Bioethics: Ethical Issues in Healthcare - Religious Perspectives

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a major ethical principle in bioethics?

Accepted Answer

Animal rights

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Justice

Answer

Beneficence

Question 2

According to Christian bioethics, the principle of sanctity of life implies that:

Accepted Answer

All human life has inherent value and should be treated with respect

Answer

Only those with a high quality of life deserve medical care

Answer

Abortion and euthanasia are always morally wrong

Answer

Genetic engineering is inherently unethical

Question 3

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) is primarily responsible for regulating:

Accepted Answer

Assisted reproductive technologies

Answer

Genetic testing

Answer

Stem cell research

Answer

End-of-life care

Question 4

In the context of bioethics, what does the term 'moral status' refer to?

Accepted Answer

The value and rights attributed to different beings

Answer

The ethical guidelines for medical research

Answer

The importance of religious beliefs in healthcare

Answer

The legal framework for end-of-life care

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a widely recognized bioethical principle?

Accepted Answer

Objectivity

Answer

Respect for autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 6

A limitation of the slippery slope argument in bioethics is that it:

Accepted Answer

Does not consider the potential for safeguards.

Answer

Relying solely on emotional appeals.

Answer

Applies to all ethical situations.

Answer

Is too complex to be useful.

Question 7

Which principle is NOT a fundamental pillar of biomedical ethics?

Accepted Answer

Paternalism

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 8

According to the Kantian ethical theory, the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by:

Accepted Answer

Its adherence to universal moral laws

Answer

Its consequences

Answer

Its conformity to religious teachings

Answer

Its alignment with personal values

Question 9

In the case of a terminally ill patient, which of the following principles would support the practice of palliative care?

Accepted Answer

Patient comfort and well-being

Answer

Sanctity of life

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a role that religion can play in shaping ethical decision-making in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Challenging ethical norms

Answer

Providing moral guidance and values

Answer

Promoting interfaith dialogue and understanding

Answer

Influencing policy and legislation

Question 11

According to the Aristotelian ethical theory, the highest good for humans is:

Accepted Answer

Virtue

Answer

Pleasure

Answer

Wealth

Answer

Happiness

Question 12

The concept of 'informed refusal' in healthcare ethics refers to:

Accepted Answer

A patient's right to decline medical treatment

Answer

A doctor's obligation to provide all medical information to a patient

Answer

A patient's agreement to participate in research

Answer

A family member's consent for a patient's medical treatment

Question 13

In the context of bioethics, 'sustainability' refers to our ethical responsibility to:

Accepted Answer

Care for and protect the planet and its resources

Answer

Promote human health and well-being

Answer

Advance scientific knowledge and technology

Answer

Preserve religious traditions and values

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an ethical principle commonly used in healthcare decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Paternalism

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 15

Which religious tradition emphasizes the belief that human life begins at conception and should be protected at all costs?

Accepted Answer

Catholicism

Answer

Buddhism

Answer

Islam

Answer

Judaism

Question 16

The concept of 'double effect' in Catholic ethics refers to:

Accepted Answer

Allowing an action with both good and bad consequences if the intended good outweighs the foreseen bad

Answer

Prohibiting any action that has a foreseen bad consequence, even if the intended good outweighs it

Answer

Requiring a person to take the least harmful action in a given situation, even if it does not produce the most good

Answer

Allowing a person to perform an action with evil intentions if it has a positive outcome

Question 17

Which of the following is a common ethical objection to the use of embryonic stem cells in medical research?

Accepted Answer

The destruction of human embryos

Answer

The potential for harmful side effects in patients receiving stem cell treatments

Answer

The high cost of stem cell research and its potential to divert resources from other areas of medical research

Answer

The ethical implications of creating hybrid embryos by combining human and animal cells

Question 18

The principle of non-maleficence in healthcare means that:

Accepted Answer

Healthcare professionals have an ethical obligation to avoid causing harm to patients

Answer

Patients have the right to make their own decisions about their healthcare, even if those decisions may lead to harm

Answer

Doctors should always prioritize the patient's well-being, even if it means violating their autonomy

Answer

Healthcare systems should be structured to minimize the risk of harm to patients

Question 19

Why is interdisciplinary collaboration essential in addressing bioethical challenges?

Accepted Answer

It provides a comprehensive understanding of ethical dilemmas.

Answer

It reduces potential legal complications.

Answer

It lightens the workload for individual professionals.

Answer

It promotes camaraderie among healthcare practitioners.

Question 20

The case of Terri Schiavo highlighted ethical concerns surrounding:

Accepted Answer

End-of-life care and decision-making

Answer

Embryo research

Answer

Access to healthcare

Answer

Genetic engineering

Question 21

Which ethical theory emphasizes the importance of duty and obligations?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Feminist ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

Question 22

The ethical principle of autonomy refers to:

Accepted Answer

The right of individuals to make decisions about their own medical care

Answer

The duty of society to provide access to healthcare for all

Answer

The obligation of healthcare professionals to act in the best interests of their patients

Question 23

Which of the following is a potential benefit of genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

Early detection and prevention of heritable diseases

Answer

Improved relationships

Answer

Enhanced privacy

Answer

Reduced healthcare costs

Question 24

The role of religion in bioethics can include:

Accepted Answer

Providing ethical guidance and shaping moral values

Answer

Ensuring scientific accuracy

Answer

Determining legal boundaries

Question 25

Which of the following is a primary consideration in evaluating the ethics of human cloning?

Accepted Answer

Potential risks and benefits to individuals and society

Answer

Cultural values

Answer

Religious beliefs

Question 26

The concept of 'moral residue' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The lingering ethical concerns and questions that remain after an ethical decision has been made

Answer

The impact of ethical decisions on future generations

Answer

The responsibility of healthcare professionals to address ethical issues