Ethics and Morality Quizzes for Year 13 Religious Studies

Question 1

According to Immanuel Kant's ethical theory, what should guide our actions?

Accepted Answer

A universal moral rule that applies to everyone

Answer

The pursuit of happiness for the majority

Question 2

What is the central idea behind moral relativism?

Accepted Answer

Morality is determined by the society or culture in which one lives.

Answer

All moral actions are inherently good.

Answer

One should always act in the best interests of the majority.

Question 3

What is a key strength of deontological ethics?

Accepted Answer

It provides clear moral rules and obligations.

Answer

It focuses on the specific circumstances of each moral dilemma.

Answer

It encourages personal values to guide moral decision-making.

Question 4

In the context of environmental protection, what is the ethical responsibility of corporations?

Accepted Answer

Reducing their environmental impact throughout their operations

Answer

Prioritizing profits over environmental concerns

Answer

Shifting environmental responsibilities to external entities

Question 5

What are moral dilemmas, and how do different ethical theories guide their resolution?

Accepted Answer

Moral dilemmas occur when individuals must choose between conflicting ethical principles, often with no clear solution.

Answer

Moral dilemmas are hypothetical situations that have no practical relevance in real-life decision-making.

Answer

Utilitarianism always provides clear solutions to moral dilemmas by focusing on maximizing overall happiness.

Answer

Deontological ethics emphasizes considering consequences and choosing actions that lead to the best outcomes.

Question 6

Which ethical principle is NOT central to most religious traditions?

Accepted Answer

Self-interest

Answer

Love

Answer

Justice

Answer

Respect

Question 7

According to utilitarianism, the best action results in:

Accepted Answer

The greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

Answer

Conformity to religious doctrines

Answer

Protection of individual rights

Answer

Promotion of virtue

Question 8

Aldo Leopold's 'land ethic' in environmental ethics emphasizes the:

Accepted Answer

Moral obligation to protect natural resources

Answer

Superiority of human dominance over nature

Answer

Importance of preserving pristine environments

Answer

Right to exploit nature for financial gain

Question 9

Feminist ethics contends that the moral perspectives of:

Accepted Answer

Women have been marginalized historically

Answer

Men are universally valid

Answer

Children should be prioritized

Answer

The elite should guide society

Question 10

The 'golden rule' in ethics suggests that we should:

Accepted Answer

Treat others as we wish to be treated

Answer

Always speak the truth

Answer

Obey the law without question

Answer

Follow our conscience exclusively

Question 11

Which ethical theory emphasizes cultivating personal virtues as the key to moral living?

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Teleology

Answer

Existentialism

Question 12

In the classic trolley problem, which of the following choices aligns with the utilitarian approach?

Accepted Answer

Sacrificing one person to save five

Answer

Letting the trolley run its course, valuing all lives equally

Answer

Pushing a bystander onto the tracks to save the five

Answer

Ignoring the situation and walking away

Question 13

Which moral concept emphasizes the inherent value of individuals and their right to make decisions based on their own beliefs, even if those decisions conflict with societal norms?

Accepted Answer

Respect for persons

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Justice

Question 14

In the context of religious ethics, the term 'agape' signifies:

Accepted Answer

Unconditional, selfless love

Answer

Love based on merit or reciprocity

Answer

Love exclusive to one's own family or group

Answer

Love primarily motivated by self-interest

Question 15

The concept of 'natural law' in ethics primarily refers to:

Accepted Answer

A set of moral principles believed to be derived from the natural world

Answer

Laws established by religious authority

Answer

Principles determined by human reason and consensus

Answer

There is no such concept

Question 16

In the context of Islamic ethics, which principle emphasizes the unity of God?

Accepted Answer

Tawhid

Answer

Salat

Answer

Zakat

Answer

Hajj

Question 17

The ethical principle that emphasizes avoiding harm to others is most closely associated with:

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Care ethics

Question 18

Which ethical theory prioritizes maximizing well-being or happiness for the greatest number of people?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Existentialism

Question 19

According to the Kantian ethical theory, actions should conform to which fundamental principle?

Accepted Answer

Act only according to that principle that you can will to become a universal moral law.

Answer

Act so that you treat humanity as an end and never as a means.

Answer

Act in accordance with your conscience.

Answer

Maximize the well-being of the majority.

Question 20

Which ethical concept distinguishes between right and wrong actions, independent of their consequences?

Accepted Answer

Absolute morality

Answer

Moral value

Answer

Moral principle

Answer

Natural law

Question 21

In religious ethics, what term refers to the idea that certain moral principles are derived from the inherent nature of the universe?

Accepted Answer

Natural law

Answer

Divine law

Answer

Human law

Answer

Religious law

Question 22

Which ethical perspective emphasizes the importance of individual conscience and the right to make decisions based on one's own beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Existentialism

Answer

Situation ethics

Answer

Ethical relativism

Answer

Pragmatism

Question 23

How can ethical principles be applied fairly and impartially in decision-making?

Accepted Answer

By considering the perspectives of all stakeholders

Answer

By relying solely on personal instincts

Answer

By strictly adhering to laws and regulations

Answer

By prioritizing religious beliefs

Question 24

According to the deontological ethical theory developed by Immanuel Kant, the rightness or wrongness of an action is primarily determined by its:

Accepted Answer

Compliance with universal moral rules

Answer

Consequences

Answer

Intentions

Answer

Conformity to religious beliefs

Question 25

One significant criticism of utilitarianism, an ethical theory that emphasizes maximizing overall well-being, is its:

Accepted Answer

Justification of harm to some for the benefit of many

Answer

Disregard for individual rights

Answer

Reliance on complex calculations

Answer

Incompatibility with diverse cultural perspectives

Question 26

In Plato's Euthyphro dilemma, the philosopher raises the question of whether piety is loved by the gods because of its:

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic goodness

Answer

Practical value

Answer

Origin as a divine command

Answer

Power to evoke pleasure

Question 27

The principle of beneficence, a fundamental concept in medical ethics, requires healthcare professionals to prioritize:

Accepted Answer

Maximizing patient well-being

Answer

Preventing harm to patients

Answer

Respecting patient autonomy

Answer

Providing full disclosure of information

Question 28

In the famous Trolley Problem thought experiment, the ethical dilemma centers on the choice between:

Accepted Answer

Sacrificing one person to save five

Answer

Ignoring the situation and letting the trolley crash

Answer

Saving one person while sacrificing nine others

Answer

Sacrificing the lives of the trolley's passengers

Question 29

Which ethical theory prioritizes maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Kantianism

Question 30

According to deontological ethics, an action is morally correct if it adheres to:

Accepted Answer

Universal moral principles

Answer

The greatest happiness for the greatest number

Answer

The cultivation of virtuous character

Answer

The maximization of individual rights

Question 31

Virtue ethics emphasizes the development of:

Accepted Answer

Moral character

Answer

Absolute moral rules

Answer

Measurable outcomes

Answer

Subjective values

Question 32

In the Trolley Problem, which ethical approach would justify sacrificing one individual to save five others?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Kantianism

Question 33

A key distinction between religious and secular morality lies in the basis of:

Accepted Answer

Divine revelation

Answer

Objective reason

Answer

Personal beliefs

Answer

Social welfare

Question 34

The 'divine command theory' in religious ethics proposes that actions are considered moral because they are:

Accepted Answer

Commanded by God

Answer

Derived from logical reasoning

Answer

Conducive to human well-being

Answer

Aligned with cultural norms

Question 35

Immanuel Kant's ethical philosophy is primarily associated with the concept of:

Accepted Answer

Categorical imperative

Answer

Greatest happiness principle

Answer

Golden rule

Answer

Natural rights theory

Question 36

Moral relativism suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Ethical principles vary across cultures and contexts

Answer

Moral values are fixed and universal

Answer

Religious beliefs should be the sole guide for morality

Answer

Individual rights take precedence over societal norms

Question 37

A potential criticism of consequentialist ethical theories is that they can:

Accepted Answer

Justify unethical actions based on desired outcomes

Answer

Neglect the intentions of individuals

Answer

Be overly complex and impractical

Answer

Prioritize individual interests over collective well-being

Question 38

In ethical decision-making, 'autonomy' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The freedom to make independent choices

Answer

The duty to obey authority figures

Answer

The necessity to consider the consequences of actions

Answer

The importance of respecting societal values

Question 39

Which ethical theory places emphasis on the consequences of actions, arguing that the best action is the one that brings about the greatest overall benefit?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Kantianism

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Answer

Natural Law Theory

Question 40

Kantian ethics asserts that a genuinely virtuous action is one performed solely for the sake of duty, irrespective of its outcomes. True or False?

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 41

In Aristotle's Virtue Ethics theory, which of the following is NOT considered a key virtue?

Accepted Answer

Faith

Answer

Courage

Answer

Temperance

Answer

Honesty

Question 42

Natural Law Theory proposes that there are universal moral principles that can be discovered through human reason, regardless of religious beliefs or cultural backgrounds. True or False?

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 43

According to the principles of utilitarianism, the ethical worth of an action is primarily determined by:

Accepted Answer

The amount of happiness or well-being it produces

Answer

The intentions of the person performing the action

Answer

The virtues involved in the action

Answer

The laws that govern the action

Question 44

According to the Kantian ethical framework, actions are considered morally right if they:

Accepted Answer

Conform to universal moral principles.

Answer

Maximize happiness for the majority.

Answer

Promote the most positive outcomes.

Answer

Align with societal norms.

Question 45

Which ethical theory prioritizes the consequences of actions as the primary determinant of their moral value?

Accepted Answer

Teleology

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Existentialism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 46

In the context of Hinduism, the concept of 'karma' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The law of cause and effect in ethics

Answer

The path to spiritual liberation

Answer

The divine force that governs the universe

Answer

The cycle of rebirth and reincarnation

Question 47

The Christian ethical concept of 'agape' signifies:

Accepted Answer

Selfless and unconditional love

Answer

Love restricted to family and friends

Answer

Love based on romantic attraction

Answer

Love motivated by a desire for reward

Question 48

Which ethical principle emphasizes the significance of individual autonomy and self-determination in decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 49

Which ethical approach focuses on fostering personal virtues and traits that promote ethical behavior?

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Consequentialism

Answer

Rule-based ethics

Answer

Existentialism

Question 50

Which ethical theory gives priority to the overall consequences of an action?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Care ethics

Question 51

According to Immanuel Kant's deontological theory, an action is morally right if it:

Accepted Answer

Conforms to a universal moral principle.

Answer

Produces the most happiness for the majority.

Answer

Is in accordance with one's own feelings.

Answer

Promotes the virtues of kindness and compassion.

Question 52

Which of the following is a distinctive feature of virtue ethics?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on the development of good character.

Answer

Focus on the consequences of actions.

Answer

Objectivity of moral values.

Answer

Universality of ethical principles.

Question 53

The Trolley Problem is an example of a moral dilemma that:

Accepted Answer

Involves a choice between two or more equally undesirable options.

Answer

Can be easily resolved by applying a simple ethical rule.

Answer

Has a clear and universally accepted solution.

Answer

Is only relevant in specific religious contexts.

Question 54

The ethical principle of autonomy emphasizes:

Accepted Answer

The importance of respecting individual choices.

Answer

The obligation to obey the law.

Answer

The need for external guidance in moral decision-making.

Answer

The priority of social norms over personal preferences.

Question 55

Which ethical approach would argue that euthanasia is inherently morally wrong?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Care ethics

Question 56

The concept of moral responsibility implies:

Accepted Answer

Being held accountable for one's actions.

Answer

Having the freedom to act without consequences.

Answer

Being protected from blame for unintended outcomes.

Answer

Only applying to actions that are legally prohibited.

Question 57

The concept of human dignity is often used to justify:

Accepted Answer

The respect for all individuals

Answer

The preservation of life at any cost

Answer

The pursuit of personal happiness

Answer

The authority of religious beliefs

Question 58

Which key principle underpins Kantian ethics?

Accepted Answer

Actions should align with maxims that could universally apply as laws.

Answer

The ends justify the means.

Answer

Happiness is the ultimate goal.

Answer

Virtue is inherently valuable.

Question 59

According to virtue ethics, what should be the focus of moral evaluation?

Accepted Answer

Cultivation of virtuous character traits.

Answer

Adherence to moral rules.

Answer

Maximization of happiness.

Answer

Prevention of harm.

Question 60

In Aristotle's virtue ethics, which of these is NOT considered a key virtue?

Accepted Answer

Obedience

Answer

Courage

Answer

Justice

Answer

Temperance

Question 61

Which ethical theory places emphasis on the intrinsic value and autonomy of individuals?

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Communitarianism

Question 62

According to Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative, an action is morally permissible if:

Accepted Answer

It is in line with a universal moral rule

Answer

It results in the greatest overall happiness

Answer

It aligns with our personal preferences

Answer

It complies with social norms

Question 63

Which ethical stance suggests that some actions are inherently right or wrong, independent of their consequences?

Accepted Answer

Moral absolutism

Answer

Relativism

Answer

Situational ethics

Answer

Pragmatism

Question 64

A key critique of utilitarianism is that it:

Accepted Answer

Can justify unethical actions that harm individuals

Answer

Relies heavily on personal preferences and values

Answer

Neglects the significance of duties and rights

Answer

Is too complex to apply in real-life situations