Transition Metals: Properties, Reactions, and Applications

Question 1

How do the unique properties of transition metals make them essential for technological applications like batteries, fuel cells, and medical imaging?

Accepted Answer

Transition metals are vital for batteries because they can exist in multiple oxidation states, enabling electrochemical reactions.

Accepted Answer

In fuel cells, transition metals act as catalysts, speeding up the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.

Accepted Answer

Transition metals are used as contrast agents in medical imaging, enhancing the visibility of specific body structures.

Answer

Transition metals are not used in solar panels to capture and convert sunlight into electricity.

Question 2

How does X-ray crystallography help us determine the molecular structure of transition metal complexes?

Accepted Answer

X-ray crystallography uses X-rays to create a diffraction pattern that reveals the molecular structure.

Accepted Answer

X-ray crystallography can provide information about bond lengths and angles in transition metal complexes.

Answer

X-ray crystallography is only useful for determining the structure of organic molecules.

Answer

X-ray crystallography is a destructive technique that damages the sample being analyzed.

Question 3

How do transition metal impurities affect the electronic properties of semiconductors, and what are the implications for device performance?

Accepted Answer

Transition metal impurities can introduce donor levels within the semiconductor's band gap, increasing electron density and conductivity.

Accepted Answer

Transition metal impurities can create deep level traps within the band gap of the semiconductor, reducing carrier mobility and affecting device functionality.

Answer

Transition metal impurities have negligible effects on the electronic properties of semiconductors.

Answer

Transition metal impurities can enhance the thermal conductivity of semiconductors.

Question 4

Analyze the environmental impact of transition metals, considering their potential toxicity and the strategies used to mitigate their impact.

Accepted Answer

Recycling, recovery, and substitution are strategies used to minimize the environmental impact of transition metals.

Answer

Transition metals are essential for life and have no negative environmental effects.

Answer

Landfilling and incineration are effective methods for reducing the environmental impact of transition metals.

Answer

The environmental impact of transition metals is limited to their use in electronic devices.

Question 5

Which spectroscopic technique can directly reveal the number of unpaired electrons in a transition metal complex?

Accepted Answer

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy

Answer

UV-Vis spectroscopy

Answer

IR spectroscopy

Answer

Mass spectrometry

Question 6

To obtain an octahedral complex with the maximum number of unpaired electrons, which combination of ligand field strength and geometry is necessary?

Accepted Answer

Strong ligand field, octahedral geometry

Answer

Weak ligand field, octahedral geometry

Answer

Strong ligand field, tetrahedral geometry

Answer

Weak ligand field, square planar geometry

Question 7

In biological electron transport chains, transition metals play a crucial role. Explain how they facilitate the efficient transfer of electrons.

Accepted Answer

Transition metals act as redox centers, undergoing oxidation-reduction reactions to enable electron flow.

Answer

Transition metals stabilize the electron transport chain by forming strong covalent bonds with the proteins involved.

Answer

Transition metals provide the energy needed for the electron transport chain to function.

Answer

Transition metals are not involved in biological electron transport chains.

Question 8

Which of the following ligands is classified as a strong-field ligand?

Accepted Answer

CN-

Answer

H2O

Answer

NH3

Answer

Cl-

Question 9

Identify the reaction that represents oxidative addition:

Accepted Answer

Cr(CO)6 + Cl2 → Cr(CO)4Cl2 + 2CO

Answer

Ni(CO)4 + 2CO → Ni(CO)6

Answer

Fe(CO)5 + H2 → Fe2(CO)9

Answer

CoCl3 + 6NH3 → [Co(NH3)6]Cl3

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an application of transition metals in catalysis?

Accepted Answer

Production of ceramics

Answer

Catalytic converters

Answer

Hydrogenation of alkenes

Answer

Polymerization of plastics

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a homoleptic complex?

Accepted Answer

[Co(NH3)6]Cl3

Answer

[Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl

Answer

[Co(NH3)3Cl3]

Answer

[CoCl4]2-

Question 12

Which of the following is a strong-field ligand?

Accepted Answer

CN-

Answer

Cl-

Answer

NH3

Answer

H2O

Question 13

Which of the following reactions is an example of a redox reaction involving a transition metal?

Accepted Answer

Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2

Answer

CuSO4 + H2O → Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4

Answer

2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl

Answer

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

Question 14

Which of the following is a d-block element?

Accepted Answer

Chromium

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Chlorine

Answer

Argon

Question 15

What is the hybridization of the metal ion in [Fe(CN)6]4-?

Accepted Answer

sp3d2

Answer

sp

Answer

sp2

Answer

sp3

Question 16

Which of the following oxidation states is NOT typically exhibited by transition metals?

Accepted Answer

+8

Answer

+1

Answer

+2

Answer

+3

Question 17

Which of the following ligands is considered a strong-field ligand, resulting in a large crystal field splitting?

Accepted Answer

CN-

Answer

Cl-

Answer

NH3

Answer

H2O

Question 18

The coordination complex [Fe(CN)6]^4- has a total of how many unpaired electrons?

Accepted Answer

0

Answer

1

Answer

2

Answer

3

Question 19

Which of the following is a defining property of transition metals?

Accepted Answer

Variable oxidation states

Answer

High melting points

Answer

Diamagnetic nature

Answer

Non-reactivity

Question 20

Which of the following reactions illustrates the role of transition metals in redox reactions?

Accepted Answer

Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu

Answer

2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl

Answer

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O

Answer

2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2

Question 21

Identify the type of chemical bonding prevalent in coordination complexes.

Accepted Answer

Coordinate covalent bonding

Answer

Ionic bonding

Answer

Covalent bonding

Answer

Metallic bonding

Question 22

Provide the systematic name for the complex ion [Fe(CN)6]4-.

Accepted Answer

Hexacyanoferrate(III) ion

Answer

Hexacyanoferrate(II) ion

Answer

Hexacyanoferrate(IV) ion

Answer

Hexacyanoferrate(V) ion

Question 23

Identify a ligand classified as a strong-field ligand.

Accepted Answer

CO

Answer

NH3

Answer

Cl-

Answer

H2O

Question 24

What is the geometry of [Fe(CN)₆]^3-?

Accepted Answer

Octahedral

Answer

Tetrahedral

Answer

Square planar

Answer

Trigonal bipyramidal

Question 25

Which of the following is a homogeneous catalyst?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes in a living organism

Answer

Platinum in a catalytic converter

Answer

Acid in a neutralization reaction

Answer

Base in a saponification reaction

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT an application of transition metals?

Accepted Answer

Semiconductors in computer chips

Answer

Alloys in steel

Answer

Electrodes in batteries

Answer

Pigments in paints

Question 27

What is the oxidation state of iron in the compound K₄[Fe(CN)₆]?

Accepted Answer

+4

Answer

+2

Answer

+3

Answer

+6

Question 28

Write the IUPAC name for the complex [Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂]

Accepted Answer

Diamminechloridoplatinum(II)

Answer

Dichlorodiammineplatinum(IV)

Answer

Tetraammineplatinum(II) chloride

Answer

Hexachloroplatinate(IV) diammine

Question 29

Indicate the coordination number of the metal ion within the complex [Fe(CN)6]4-.

Accepted Answer

6

Answer

4

Answer

8

Answer

12

Question 30

Describe the geometry of the octahedral complex [Co(NH3)6]3+.

Accepted Answer

Octahedral

Answer

Square planar

Answer

Tetrahedral

Answer

Trigonal bipyramidal

Question 31

Which of the following reactions is commonly exhibited by transition metals?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation-reduction reactions

Answer

Acid-base reactions

Answer

Precipitation reactions

Answer

Combustion reactions

Question 32

Which of the following oxidation states is NOT commonly observed for transition metals?

Accepted Answer

+5

Answer

+1

Answer

+2

Answer

+3

Question 33

Determine the coordination number of the metal ion in the complex ion [Fe(CN)6]4-.

Accepted Answer

6

Answer

4

Answer

5

Answer

7

Question 34

Identify the strong field ligand in the following options:

Accepted Answer

CN-

Answer

Cl-

Answer

NH3

Answer

H2O

Question 35

Which of the following elements does NOT belong to the d-block of transition metals?

Accepted Answer

Sc

Answer

Ti

Answer

V

Answer

Cu

Question 36

Determine the hybridization of the central metal ion in the complex ion [Co(NH3)6]3+.

Accepted Answer

sp3

Answer

sp

Answer

sp2

Answer

dsp2

Question 37

Identify the transition metal most commonly employed as a catalyst in heterogeneous catalysis.

Accepted Answer

Pt

Answer

Ni

Answer

Fe

Answer

Cu

Question 38

Explain the role of EDTA in the titration of metal ions.

Accepted Answer

Complexing agent

Answer

Indicator

Answer

Standard solution

Answer

Catalyst

Question 39

What is the coordination number of the metal ion in the complex [Fe(CN)6]4-?

Accepted Answer

6

Answer

2

Answer

4

Answer

8

Question 40

Which of the following is a characteristic property of transition metals?

Accepted Answer

Variable oxidation states

Answer

High melting points

Answer

Low ionization energy

Answer

Non-magnetic

Question 41

What type of catalysis is involved in the Haber process?

Accepted Answer

Heterogeneous

Answer

Homogeneous

Answer

Autocatalysis

Answer

Zeolitic

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the toxicity of heavy transition metals?

Accepted Answer

Essential for life

Answer

Enzyme inhibition

Answer

Accumulation in tissues

Answer

Formation of reactive oxygen species

Question 43

Which of the following is a d-block element?

Accepted Answer

Nickel

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Chlorine

Answer

Oxygen

Question 44

What is the oxidation state of vanadium in the compound V2O5?

Accepted Answer

+5

Answer

+2

Answer

+3

Answer

+4

Question 45

Which of the following ligands is a chelating agent?

Accepted Answer

Ethylenediamine

Answer

Water

Answer

Ammonia

Answer

Chloride

Question 46

Explain how the spectrochemical series helps predict the colors of transition metal complexes.

Accepted Answer

It enables the prediction of the colors of transition metal complexes.

Answer

It allows for predicting the stability of transition metal complexes.

Answer

It helps determine the magnetic properties of transition metal complexes.

Question 47

Which method aligns with green chemistry principles for minimizing environmental impact during the synthesis of transition metal complexes?

Accepted Answer

Utilizing renewable resources

Answer

Increasing product toxicity

Answer

Eliminating the use of catalysts

Answer

Producing in large quantities

Question 48

Analyze the environmental impact of transition metal pollution. Discuss the measures implemented to reduce their release and the challenges encountered in their execution.

Accepted Answer

Bioremediation and phytoremediation are promising methods for mitigating transition metal pollution.

Answer

Transition metals pose minimal environmental risks due to their low toxicity.

Answer

Current regulations and monitoring systems effectively prevent the release of transition metals into the environment.

Answer

The environmental impact of transition metals is insignificant compared to other pollutants.

Question 49

Transition metals have numerous applications, but their use also raises ethical and societal concerns. Discuss these implications, considering both the potential benefits and environmental impacts of transition metal utilization.

Accepted Answer

Ethical and societal implications of transition metal use should be carefully considered, balancing potential benefits with environmental impacts.

Answer

Transition metals are always beneficial and never pose ethical or societal concerns.

Answer

Ethical and societal implications of transition metal use are not significant and can be ignored.

Answer

Transition metals should be used without regard to their ethical and societal consequences.

Question 50

The d-block element that can exhibit the highest oxidation state is:

Accepted Answer

Osmium

Answer

Chromium

Answer

Iron

Answer

Manganese

Question 51

Identify the correct name and formula for the coordination complex [Fe(CO)5]:

Accepted Answer

Pentacarbonyl iron(0)

Answer

Tetracarbonyl iron(II)

Answer

Pentacarbonyl iron(II)

Question 52

Which of the following ligands is considered a weak-field ligand?

Accepted Answer

Cl-

Answer

CN-

Answer

NH3

Answer

en

Question 53

The primary function of a catalytic converter in a car is to:

Accepted Answer

Convert harmful gases into less harmful substances

Answer

Prevent the formation of carbon monoxide

Answer

Eliminate particulate matter from exhaust emissions

Answer

Enhance the octane rating of the fuel

Question 54

Which of the following **is NOT** a characteristic of transition metal oxides?

Accepted Answer

High electrical conductivity

Answer

High magnetic susceptibility

Answer

Catalytic activity

Answer

Variable oxidation states

Question 55

Which d-block element is used in the production of stainless steel?

Accepted Answer

Chromium

Answer

Zinc

Answer

Copper

Answer

Nickel

Question 56

The transition metal with the greatest density is:

Accepted Answer

Osmium

Answer

Gold

Answer

Iridium

Answer

Platinum

Question 57

Which property is **not** characteristic of transition metals?

Accepted Answer

High electronegativity

Answer

Variable oxidation states

Answer

Metallic luster

Answer

Ability to form complex ions

Question 58

Which of the following ligands is a strong-field ligand?

Accepted Answer

CN-

Answer

NH3

Answer

Cl-

Answer

H2O

Question 59

What is the geometry of the complex [Co(NH3)6]Cl3?

Accepted Answer

Octahedral

Answer

Trigonal bipyramidal

Answer

Tetrahedral

Answer

Square planar

Question 60

What is the active site in hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Heme group with Fe2+

Answer

Zinc ion

Answer

Copper center

Answer

Cobalt cluster

Question 61

Which of the following is a common oxidation-reduction reaction involving transition metals?

Accepted Answer

Displacement of a less active metal by a more active metal

Answer

Precipitation reaction

Answer

Neutralization reaction

Question 62

What is the IUPAC name of the complex [Cr(en)2Cl2]+?

Accepted Answer

Dichloridobis(ethylenediamine)chromium(III) ion

Answer

Bis(ethylenediamine)chromium(II) chloride

Answer

Chromium(III) ethylenediamine chloride

Answer

Ethylenediaminedichlorochromium(III) ion

Question 63

Which of the following ligands is considered a strong-field ligand?

Accepted Answer

CN-

Answer

H2O

Answer

NH3

Answer

Cl-

Question 64

Transition metals serve as effective catalysts because they:

Accepted Answer

Facilitate the formation of unstable intermediates

Answer

Are highly reactive

Answer

Possess extensive surface areas

Answer

Undergo rapid oxidation