynaptic membrane

Answer

Bind to neurotransmitter receptors

Answer

Inhibit neurotransmitter synthesis

Question 31

Which of the following is a potential concern associated with neuroimaging techniques in research?

Accepted Answer

Raised privacy concerns

Answer

Enhanced diagnosis of neurological disorders

Answer

Facilitated development of novel treatments for brain disorders

Answer

Advanced understanding of brain function

Question 32

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Answer

Glycine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 33

Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Axon

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Synapse

Question 34

What is the role of the myelin sheath in neural communication?

Accepted Answer

Insulates axons and accelerates signal transmission

Answer

Protects axons from damage

Answer

Generates action potentials

Answer

Releases neurotransmitters

Question 35

Which brain region plays a crucial role in learning and memory consolidation?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Question 36

What term describes a neurotransmitter that inhibits postsynaptic neuron activity?

Accepted Answer

Antagonist

Answer

Agonist

Answer

Modulator

Answer

Receptor

Question 37

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To regulate involuntary bodily functions

Answer

To control voluntary movements

Answer

To transmit sensory information to the brain

Answer

To initiate reflex actions

Question 38

Trace the correct order of signal transmission in a neuron:

Accepted Answer

Dendrite, Soma, Axon, Axon Terminal

Answer

Axon, Dendrite, Soma, Axon Terminal

Answer

Soma, Dendrite, Axon, Axon Terminal

Answer

Axon Terminal, Axon, Soma, Dendrite

Question 39

Which neurodegenerative disorder is best known for causing progressive memory loss and cognitive decline?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Question 40

Which part of a neuron conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Answer

Myelin sheath

Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Cell body

Question 41

What is the primary role of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Insulates axons and speeds up signal transmission

Answer

Produces neurotransmitters

Answer

Protects the neuron from damage

Answer

Receives signals from other neurons

Question 42

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for facilitating muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Serotonin

Question 43

What term describes the process whereby synaptic connections strengthen or weaken over time, contributing to learning and memory?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic plasticity

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Myelination

Answer

Action potential propagation

Question 44

Which division of the nervous system prepares the body for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 45

Damage to which brain region is likely to result in impaired balance and coordination?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 46

Which part of the brain is responsible for maintaining body temperature, hunger, and thirst?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 47

What type of neuron conducts sensory information from the body towards the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Motor (efferent) neuron

Question 48

Which characteristic is a defining feature of a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A rapid, involuntary response to a stimulus

Answer

Involves complex processing in the cerebral cortex

Answer

Requires conscious thought

Answer

Is a slow, deliberate response to a stimulus