Coastal Landscapes: Formation, Processes, and Management

Question 1

Which of the following factors does NOT have a direct impact on the rate of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Mineral composition of rocks

Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Beach gradient

Answer

Tidal range

Question 2

Coastal erosion involves the gradual wearing away of the coastline by natural forces. Which of these is a typical feature of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Retreating cliffs

Answer

Accumulation of sediment on the beach

Answer

Formation of sand dunes

Answer

Development of coral reefs

Question 3

Which of the following is **not** a coastal landform created by erosion?

Accepted Answer

Moraine

Answer

Headland

Answer

Stack

Answer

Bay

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a long-term contributor to coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Human activities

Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Tidal range

Answer

Sea level rise

Question 5

Which factor is most influential in determining the rate of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Tidal range

Answer

Sediment supply

Answer

Coastal slope

Question 6

Which factor does NOT directly affect the rate of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Population density in coastal areas

Answer

Wave power and energy

Answer

Nature and composition of coastal sediments

Answer

Sea level rise due to climate change

Question 7

What factor primarily determines the rate of coastal erosion along a shoreline?

Accepted Answer

Wave energy and frequency

Answer

Grain size of beach sediments

Answer

Presence of coastal vegetation

Answer

Tidal range and height of sea cliffs

Question 8

Which of these processes is not a type of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Weathering

Answer

Hydraulic action

Answer

Abrasion

Answer

Mass movement

Question 9

Which coastal landform is primarily formed by the accumulation of sediment?

Accepted Answer

Sand dune

Answer

Sea stack

Answer

Wave-cut platform

Answer

Blowhole

Question 10

What factor has the greatest influence on the rate of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Sediment supply

Answer

Sea level rise

Answer

Wind speed

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Beach nourishment

Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Sea level rise

Answer

Climate change

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a process of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Deposition

Answer

Hydraulic action

Answer

Abrasion

Answer

Attrition

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a natural factor directly involved in coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Tourism development

Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Sediment supply

Answer

Tidal range

Question 14

Which process does NOT contribute to coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Sublimation

Answer

Hydraulic action

Answer

Attrition

Answer

Corrosion

Question 15

Which of these factors does NOT contribute to coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Dune stabilization

Answer

Wave action

Answer

Longshore drift

Question 16

Which factor has the **greatest** impact on the rate of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Shoreline composition

Answer

Tidal range

Answer

Human activities

Question 17

Which factor does NOT directly affect the rate of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Number of tourists visiting coastal areas

Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Rock hardness

Answer

Tidal range

Question 18

Which factor is NOT directly involved in determining coastal erosion rates?

Accepted Answer

Rainfall patterns and intensity

Answer

Wave energy and wave type

Answer

Beach composition and gradient

Answer

Presence and type of coastal vegetation

Question 19

Which of the following is a human-induced factor that influences the rate of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Construction of seawalls

Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Tidal range

Answer

Sea level rise

Question 20

Which factor is the primary driver in shaping the formation and types of coastal landforms?

Accepted Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Tidal range

Answer

Climate

Answer

Human activity

Question 21

What is a long, narrow strip of land connecting an island to the mainland?

Accepted Answer

Tombolo

Answer

Spit

Answer

Barrier island

Question 22

Which factor has the LEAST direct impact on coastal erosion rates?

Accepted Answer

Rainfall intensity

Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Tidal range

Answer

Sea level

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a major factor contributing to coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide dissolving in seawater

Answer

Hydraulic action (the force of water on the coast)

Answer

Abrasion (the grinding of rocks and sediments)

Answer

Wave refraction (the bending of waves as they approach the coast)

Question 24

Which coastal management strategy involves building structures to stop coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Hard engineering

Answer

Managed retreat

Answer

Beach nourishment

Answer

Dune management

Question 25

Which of the following is a sustainable coastal management practice that helps protect coastal ecosystems while allowing for human activities and economic development?

Accepted Answer

Implementing regulations to control pollution and waste disposal

Answer

Restricting access to beaches and dunes

Answer

Encouraging the development of coastal protection structures like seawalls and groynes

Question 26

How does coastal erosion impact coastal communities socially and economically?

Accepted Answer

Reduced property values and loss of homes

Accepted Answer

Increased government spending on coastal protection

Answer

Increased tourism due to unique coastal features

Answer

Improved access to fishing grounds

Question 27

How does vegetation contribute to the stability of coastal sand dunes and the prevention of wind erosion?

Accepted Answer

Vegetation traps wind-blown sand, forming and stabilizing dunes.

Answer

Vegetation releases oxygen, strengthening sand particle bonds.

Answer

Vegetation absorbs water, reducing erosion.

Answer

Vegetation attracts insects that eat dune plants, increasing erosion.

Question 28

Which coastal management strategy involves the deliberate relocation of communities away from vulnerable coastal areas?

Accepted Answer

Managed retreat

Answer

Beach nourishment

Answer

Sea walls

Answer

Sand dune restoration

Question 29

Longshore drift is the:

Accepted Answer

Transportation of sediment along the coast by waves and currents

Answer

Formation of sand dunes due to wind deposition

Answer

Erosion of coastal cliffs by hydraulic action

Answer

Transport of sediment seaward by rip currents

Question 30

A coastal headland is formed when:

Accepted Answer

Erosion-resistant rock projects into the sea

Answer

Sediment accumulates at the mouth of a river

Answer

A coastal plain is submerged by rising sea levels

Answer

Beach material accumulates due to longshore drift

Question 31

In coastal management, the concept of carrying capacity refers to:

Accepted Answer

The maximum level of human use and activities that can be sustained without compromising the integrity of the coastal environment

Answer

The rate at which coastal erosion can be naturally replenished

Answer

The amount of sea level rise that can be accommodated without significant impacts

Answer

The extent to which coastal ecosystems can be restored to their natural state

Question 32

Which of the following is **not** a key physical process involved in the formation of coastal landscapes?

Accepted Answer

Subduction

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Volcanism

Question 33

The process of sediment being transported along the coastline parallel to the shore by waves and currents is called:

Accepted Answer

Longshore drift

Answer

Wave refraction

Answer

Rip currents

Answer

Storm surge

Question 34

The process of a river depositing sediment at its mouth to form a triangular-shaped landform is known as:

Accepted Answer

Deltaic sedimentation

Answer

Estuarine sedimentation

Answer

Tidal sedimentation

Answer

Alluvial sedimentation

Question 35

A key difference between a barrier island and a tombolo is that a tombolo:

Accepted Answer

Is connected to the mainland at both ends

Answer

Is formed by longshore drift

Answer

Is found in areas with strong wave action

Answer

Protects the mainland from erosion

Question 36

Explain how vegetation affects the rate of coastal erosion, describing the mechanisms involved.

Accepted Answer

Vegetation slows down coastal erosion by stabilizing dunes, reducing wind erosion, and trapping sediment.

Answer

Vegetation has no significant impact on coastal erosion.

Answer

Vegetation accelerates coastal erosion by reflecting wave energy back towards the shore.

Answer

The absence of vegetation has no effect on coastal erosion rates.

Question 37

What factor primarily influences the differences in coastal erosion rates along a coastline over time and space?

Accepted Answer

Variations in wave energy, sediment supply, and coastal shape

Answer

Uniformity of coastal rock resistance

Answer

Consistency of wave energy and sediment supply over time

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a primary factor directly affecting the rate of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Coastal vegetation

Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Sediment supply

Answer

Sea-level rise

Question 39

The predominant process responsible for transporting sediment along a beach parallel to the coastline is known as:

Accepted Answer

Longshore drift

Answer

Beach nourishment

Answer

Cliff erosion

Answer

Tidal surge

Question 40

Which factors contribute to increased coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

A and B only

Answer

Rising sea levels

Answer

Increased storm frequency

Answer

Lack of vegetation on coastal slopes

Question 41

A type of coastal management approach that involves replenishing beaches with sand is categorized as:

Accepted Answer

Soft engineering

Answer

Hard engineering

Answer

Managed retreat

Answer

Dune restoration

Question 42

Managed retreat as a coastal management strategy involves:

Accepted Answer

Relocating human settlements away from at-risk areas

Answer

Constructing physical barriers to protect the coastline

Answer

Encouraging beach nourishment projects

Answer

Restricting access to coastal areas

Question 43

Which coastal landform is typically associated with the deposition of sediment at the entrance to a bay or estuary?

Accepted Answer

Bar

Answer

Spit

Answer

Tombolo

Answer

Headland

Question 44

Which type of coastal erosion involves the breakdown of rocks and minerals due to chemical reactions with water?

Accepted Answer

Solution

Answer

Hydraulic action

Answer

Abrasion

Answer

Attrition

Question 45

Which strategy is NOT commonly used in coastal management?

Accepted Answer

Letting natural processes like erosion and sediment deposition occur

Answer

Building seawalls or breakwaters

Answer

Restoring or creating natural buffers like wetlands or dunes

Answer

Raising the elevation of structures or moving them away from vulnerable areas

Question 46

A longshore current is a:

Accepted Answer

Current that flows parallel to the coastline under the influence of breaking waves

Answer

Current that flows perpendicular to the coastline under the influence of tides

Answer

Wave that breaks at a shallow angle to the coastline

Answer

Wind that blows parallel to the coastline

Question 47

A spit is a:

Accepted Answer

Curved ridge of sediment that projects from the coastline

Answer

Narrow strip of sand that connects an island to the mainland

Answer

Ridge of resistant rock that projects into the sea

Answer

Bay formed by the erosion of soft rock

Question 48

A barrier island is a:

Accepted Answer

Sandy island that forms parallel to the coastline and protects the mainland from waves

Answer

Island formed from the erosion of soft rock

Answer

Headland formed by resistant rock

Answer

Bay formed by the deposition of sediment

Question 49

How does coastal vegetation help protect coastal communities from storm surges and flooding?

Accepted Answer

Absorbs wave energy and traps sediment

Answer

Diverts storm surges away from populated areas

Answer

Releases oxygen into the water, strengthening the coastline

Answer

Provides shelter for marine life, stabilizing the shoreline

Question 50

Which of the following factors is **not** considered when assessing the vulnerability of a coastal area to erosion?

Accepted Answer

Population density

Answer

Tidal range

Answer

Rock type

Answer

Wave height

Question 51

What is the term used to describe the movement of sediment parallel to a coastline?

Accepted Answer

Longshore drift

Answer

Accretion

Answer

Beach nourishment

Answer

Erosion

Question 52

What is a spit?

Accepted Answer

A long, narrow ridge of sediment deposited by longshore drift

Answer

A bay formed by the submergence of a coastal area

Answer

A headland formed by erosion-resistant rock

Question 53

Which of the following is a **positive** consequence of coastal tourism?

Accepted Answer

Increased employment opportunities

Answer

Protection of coastal ecosystems

Answer

Reduced coastal erosion

Answer

Improved water quality

Question 54

What is the primary function of groynes in coastal management?

Accepted Answer

To trap sediment and reduce erosion

Answer

To improve water quality

Answer

To prevent flooding

Answer

To create new beaches

Question 55

What is the process by which sediment is transported along a coastline **parallel** to the shore?

Accepted Answer

Longshore drift

Answer

Wave refraction

Answer

Rip currents

Answer

Tidal currents

Question 56

Of the following processes, which is NOT a major factor in the formation of coastal landscapes?

Accepted Answer

Tectonic plate collision

Answer

Longshore drift

Answer

Wave erosion

Answer

Sea level rise

Question 57

What is the primary mechanism by which sediment is transported along a coastline?

Accepted Answer

Longshore drift

Answer

Cliff collapse

Answer

Beach erosion

Answer

Spit formation

Question 58

Which coastal landform is primarily formed by the deposition of sediment transported by longshore drift?

Accepted Answer

Sand spit

Answer

Wave-cut platform

Answer

Sea stack

Answer

Tidal marsh

Question 59

What term describes the gradual increase in sea level over time?

Accepted Answer

Sea level rise

Answer

Low tide

Answer

Storm surge

Answer

High tide

Question 60

Which of the following coastal management strategies is considered a 'soft engineering' approach?

Accepted Answer

Beach nourishment

Answer

Groin installation

Answer

Offshore breakwater

Answer

Sea wall construction

Question 61

What is the name of the dynamic zone where the land, sea, and atmosphere interact?

Accepted Answer

Coastal margin

Answer

Abyssal plain

Answer

Continental shelf

Question 62

Which human activity poses a significant threat to the integrity of coastal landscapes?

Accepted Answer

Coastal development

Answer

Fishing

Answer

Agriculture

Answer

Tourism

Question 63

What term describes a landform where a river meets the sea, resulting in a mix of saltwater and freshwater?

Accepted Answer

Estuary

Answer

Sandbar

Answer

Lagoon

Answer

Fjord

Question 64

Which of the following is a sustainable coastal management approach that works with natural processes?

Accepted Answer

Soft engineering

Answer

Seawall construction

Answer

Dredging

Answer

Land reclamation