Endocrine System Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge on Hormones and Their Functions

Question 1

Which hormone is produced by the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Testosterone

Question 2

Which hormone plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels by allowing glucose to enter cells?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 3

Hyperthyroidism is a condition characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Excessive production of thyroid hormone

Answer

Insufficient production of thyroid hormone

Answer

Excessive production of adrenal hormone

Answer

Insufficient production of growth hormone

Question 4

In the endocrine system, a negative feedback mechanism occurs when:

Accepted Answer

The release of a hormone is inhibited by a decrease in the level of a target substance

Answer

The release of a hormone is stimulated by an increase in the level of a target substance

Answer

The release of a hormone is directly controlled by another hormone

Answer

The release of a hormone is not affected by any other factors

Question 5

The pineal gland secretes the hormone:

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 6

The hypothalamus coordinates the endocrine system primarily through the release of:

Accepted Answer

Releasing hormones

Answer

Inhibiting hormones

Answer

Direct control of hormone secretion

Answer

Feedback mechanisms

Question 7

Which of the following is not considered a major endocrine gland in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 8

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Progesterone

Question 9

Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland and plays a key role in water balance?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Answer

Luteinizing hormone

Question 10

Which gland is responsible for secreting hormones that regulate calcium metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 11

Which of the following is not a function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Digesting food

Answer

Maintaining electrolyte balance

Answer

Controlling heart rate

Answer

Regulating growth and development

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 13

Which of the following disorders is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Cretinism

Answer

Graves' disease

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

Pituitary

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Adrenal

Question 15

Which hormone primarily regulates blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 16

The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus via the:

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

Answer

Direct neural connection

Answer

Bloodstream

Answer

Lymph system

Question 17

Which hormone plays a vital role in growth and development during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 18

Which gland is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid

Answer

Pituitary

Answer

Thyroid

Answer

Adrenal

Question 19

Which hormone is involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Question 20

Which gland secretes the hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thymus gland

Answer

Pineal gland

Answer

Parathyroid gland

Question 21

Which hormone is responsible for triggering uterine contractions during labor?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Prolactin

Question 22

Which organ is NOT a part of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Spleen

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 23

Which hormone is primarily involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Question 24

Which of the following is not a major endocrine gland in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pancreas

Question 25

Which hormone stimulates the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer

Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)

Question 26

Which of the following is a primary function of the adrenal glands?

Accepted Answer

Preparing the body for 'fight-or-flight' responses

Answer

Regulating blood sugar levels

Answer

Controlling metabolism

Answer

Producing digestive enzymes

Question 27

Which hormone, secreted by the pancreas, plays a crucial role in regulating glucose metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 28

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

When blood sugar levels increase, the pancreas releases insulin to lower blood sugar levels.

Answer

When body temperature decreases, the hypothalamus releases hormones to increase body temperature.

Answer

When blood calcium levels decrease, the parathyroid glands release parathyroid hormone to increase blood calcium levels.

Answer

When hormone levels in the blood increase, the hypothalamus releases hormones to suppress hormone production.

Question 29

Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Decreased sweating

Question 30

Which hormone, released by the pituitary gland, triggers ovulation during the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 31

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Adrenaline

Question 32

Which of the following best illustrates a hormonal cascade?

Accepted Answer

GnRH release from the hypothalamus, leading to LH and FSH release from the pituitary gland, which then stimulates hormone secretion from the gonads

Answer

Insulin secretion in response to high blood sugar

Answer

TSH release due to low thyroid hormone levels

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT classified as an endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 34

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating growth and development in humans?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 35

What is the primary target organ for epinephrine?

Accepted Answer

Heart

Answer

Liver

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Kidneys

Question 36

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in relation to the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating hormone production and release from other glands

Answer

Producing and releasing hormones directly

Answer

Storing and releasing hormones

Answer

Transporting hormones

Question 37

Which of the following represents a positive feedback mechanism in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin release during childbirth

Answer

Insulin secretion in response to high blood sugar levels

Answer

Epinephrine release in response to stress

Answer

Aldosterone release in response to low blood pressure

Question 38

Which endocrine gland is responsible for producing melatonin?

Accepted Answer

Pineal gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 39

Which hormone plays a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle in females?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Cortisol

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT considered a major endocrine gland in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Thymus gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 41

Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 42

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla and triggers the 'fight-or-flight' response, characterized by increased heart rate and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin

Answer

Regulation of body temperature by thyroxine

Answer

Regulation of milk production by prolactin

Answer

Regulation of growth by growth hormone

Question 44

Which endocrine disorder results from an excessive secretion of growth hormone during childhood, leading to abnormal growth and skeletal overgrowth?

Accepted Answer

Gigantism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Dwarfism

Question 45

Which hormone is involved in the transformation of larval amphibians into adult frogs?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Prolactin

Question 46

Which hormone plays a crucial role in regulating sleep-wake cycles by promoting drowsiness and reducing alertness?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 47

How does the hypothalamus act as a bridge between the nervous and endocrine systems, contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus receives signals from the nervous system and hormonal signals from the pituitary gland, integrating them to maintain homeostasis.

Answer

The hypothalamus solely regulates body temperature and water balance.

Answer

The hypothalamus releases hormones that directly regulate target organs in the body.

Answer

The hypothalamus is not involved in the integration of the nervous and endocrine systems.

Question 48

How does growth hormone (GH) contribute to growth and development throughout different stages of the human life cycle?

Accepted Answer

GH stimulates cartilage growth and protein synthesis, promoting bone growth in children and adolescents.

Accepted Answer

GH regulates insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), which support cell growth and division, influencing overall body growth and development.

Answer

GH does not directly stimulate the production of thyroid hormones, which are essential for growth and development.

Question 49

Which endocrine gland secretes the hormone thyroxine, regulating metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 50

Insulin is a hormone known for regulating which physiological parameter?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose levels

Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Body temperature

Answer

Heart rate

Question 51

Which mechanism do hormones primarily utilize to transmit signals to target cells?

Accepted Answer

Signal transduction

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Diffusion

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of hormones?

Accepted Answer

Long-lived

Answer

Chemical messengers

Answer

Produced by specialized cells or glands

Answer

Released directly into the bloodstream

Question 53

How does the hypothalamus primarily control the pituitary gland's hormone release?

Accepted Answer

Indirectly via releasing and inhibiting hormones

Answer

Directly via nerve impulses

Answer

Through blood glucose levels

Answer

Via the adrenal glands

Question 54

Which hormone acts in opposition to insulin in regulating blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 55

What is the primary role of negative feedback in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining hormone levels within a narrow range

Answer

Stimulating the release of hormones

Answer

Inhibiting the release of hormones

Answer

Increasing sensitivity to hormones

Question 56

Which of the following conditions is primarily caused by hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Grave's disease

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Diabetes

Question 57

Which hormone is primarily released by the adrenal cortex in response to stressful situations?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 58

What is the primary objective of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

Accepted Answer

Replacing hormones that the body can no longer produce

Answer

Stimulating the body to produce more hormones

Answer

Blocking the effects of hormones

Answer

Altering the target cell receptors

Question 59

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development and function of female reproductive organs?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 60

The release of pituitary hormones is controlled by the:

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Fighting infections

Answer

Maintaining homeostasis

Answer

Regulating metabolism

Answer

Controlling growth and development

Question 62

Which feedback loop type occurs when an output inhibits the stimulus it initially triggered?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Answer

Positive feedback

Answer

Ultradian feedback

Answer

Circadian feedback

Question 63

The adrenal gland hormone that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance is:

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Thyroxine (T4)

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Cortisol

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of hormones?

Accepted Answer

Transporting nutrients to cells

Answer

Regulating metabolism

Answer

Maintaining homeostasis

Answer

Facilitating growth and development