Ethics: What's Right and Wrong? | Year 13 Religious Studies

Question 1

According to Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative, an action is morally right if it:

Accepted Answer

Is based on a universal moral principle that can be applied to all situations.

Answer

Is in accordance with the law.

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Brings about the most good.

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Is done for its own sake.

Question 2

Which of the following religious traditions places a strong emphasis on the concept of ahimsa (non-violence)?

Accepted Answer

Hinduism

Answer

Christianity

Answer

Islam

Answer

Judaism

Question 3

According to utilitarianism, the right action is the one that produces:

Accepted Answer

The greatest net benefit for the greatest number of people.

Answer

The least amount of harm.

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The most happiness for the individual.

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The most pleasure for the majority.

Question 4

What is the central idea behind the ethical theory of egoism?

Accepted Answer

One should act in a way that benefits oneself.

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One should always follow one's conscience.

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One should prioritize the interests of the majority.

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One should strive to live in accordance with natural law.

Question 5

Which of the following is a key difference between ethical relativism and ethical absolutism?

Accepted Answer

Ethical relativism holds that moral truths are culture-specific, while ethical absolutism holds that they are universal.

Answer

Ethical relativism holds that moral truths are universal, while ethical absolutism holds that they are culture-specific.

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Ethical relativism emphasizes the importance of societal norms, while ethical absolutism emphasizes the importance of reason.

Answer

Ethical relativism is based on the principle of utility, while ethical absolutism is based on the principle of duty.

Question 6

According to the theory of virtue ethics, the most ethical person is one who possesses:

Accepted Answer

A set of virtuous character traits, such as courage, temperance, and wisdom.

Answer

A strong moral code.

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Good intentions.

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A clear understanding of moral principles.

Question 7

What is the role of casuistry in ethical decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Applying general ethical principles to specific situations, considering their unique circumstances.

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Using logical reasoning to derive moral conclusions.

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Referencing religious scriptures for moral guidance.

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Relying on personal intuition and feelings.

Question 8

Which of the following is a central idea in Natural Law Theory?

Accepted Answer

Moral principles are inherent in human nature and can be discovered through reason.

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Moral laws are derived from religious authority.

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Ethical judgments are entirely subjective and vary from person to person.

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Morality is determined solely by cultural norms and social customs.

Question 9

Which central question is explored in meta-ethics?

Accepted Answer

What is the nature of moral properties?

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What are the sources of moral authority?

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How should ethical decisions be made?

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What is the relationship between morality and religion?

Question 10

Which concept describes the idea that moral values vary depending on individual beliefs and social contexts?

Accepted Answer

Ethical relativism

Answer

Ethical absolutism

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Moral nihilism

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Ethical subjectivism

Question 11

Which of the following is not a key concept in Immanuel Kant's theory of deontology?

Accepted Answer

The principle of utility

Answer

The categorical imperative

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Treating others as ends in themselves

Answer

The hypothetical imperative

Question 12

According to the divine command theory of ethics, morality is primarily grounded in which source?

Accepted Answer

Divine revelation

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Human reasoning

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Societal norms

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Scientific principles

Question 13

Within ethical theories, which one places central importance on fostering a virtuous and moral character?

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

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Deontology

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Natural law theory

Question 14

Which characteristic is NOT generally considered essential to a robust ethical theory?

Accepted Answer

Empirical testability of its claims

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Clarity in its principles

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Consistency in its arguments

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Universality in its application

Question 15

When applying ethical principles to real-world situations, what crucial factor should be taken into account?

Accepted Answer

The specific context and relevant circumstances

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One's personal intuition alone

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Adherence to a fixed set of pre-established rules

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Disregarding potential consequences

Question 16

How do emotions affect our ethical choices, and what might be the results of this influence?

Accepted Answer

Emotions can cloud our judgment, leading to unethical decisions based on feelings rather than reason.

Accepted Answer

Emotions can improve our ethical decision-making by fostering empathy and compassion, encouraging us to care about others' well-being.

Answer

Emotions are not relevant to ethical decision-making because they are personal and differ from person to person.

Answer

Emotions have no impact on ethical decision-making.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key ethical concept?

Accepted Answer

Moral dilemma

Answer

Hermeneutics

Answer

Metaphysics

Answer

Epistemology

Question 18

According to Kantian ethics, what is the key factor in determining the morality of an action?

Accepted Answer

Universalizability

Answer

Intentions

Answer

Cultural norms

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Consequences

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a virtue?

Accepted Answer

Courage

Answer

Intelligence

Answer

Popularity

Answer

Wealth

Question 20

What is the key difference between ethical egoism and ethical altruism?

Accepted Answer

Ethical egoism prioritizes self-interest, while ethical altruism prioritizes the well-being of others.

Answer

Ethical altruism is based on reason, while ethical egoism is based on emotion.

Answer

Ethical egoism is universalizable, while ethical altruism is not.

Question 21

How can ethical principles be effectively applied to real-world situations?

Accepted Answer

By considering relevant context, potential consequences, and stakeholder involvement.

Answer

By relying solely on personal intuition.

Answer

By following a fixed set of rules.

Question 22

What is a primary goal of ethical education?

Accepted Answer

To develop individuals' moral reasoning and decision-making abilities.

Answer

To provide a comprehensive history of ethical thought.

Answer

To indoctrinate students with a single set of moral beliefs.

Question 23

How can technological advancements impact ethical decision-making?

Accepted Answer

By introducing novel ethical dilemmas and challenging existing ethical frameworks.

Answer

By making ethical choice easier.

Answer

By eliminating ethical problems.