The Excretory System: Interactive Quizzes for Physical Education (Year 12)

Question 1

Which of these organs is NOT part of the excretory system?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Urethra

Answer

Nephrons

Question 2

What term describes the condition characterized by excessive urine production?

Accepted Answer

Polyuria

Answer

Oliguria

Answer

Anuria

Answer

Dysuria

Question 3

What is the primary role of the loop of Henle in urine concentration?

Accepted Answer

Establishing a concentration gradient

Answer

Facilitating water reabsorption

Answer

Regulating ion exchange

Answer

Filtering waste products

Question 4

Which part of the nephron is responsible for the reabsorption of essential nutrients and water?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer

Loop of Henle

Answer

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer

Collecting duct

Question 5

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood pressure by influencing sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 6

Which of the following organs is NOT directly involved in the excretory system?

Accepted Answer

Heart

Answer

Skin

Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Bladder

Question 7

Which disease commonly affects the kidneys' ability to filter blood effectively?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Kidney stones

Answer

Urinary tract infection

Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 8

Besides removing waste products, what other important function does the liver perform in relation to the excretory system?

Accepted Answer

Filters blood and removes toxic substances

Answer

Produces enzymes that aid in digestion

Answer

Stores bile for digestion

Answer

Regulates body temperature

Question 9

What is the primary role of the glomerulus in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Filtration of blood

Answer

Reabsorption of water and nutrients

Answer

Secretion of waste products

Answer

Urine concentration

Question 10

Which hormone primarily regulates water reabsorption in the collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 11

What is the main nitrogenous waste product found in urine?

Accepted Answer

Urea

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Potassium

Answer

Glucose

Question 12

What is the liver's primary function in relation to the excretory system?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of waste products

Answer

Filtration of blood

Answer

Production of urine

Answer

Reabsorption of water

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the excretory system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Answer

Removal of waste products

Answer

Regulation of blood pressure

Answer

Maintenance of electrolyte balance

Question 14

What physiological process allows waste products to pass from the blood into the Bowman's capsule?

Accepted Answer

Filtration

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Reabsorption

Answer

Secretion

Question 15

Which hormone is responsible for regulating the reabsorption of water in the collecting duct, affecting urine concentration?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Estrogen

Question 16

What is the primary nitrogenous waste product excreted by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Urea

Answer

Creatinine

Answer

Uric acid

Answer

Ammonia

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a critical function of the excretory system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of hormones

Answer

Elimination of waste products

Answer

Regulation of electrolyte balance

Answer

Maintenance of acid-base balance

Question 18

What is the medical term for the surgical procedure that creates an alternative pathway for urine to exit the body by connecting the bladder to the abdominal wall?

Accepted Answer

Cystostomy

Answer

Nephrectomy

Answer

Dialysis

Answer

Ureterostomy

Question 19

The primary function of the excretory system is to:

Accepted Answer

Remove metabolic waste products and excess water

Answer

Regulate body temperature

Answer

Protect the body from pathogens

Answer

Transport nutrients and oxygen

Question 20

Blood is filtered, and urine is produced in which organ?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Ureters

Answer

Bladder

Answer

Urethra

Question 21

The functional unit of the kidney is called a:

Accepted Answer

Nephron

Answer

Glomerulus

Answer

Loop of Henle

Answer

Renal tubule

Question 22

Water reabsorption in the kidneys is regulated by which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Renin

Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 23

Urine is transported from the kidneys to the bladder through which tube?

Accepted Answer

Ureter

Answer

Urethra

Answer

Vas deferens

Answer

Collecting duct

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a component of urine?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Answer

Water

Answer

Urea

Answer

Creatinine

Question 25

The bladder's role in the excretory system is to:

Accepted Answer

Store urine

Answer

Produce urine

Answer

Filter blood

Answer

Transport urine out of the body

Question 26

Inflammation of the kidneys is called:

Accepted Answer

Nephritis

Answer

Cystitis

Answer

Urethritis

Answer

Pyelonephritis

Question 27

Dehydration is considered a risk factor for developing:

Accepted Answer

Kidney stones

Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Arthritis

Answer

Allergies

Question 28

Which lifestyle factor can negatively affect kidney function?

Accepted Answer

Drinking sugary beverages

Answer

Reducing salt intake

Answer

Exercising regularly

Answer

Maintaining a healthy weight

Question 29

Compare the roles of the excretory system and liver in waste removal. How do they differ in this aspect?

Accepted Answer

The excretory system removes nitrogenous waste (urea) through urine, while the liver filters various waste products from the blood.

Answer

Both organs primarily excrete nitrogenous waste products as urea.

Answer

The liver produces bile, while the excretory system produces urine.

Answer

The excretory system removes solid waste, whereas the liver removes liquid waste.

Question 30

Describe how the juxtaglomerular apparatus contributes to blood pressure regulation, explaining its connection to the excretory system's function.

Accepted Answer

The juxtaglomerular apparatus detects changes in blood pressure and adjusts glomerular filtration rate accordingly.

Answer

The juxtaglomerular apparatus produces hormones that directly constrict blood vessels.

Answer

The juxtaglomerular apparatus solely regulates blood volume, not blood pressure.

Answer

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is unrelated to the excretory system's functions.

Question 31

How does the excretory system help regulate blood pH levels and maintain the body's acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

By removing excess hydrogen ions (H+) in urine and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)

Answer

By releasing hormones that directly change the pH of body fluids

Answer

By absorbing excess carbon dioxide (CO2) from the blood

Answer

By breaking down acids and bases in the liver

Question 32

Which of the following functions is NOT performed by the excretory system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone production

Answer

Regulation of body fluid composition

Answer

Waste removal

Answer

Regulation of blood pressure

Question 33

In which structure of the nephron does the final stage of urine formation occur?

Accepted Answer

Collecting ducts

Answer

Glomerulus

Answer

Loop of Henle

Question 34

Which hormone plays a crucial role in regulating water reabsorption in the collecting ducts?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 35

Which blood vessel brings deoxygenated blood into the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

Afferent arteriole

Answer

Efferent arteriole

Answer

Peritubular capillary

Answer

Vasa recta

Question 36

What is the primary nitrogenous waste product excreted by the human body?

Accepted Answer

Urea

Answer

Uric acid

Answer

Ammonia

Answer

Creatinine

Question 37

Which structure is responsible for transporting urine away from the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Ureters

Answer

Bladder

Answer

Nephrons

Answer

Collecting ducts

Question 38

What is the medical term for the condition in which the kidneys lose their ability to filter blood effectively?

Accepted Answer

Renal failure

Answer

Nephrolithiasis

Answer

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Answer

Glomerulonephritis

Question 39

Which type of nephron is specialized for reabsorbing the majority of filtered water and nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Cortical nephron

Answer

Juxtaglomerular nephron

Answer

Loop of Henle nephron

Answer

Medullary nephron

Question 40

The primary component of the excretory system responsible for filtering waste from the blood and producing urine is the:

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Urinary bladder

Answer

Lungs

Answer

Liver

Question 41

Which hormone plays a crucial role in regulating water reabsorption in the kidney tubules, helping to maintain fluid balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Adrenaline

Question 42

The functional unit of the kidneys, responsible for filtering blood, reabsorbing essential substances, and producing urine, is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Nephron

Answer

Renal pelvis

Answer

Bowman's capsule

Answer

Ureter

Question 43

Henle's loop, a structure within the nephrons of the kidneys, plays a vital role in urine formation by:

Accepted Answer

Creating concentration gradients for water reabsorption, allowing the kidneys to concentrate urine

Answer

Storing urine before excretion

Answer

Filtering waste from the blood

Question 44

Which part of the urinary tract is responsible for transporting urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

Ureters

Answer

Bladder

Answer

Urethra

Answer

Nephrons

Question 45

The main nitrogenous waste product produced by metabolism in humans is:

Accepted Answer

Urea

Answer

Creatinine

Answer

Ammonia

Answer

Uric acid

Question 46

In addition to temperature regulation, sweating serves another important function in the excretory system by:

Accepted Answer

Eliminating waste products, such as urea and salts, through perspiration

Answer

Maintaining electrolyte balance

Answer

Prevents dehydration

Answer

Protects against infections

Question 47

The process of eliminating solid waste materials from the digestive tract through the anus is known as:

Accepted Answer

Defecation

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Micturition

Answer

Perspiration

Question 48

The rate of glomerular filtration, the initial step in urine formation, is influenced by several factors. Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects glomerular filtration rate?

Accepted Answer

pH of the urine

Answer

Width of the filtration slits

Answer

Blood pressure