Geomorphology Quizzes: Master Landforms and Processes

Question 1

What is the name of the landform created by the accumulation of sediment deposited by a river?

Accepted Answer

Delta

Answer

Moraine

Answer

Sand dune

Answer

Spit

Question 2

What is the geological term for a massive body of ice that moves slowly over land?

Accepted Answer

Glacier

Answer

Iceberg

Answer

Avalanche

Answer

Crevasse

Question 3

Which process is responsible for the formation of sand dunes?

Accepted Answer

Aeolic erosion

Answer

Fluvial erosion

Answer

Glacial erosion

Answer

Marine erosion

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a meandering river?

Accepted Answer

Straight channel

Answer

Sinuous course

Answer

Point bar deposits

Answer

Cut banks

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a primary factor influencing weathering rates on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Ocean currents

Answer

Climate

Answer

Rock type

Answer

Biological activity

Question 6

What is the term for the physical breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces due to temperature changes?

Accepted Answer

Frost shattering

Answer

Hydrolysis

Answer

Carbonation

Answer

Oxidation

Question 7

Which of the following is the end product of chemical weathering?

Accepted Answer

Clay minerals

Answer

Sand

Answer

Gravel

Answer

Silt

Question 8

What is the name of the process by which sediment is carried downstream by a river?

Accepted Answer

Transportation

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Abrasion

Question 9

Which of the following is the largest type of delta formed at the mouth of a river?

Accepted Answer

Arcuate delta

Answer

Birdfoot delta

Answer

Lacustrine delta

Answer

Estuarine delta

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic feature NOT typically found in karst landscapes?

Accepted Answer

Glaciers

Answer

Sinkholes

Answer

Caves

Answer

Waterfalls

Question 11

What is the term for a large, isolated rock formation that has been separated from its parent rock by weathering and erosion?

Accepted Answer

Tor

Answer

Mesa

Answer

Butte

Answer

Hoodoo

Question 12

Which of the following is the primary agent responsible for the formation of U-shaped valleys?

Accepted Answer

Ice erosion

Answer

Water erosion

Answer

Wind erosion

Answer

Mass movement

Question 13

What is the name of the process by which sediment is deposited directly from a glacier?

Accepted Answer

Moraine formation

Answer

Drumlin formation

Answer

Erratic deposition

Answer

Roches moutonnées formation

Question 14

What is the geomorphic process that involves the wearing away of landforms by the action of flowing water?

Accepted Answer

Erosion

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Mass wasting

Question 15

Identify the landform created by the deposition of sediments at the mouth of a river.

Accepted Answer

Delta

Answer

Moraine

Answer

Sand dune

Answer

Meander

Question 16

What is the term for the downslope movement of rock and soil primarily driven by gravity?

Accepted Answer

Mass wasting

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Weathering

Question 17

What is the name of the process that transforms loose sediments into solid rock?

Accepted Answer

Lithification

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Deposition

Question 18

Identify an example of a landform created by glacial processes.

Accepted Answer

Moraine

Answer

Sand dune

Answer

Meander

Answer

Delta

Question 19

What is the term for the scientific study of the physical features of the Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

Geomorphology

Answer

Geology

Answer

Geography

Answer

Climatology

Question 20

Define erosion as a geomorphic process:

Accepted Answer

The movement of weathered materials

Answer

The breakdown of rocks into smaller particles

Answer

The accumulation of sediments in a new location

Answer

The uplifting of landforms

Question 21

In arid environments, which agent of erosion plays the most significant role?

Accepted Answer

Wind

Answer

Water

Answer

Ice

Answer

Gravity

Question 22

When does the process of deposition occur?

Accepted Answer

When eroded materials lose energy and settle

Answer

When landforms are uplifted by tectonic forces

Answer

When weathering breaks down rocks into smaller particles

Answer

When erosion removes sediments from their original location

Question 23

Which landform type is primarily shaped by the erosive action of glaciers?

Accepted Answer

U-shaped valleys

Answer

Sand dunes

Answer

Beaches

Answer

Canyons

Question 24

The concept of dynamic equilibrium in geomorphology refers to:

Accepted Answer

Erosion and deposition occurring at equal rates, maintaining landforms

Answer

Continuous changes in landforms over time

Answer

Landforms remaining static and unchanging

Answer

Weathering processes being the dominant force shaping landforms

Question 25

Explain how the process of salt crystallization contributes to weathering:

Accepted Answer

It causes physical weathering by expanding and contracting rocks

Answer

It leads to chemical weathering by breaking down minerals

Answer

It promotes erosion by weakening rock surfaces

Answer

It inhibits weathering by creating a protective layer

Question 26

Classify the following landform as either erosional or depositional: Canyon

Accepted Answer

Erosional landform

Answer

Depositional landform

Answer

Neither erosional nor depositional

Answer

Both erosional and depositional

Question 27

What type of weathering involves the breakdown of rocks by chemical reactions, such as oxidation or hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Chemical weathering

Answer

Mechanical weathering

Answer

Biological weathering

Answer

Physical weathering

Question 28

Which of the following agents of erosion is most effective in transporting large boulders, such as those found in glacial moraines?

Accepted Answer

Ice

Answer

Wind

Answer

Water

Answer

Gravity

Question 29

What is the name of the sediment deposited directly by glaciers, which is typically composed of a mixture of various materials ranging from clay to boulders?

Accepted Answer

Till

Answer

Loess

Answer

Sand dunes

Answer

Alluvial deposits

Question 30

What is the term for the process where sediment is picked up and transported by an agent of erosion, such as water, wind, or ice?

Accepted Answer

Entrainment

Answer

Transportation

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Accumulation

Question 31

Which of the following is an example of a constructive landform, which is built up by the deposition of materials?

Accepted Answer

Sand dunes

Answer

Volcanoes

Answer

Caves

Answer

Fjords

Question 32

What is the name of the process that occurs when water seeps into cracks in rocks and freezes, causing them to expand and break apart, which is particularly common in cold climates?

Accepted Answer

Frost shattering

Answer

Exfoliation

Answer

Hydrolysis

Answer

Carbonation

Question 33

What is the term for the scientific discipline that studies the shape and structure of the Earth's surface, including landforms, topography, and the processes that create them?

Accepted Answer

Geomorphology

Answer

Topography

Answer

Geology

Answer

Geochemistry

Question 34

What type of weathering involves chemical reactions that break down minerals in rocks?

Accepted Answer

Chemical weathering

Answer

Physical weathering

Answer

Biological weathering

Answer

Mechanical weathering

Question 35

In arid environments, which agent is primarily responsible for eroding and shaping the landscape?

Accepted Answer

Wind

Answer

Water

Answer

Ice

Answer

Gravity

Question 36

What is the term for the process by which sediments are laid down in a new location?

Accepted Answer

Deposition

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Transportation

Question 37

Which landform is commonly associated with glacial erosion?

Accepted Answer

Fjords

Answer

Sand dunes

Answer

Canyons

Answer

Deltas

Question 38

How do erosion and deposition interact to shape the features of a river's floodplain?

Accepted Answer

Erosion widens and deepens the river channel, while deposition creates natural levees and point bars on the floodplain.

Answer

Deposition forms oxbow lakes and point bars, while erosion creates natural levees.

Answer

Erosion is dominant on the inside of river bends, while deposition occurs on the outside.

Answer

Deposition is solely responsible for creating floodplains, while erosion has no role.

Question 39

Identify the option that does NOT represent a type of weathering:

Accepted Answer

Condensation

Answer

Mechanical weathering

Answer

Biological weathering

Answer

Chemical weathering

Question 40

Which erosive agent is primarily responsible for carving river valleys and canyons?

Accepted Answer

Water

Answer

Wind

Answer

Ice

Answer

Gravity

Question 41

When a river's velocity decreases and it deposits sediment over low-lying areas, this type of deposition is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Floodplain deposition

Answer

Morainic deposition

Answer

Deltaic deposition

Answer

Loess deposition

Question 42

Which feature is characteristically associated with glaciers?

Accepted Answer

Crevasses

Answer

Sand dunes

Answer

Karst topography

Answer

Meanders

Question 43

In geology, what type of fold occurs when rock layers are bent into an upward arch?

Accepted Answer

Anticline

Answer

Monocline

Answer

Fault

Answer

Syncline

Question 44

Which theory best explains the movement of Earth's tectonic plates?

Accepted Answer

Plate tectonics

Answer

Seafloor spreading

Answer

Isostasy

Answer

Continental drift

Question 45

Which of the following agents of erosion is responsible for creating U-shaped valleys?

Accepted Answer

Glaciers

Answer

Rivers

Answer

Waves

Answer

Wind

Question 46

The process by which dissolved minerals are removed from rocks is known as:

Accepted Answer

Chemical weathering

Answer

Biological weathering

Answer

Mechanical weathering

Answer

Erosion

Question 47

Which of the following landforms is formed by deposition of sediment by a river?

Accepted Answer

Delta

Answer

Esker

Answer

Till

Question 48

The type of fault where rocks move horizontally past each other is called a:

Accepted Answer

Strike-slip fault

Answer

Normal fault

Answer

Reverse fault

Answer

Oblique fault

Question 49

The term used to describe the process by which rocks break down into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition is:

Accepted Answer

Mechanical weathering

Answer

Chemical weathering

Answer

Biological weathering

Answer

Erosion

Question 50

Which of the following is an example of a depositional landform created by waves?

Accepted Answer

Beach

Answer

Esker

Answer

Moraine

Answer

Dune

Question 51

Which of the following is the primary driving force behind plate tectonics?

Accepted Answer

Convection currents in the mantle

Answer

Ocean currents

Answer

Coriolis effect

Answer

Gravity