Applied Anatomy and Physiology for Athletes: Master Your Body for Peak Performance

Question 1

Which function is NOT performed by the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Producing blood cells

Answer

Providing structural support and protection

Answer

Enabling movement with muscles

Answer

Storing minerals like calcium and phosphorus

Question 2

Which statement about the muscular system is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Muscles can only contract, not relax.

Answer

We can consciously control skeletal muscles.

Answer

Smooth muscles are in the walls of the digestive system and blood vessels.

Answer

Cardiac muscle is the only type of muscle in the heart.

Question 3

Which hormonal mechanisms are primarily responsible for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance during physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases water reabsorption, while aldosterone enhances sodium reabsorption.

Answer

Glucagon elevates blood glucose, triggering insulin release and promoting fluid retention.

Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) boosts calcium reabsorption, leading to increased fluid retention.

Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) promotes sodium excretion, resulting in fluid loss.

Question 4

Which joint type allows for the widest range of motion, including rotation, bending, and straightening?

Accepted Answer

Freely Movable Joint

Answer

Immovable Joint

Answer

Partially Movable Joint

Answer

Slightly Movable Joint

Question 5

How does chronic endurance training modify the cardiovascular system, and how do these adaptations improve exercise capacity and recovery?

Accepted Answer

Increased stroke volume, decreased resting heart rate, and increased capillary density in active muscles.

Answer

Increased heart rate, decreased stroke volume, and decreased capillary density in active muscles.

Answer

Increased stroke volume, increased heart rate, and decreased capillary density in active muscles.

Answer

Decreased stroke volume, decreased heart rate, and increased capillary density in active muscles.

Question 6

Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for involuntary movements, such as those involved in digestion and circulation?

Accepted Answer

Smooth

Answer

Cardiac

Answer

Skeletal

Answer

Striated

Question 7

What is the primary role of the heart in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

To pump blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues

Answer

To regulate blood pressure and maintain fluid balance

Answer

To filter and purify the blood

Answer

To produce hormones that control heart rate and blood pressure

Question 8

What is the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To receive, process, and transmit information to coordinate bodily functions and responses.

Answer

To transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body

Answer

To regulate body temperature and maintain fluid balance

Answer

To produce hormones that control growth and development

Question 9

Which substance is the main energy source for muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer

Creatine phosphate

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Glucose

Question 10

What is the primary difference between a tendon and a ligament?

Accepted Answer

Tendons connect muscles to bones, while ligaments connect bones to bones.

Answer

Ligaments are more elastic than tendons.

Answer

Tendons are more flexible than ligaments.

Answer

Ligaments are found only in joints, while tendons are found throughout the body.

Question 11

Which muscle contraction type involves a shortening of the muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Concentric contraction

Answer

Eccentric contraction

Answer

Isokinetic contraction

Answer

Isometric contraction

Question 12

Identify the largest artery in the human body.

Accepted Answer

Aorta

Answer

Pulmonary artery

Answer

Carotid artery

Answer

Femoral artery

Question 13

What is the primary purpose of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)

Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Answer

Production of red blood cells

Answer

Maintenance of fluid balance

Question 14

Which division of the nervous system controls conscious, voluntary muscle movement?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Question 15

What is the point of contact between two neurons called?

Accepted Answer

Synapse

Answer

Axon

Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Cell body

Question 16

Which of the following substances acts as a neurotransmitter in the body?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Glucose

Question 17

What is the primary role of the hypothalamus in body temperature regulation?

Accepted Answer

Detects changes in body temperature and initiates responses

Answer

Produces hormones to regulate metabolism

Answer

Controls sweating

Answer

Constricts blood vessels in the skin

Question 18

Which function is NOT performed by the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Sense of hearing

Answer

Support

Answer

Protection

Answer

Movement

Question 19

During elbow flexion, which muscle is primarily responsible for performing this action?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Answer

Triceps brachii

Answer

Deltoid

Answer

Pectoralis major

Question 20

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Answer

Veins

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Lymphatic vessels

Question 21

What is the main function of the diaphragm?

Accepted Answer

Control breathing

Answer

Separate the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Answer

Pump blood

Answer

Digest food

Question 22

What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Provides energy for muscle contraction

Answer

Stimulates the release of calcium ions

Answer

Relaxes the muscle after contraction

Answer

Inhibits muscle contraction

Question 23

Which hormone is responsible for promoting bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Question 24

Which muscle type is attached to bones and enables voluntary movements?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Answer

Cardiac muscle

Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Visceral muscle

Question 25

Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Left atrium

Answer

Left ventricle

Answer

Right atrium

Answer

Right ventricle

Question 26

The primary function of the respiratory system is:

Accepted Answer

Exchanging gases

Answer

Digesting food

Answer

Producing hormones

Answer

Receiving sensory input

Question 27

Which nutrient is crucial for maintaining bone health?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Fats

Answer

Proteins

Question 28

Identify the protective membrane surrounding the heart:

Accepted Answer

Pericardium

Answer

Epicardium

Answer

Endocardium

Answer

Myocardium

Question 29

Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of movement?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Condylar joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Question 30

Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for voluntary movements?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Cardiac muscle

Answer

Involuntary muscle

Question 31

What is the term for the exchange of gases in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Ventilation

Answer

Perfusion

Question 32

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary actions?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 33

What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Provides energy for the contraction

Answer

Relaxes the muscle

Answer

Initiates the contraction

Answer

Stores calcium ions

Question 34

Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of movement?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Condyloid joint

Question 35

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

To transport nutrients and waste

Answer

To protect the body from infection

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Answer

To produce hormones

Question 36

Which component of the fitness-related health pyramid is important for maintaining a healthy range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Flexibility

Answer

Cardiovascular fitness

Answer

Body composition

Answer

Muscular strength

Question 37

Select the primary function of the skeletal system:

Accepted Answer

Provide support and protection for the body

Answer

Facilitate movement and coordination

Answer

Transport oxygen and nutrients

Answer

Regulate body temperature

Question 38

Which part of the respiratory system enables the exchange of gases between the blood and the air?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Nasal cavity

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Larynx

Question 39

Select the neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting impulses across a chemical synapse:

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 40

The process by which the body converts food into energy is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Excretion

Answer

Digestion

Question 41

To maintain optimal hydration during physical activity, the recommended daily fluid intake for an active person is:

Accepted Answer

10-12 glasses (approximately 2.5-3 litres)

Answer

8 glasses (approximately 2 litres)

Answer

12-16 glasses (approximately 3-4 litres)

Answer

Over 16 glasses (more than 4 litres)

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Storing fat reserves for energy

Answer

Providing support and structure to the body

Answer

Protecting vital organs from injury

Answer

Aiding in movement through muscle attachment

Question 43

Within which cavity of the chest is the heart located?

Accepted Answer

Mediastinum

Answer

Pericardium

Answer

Pleural cavity

Answer

Abdominal cavity

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies for immunity

Answer

Gas exchange between the blood and the external environment

Answer

Regulation of blood pH

Answer

Maintenance of body temperature

Question 45

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for conscious thought, decision-making, and higher-level cognitive functions?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Question 46

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating muscle growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Question 47

Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of movement, including rotation and circumduction?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Saddle joint

Question 48

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for extending the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps

Answer

Hamstrings

Answer

Calves

Answer

Glutes

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Producing blood cells

Answer

Providing structural support and protection

Answer

Facilitating movement by interaction with muscles

Answer

Storing minerals like calcium and phosphorus

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a component of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Lungs

Answer

Diaphragm

Answer

Trachea

Question 51

What is the primary neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 52

Which of the following hormones is responsible for promoting bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Insulin

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Answer

Transmission of nerve impulses

Answer

Processing of sensory information

Answer

Maintenance of homeostasis

Question 54

How does the nervous system primarily contribute to physical activity and performance?

Accepted Answer

Controlling and coordinating physical movements

Answer

Providing energy for muscle contractions

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Breaking down carbohydrates for energy production

Question 55

Which bone cell type is responsible for breaking down bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Chondrocytes

Question 56

What is the primary role of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Initiates the electrical impulses for heart contractions

Answer

Transmits electrical impulses throughout the heart

Answer

Regulates heart rate

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Temperature regulation

Answer

Acid-base balance

Answer

Voice production

Answer

Gas exchange

Question 58

What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordination and balance

Answer

Voluntary movement control

Answer

Higher cognitive processing

Answer

Sensory reception

Question 59

Which hormone promotes bone growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 60

When an agonist muscle contracts, what is the action of its antagonist?

Accepted Answer

Relaxes

Answer

Stabilizes

Answer

Rotates

Answer

Contracts

Question 61

Which blood vessel type has the thickest muscular walls?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Veins

Answer

Lymphatic vessels

Question 62

What is the primary role of the diaphragm in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates respiration

Answer

Aids in digestion

Answer

Assists in circulation

Question 63

Which brain structure is primarily involved in the body's stress response?

Accepted Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hippocampus

Question 64

Gas exchange is a primary function of which bodily system?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory system

Answer

Excretory system

Answer

Nervous system

Answer

Digestive system