Prenatal and Infancy Development Quizzes | Psychology Year 12

Question 1

Which characteristic does NOT belong to Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Symbolic representation

Answer

Object permanence

Answer

Sensorimotor reflexes

Answer

Imitation

Question 2

Infants with secure attachment, as defined by attachment theory, typically:

Accepted Answer

Explore their surroundings while staying near their caregivers.

Answer

Avoid their caregivers when distressed.

Answer

Cling tightly to their caregivers and become upset when separated.

Answer

Show no interest in their caregivers and don't seek their attention.

Question 3

Which characteristic is NOT associated with Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Conservation

Answer

Egocentrism

Answer

Centration

Answer

Irreversibility

Question 4

Which attachment style is characterized by a child's insecure and ambivalent behavior towards their caregiver, showing a mixture of seeking proximity and resisting it?

Accepted Answer

Anxious-ambivalent

Answer

Secure

Answer

Avoidant

Answer

Disorganized

Question 5

According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, the stage where children begin to use mental representations, such as symbols and images, to think about the world is:

Accepted Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Concrete operational

Answer

Formal operational

Question 6

The process by which neurons are strengthened, insulated, and protected during infancy, leading to increased neural efficiency, is called:

Accepted Answer

Myelination

Answer

Synaptogenesis

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Axonogenesis

Question 7

According to Erickson's psychosocial development theory, the primary conflict during infancy, which involves the infant's sense of trust and security in the world, is:

Accepted Answer

Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Answer

Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer

Industry vs. Inferiority

Question 8

Which of the following is a technique commonly used to study infancy development, involving observing and recording infants' behaviors in their natural environment?

Accepted Answer

Observational methods

Answer

Experimental methods

Answer

Case studies

Answer

Interviews

Question 9

In Piaget's theory, schemas refer to:

Accepted Answer

Mental representations of the world that infants use to organize and interpret their experiences

Answer

Learned behaviors that infants acquire through reinforcement and punishment

Answer

Innate reflexes that infants possess from birth

Answer

Social interactions that infants engage in with their caregivers

Question 10

Which of the following stages is NOT part of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Neonatal stage

Answer

Embryonic stage

Answer

Fetal stage

Answer

Zygote stage

Question 11

According to Piaget's theory, infants in the sensorimotor stage primarily focus on:

Accepted Answer

Exploring their environment through sensory and motor activities

Answer

Developing language skills

Answer

Developing abstract thinking skills

Answer

Forming social relationships

Question 12

Which type of attachment is characterized by secure and confident behavior in infants?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment

Answer

Avoidant attachment

Answer

Ambivalent attachment

Answer

Disorganized attachment

Question 13

The Apgar score is used to assess the health of a newborn based on:

Accepted Answer

Appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration

Answer

Weight, length, head circumference, skin color

Answer

Behavior, reflexes, feeding ability

Answer

Motor development, language skills, social interaction

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor associated with premature birth?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Maternal smoking

Answer

Multiple pregnancy

Answer

Advanced maternal age

Question 15

Which reflex is triggered in infants when they are startled by a sound?

Accepted Answer

Moro reflex

Answer

Rooting reflex

Answer

Sucking reflex

Answer

Grasping reflex

Question 16

The concept of 'scaffolding' in cognitive development refers to:

Accepted Answer

Providing support to help the child learn

Answer

Expecting the child to perform independently

Answer

Punishing the child for mistakes

Answer

Ignoring the child's attempts to learn

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Post-formal operational

Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Concrete operational

Question 18

According to Bowlby's attachment theory, which type of attachment is characterized by a child feeling secure and comfortable in the presence of their caregiver?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment

Answer

Avoidant attachment

Answer

Ambivalent attachment

Answer

Disorganized attachment

Question 19

According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, development occurs primarily through:

Accepted Answer

Social interactions and cultural influences

Answer

Individual exploration and discovery

Answer

Maturation and gene expression

Answer

Habituation and sensitization

Question 20

What is the primary function of the placenta during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

To exchange nutrients and oxygen between mother and fetus

Answer

To produce hormones that maintain the pregnancy

Answer

To protect the fetus from infection

Answer

To facilitate the fetus's movement within the uterus

Question 21

The Moro reflex is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

Unconditioned reflex

Answer

Conditioned reflex

Answer

Operant reflex

Answer

Classical reflex

Question 22

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, the first stage of development is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Trust vs. mistrust

Answer

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Answer

Initiative vs. guilt

Answer

Industry vs. inferiority

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a recognized stage of human prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Neonatal

Answer

Embryonic

Answer

Fetal

Answer

Germinal

Question 24

According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which stage is characterized by the emergence of object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Concrete operational

Answer

Formal operational

Question 25

The concept of 'scaffolding' in developmental psychology refers to:

Accepted Answer

Providing temporary support to facilitate learning

Answer

Enforcing strict rules on a child's behavior

Answer

Allowing a child to explore without any guidance

Answer

Using punishment to correct mistakes

Question 26

The process by which the developing fetus receives oxygen and nutrients from the mother is known as:

Accepted Answer

Placental circulation

Answer

Amniotic circulation

Answer

Fetal circulation

Answer

Umbilical circulation

Question 27

According to attachment theory, which of the following is considered a secure attachment style in infants?

Accepted Answer

The infant seeks comfort from the caregiver when distressed and explores the environment confidently.

Answer

The infant avoids the caregiver when distressed and explores the environment cautiously.

Answer

The infant clings to the caregiver and shows little interest in exploring the environment.

Answer

The infant is indifferent to the caregiver and explores the environment independently.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a recognized stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Post-formal operational

Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Concrete operational

Question 29

According to John Bowlby's attachment theory, which attachment style is characterized by insecure and anxious behavior, often seeking closeness with the caregiver?

Accepted Answer

Ambivalent

Answer

Secure

Answer

Avoidant

Answer

Disorganized

Question 30

What is the term for the reflex that causes newborns to instinctively turn their heads towards a touch on the cheek?

Accepted Answer

Rooting reflex

Answer

Grasping reflex

Answer

Moro reflex

Answer

Babinski reflex

Question 31

Which of the following is a characteristic of the preoperational stage of cognitive development, as described by Jean Piaget?

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism, where children struggle to understand perspectives other than their own

Answer

Conservation, where children understand that quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance

Answer

Reversibility, where children can mentally undo actions and understand cause-and-effect relationships

Answer

Abstract reasoning, where children can think logically and solve complex problems

Question 32

According to Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, what is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?

Accepted Answer

The range of tasks that a child can perform with the guidance and support of a more knowledgeable person

Answer

The range of tasks that a child can perform independently without any assistance

Answer

The range of tasks that a child cannot yet perform, even with assistance

Answer

The range of tasks that a child has already mastered and can perform confidently

Question 33

Which hormone plays a crucial role in stimulating uterine contractions during labor, leading to childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Testosterone

Question 34

When an infant looks to their mother's face to understand how to react to a new object, this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Social referencing

Answer

Stranger anxiety

Answer

Imitation

Question 35

How does Vygotsky's sociocultural theory explain how infants develop higher-level thinking skills?

Accepted Answer

Through social interactions and cultural tools like language

Answer

Through physical growth and biological changes

Answer

Through independent exploration and experimentation

Question 36

Which stage of prenatal development is characterized by the formation of the embryo and the development of vital organs?

Accepted Answer

Embryonic stage

Answer

Germinal stage

Answer

Fetal stage

Answer

Neonatal stage

Question 37

When a baby turns its head towards a touch on its cheek, it is demonstrating the:

Accepted Answer

Rooting Reflex

Answer

Babinski Reflex

Answer

Grasping Reflex

Answer

Moro Reflex

Question 38

According to Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation, a baby who is distressed when their mother leaves, but seeks comfort and is easily soothed upon her return, shows:

Accepted Answer

Secure Attachment

Answer

Insecure-Resistant Attachment

Answer

Insecure-Avoidant Attachment

Answer

Disorganized Attachment

Question 39

The critical period for language development is generally considered to be:

Accepted Answer

From infancy to early childhood

Answer

Only during the first year of life

Answer

Throughout the lifespan

Answer

During adolescence

Question 40

Which of the following is a substance that can negatively impact prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol

Answer

Iron

Answer

Folic acid

Answer

Sunlight

Question 41

The process of synaptic pruning during infancy mainly involves:

Accepted Answer

Eliminating unused neural connections

Answer

Increasing the size of neurons

Answer

Myelination of all axons

Answer

Developing new neurons in the hippocampus

Question 42

A baby who learns that crying gets them held by a caregiver is demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

Operant Conditioning

Answer

Classical Conditioning

Answer

Habituation

Answer

Social Learning

Question 43

The Apgar scale, given right after birth, assesses a newborn's:

Accepted Answer

Physical health and vital signs

Answer

Cognitive abilities

Answer

Risk for developmental delays

Answer

Temperament and personality

Question 44

Object permanence, the understanding that objects exist even when hidden, typically develops in which of Piaget's stages?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Formal Operational

Answer

Concrete Operational

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of infant-directed speech (IDS)?

Accepted Answer

Complex grammatical structures

Answer

High-pitched tone

Answer

Exaggerated intonation

Answer

Repetitive phrases