Crime and Society: Impact on Individuals, Communities, and the Economy

Question 1

What is considered the most immediate and direct social impact of crime?

Accepted Answer

Increased fear and anxiety among citizens

Answer

Damage to property and infrastructure

Answer

Strain on public resources

Answer

Loss of trust in institutions

Question 2

Which sociological theory suggests that crime is a result of a breakdown in social norms and values?

Accepted Answer

Anomie theory

Answer

Social bonding theory

Answer

Social control theory

Answer

Conflict theory

Question 3

What is the primary goal of crime prevention strategies?

Accepted Answer

Reducing the number of crimes committed

Answer

Apprehending and punishing criminals

Answer

Addressing the root causes of crime

Answer

Protecting victims from harm

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of a restorative justice approach?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on victim-offender reconciliation

Answer

Focus on punishment and retribution

Answer

Removal of offenders from society

Answer

Use of adversarial proceedings

Question 5

Explain how addressing social inequalities, such as poverty and lack of opportunity, can contribute to crime prevention and community well-being.

Accepted Answer

By providing individuals with legitimate alternatives to crime, such as education and employment opportunities.

Answer

By increasing the visibility of law enforcement, making it more difficult for criminals to operate.

Answer

By strengthening community bonds and encouraging residents to report suspicious activities.

Answer

By eliminating the need for social welfare programs, freeing up resources for crime prevention.

Question 6

Which of the following is **NOT** a negative consequence of crime for victims?

Accepted Answer

Increased sense of community

Answer

Physical and psychological trauma

Answer

Loss of property

Answer

Erosion of trust

Question 7

Define 'social disorganization' and explain how it is related to crime.

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of social bonds and institutions in a community, leading to increased crime

Answer

The presence of criminal gangs and organizations in a community

Answer

The lack of access to education and employment opportunities in a community

Answer

The influence of media violence on individuals

Question 8

How does crime affect a community's sense of belonging and trust?

Accepted Answer

It undermines social cohesion and erodes trust among residents

Answer

It fosters a sense of community and unity in the face of adversity

Answer

It has no significant impact on a community's sense of belonging and trust

Answer

It only affects the victims of crime, not the community as a whole

Question 9

What is the purpose of restorative justice in addressing crime?

Accepted Answer

It aims to repair harm and rebuild relationships between victims and offenders

Answer

It emphasizes punishment and retribution as the primary goals of the justice system

Answer

It involves the community in the process of holding offenders accountable

Answer

It replaces the traditional criminal justice system entirely

Question 10

What is the relationship between poverty and crime?

Accepted Answer

Poverty is a major risk factor for crime, but not the only factor

Answer

Crime is the sole cause of poverty

Answer

Poverty is a consequence, not a cause, of crime

Answer

There is no relationship between poverty and crime

Question 11

Which of the following is **NOT** a social impact of crime?

Accepted Answer

Increased economic growth

Answer

Fear and anxiety among citizens

Answer

Weakening of social cohesion

Answer

Erosion of trust in institutions

Question 12

Which group is **most likely** to be a victim of violent crime?

Accepted Answer

Young males

Answer

Wealthy individuals

Answer

Elderly women

Answer

Children from affluent families

Question 13

What is the **difference** between a primary and secondary victim of crime?

Accepted Answer

Primary victims are directly harmed, while secondary victims are indirectly affected.

Answer

Secondary victims are more likely to experience long-term trauma than primary victims.

Answer

Primary victims are often strangers to the offender, while secondary victims are typically acquaintances.

Answer

There is no distinction between primary and secondary victims.

Question 14

Which of the following is a **key** feature of restorative justice?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on victim-offender reconciliation

Answer

Community involvement in the sentencing process

Answer

Use of traditional punishment methods

Answer

Focus on retribution and deterrence

Question 15

Which theory of crime causation emphasizes the role of social factors, such as poverty and inequality?

Accepted Answer

Social disorganization theory

Answer

Biological theory

Answer

Psychological theory

Answer

Social learning theory

Question 16

What is the primary goal of crime prevention strategies?

Accepted Answer

To reduce the likelihood of crime occurring

Answer

To eradicate crime entirely

Answer

To apprehend and punish all criminals

Answer

To provide financial compensation to victims

Question 17

How do formal and informal social control differ?

Accepted Answer

Formal control involves state-enforced laws, while informal control encompasses community norms and values.

Answer

Informal control is more effective than formal control in preventing crime.

Answer

Formal control is solely used for serious crimes, while informal control is reserved for minor offenses.

Answer

There is no distinction between formal and informal social control.

Question 18

What is the concept of anomie and how does it relate to crime?

Accepted Answer

Anomie, a state of normlessness, can contribute to increased crime rates.

Answer

Anomie only arises in societies with extreme social inequality.

Answer

Anomie is synonymous with alienation.

Answer

Anomie is not a significant factor in crime causation.

Question 19

Which of the following is **not** a significant social cost of crime?

Accepted Answer

Increased productivity

Answer

Reduced community cohesion

Answer

Increased fear and anxiety

Answer

Disruption of daily routines

Question 20

What is the **primary** goal of restorative justice approaches to crime?

Accepted Answer

To rebuild relationships within the community

Answer

To rehabilitate the offender

Answer

To compensate the victim

Answer

To punish the offender

Question 21

Which of the following is **not** considered a key factor in preventing crime?

Accepted Answer

Lax law enforcement

Answer

Strong community ties

Answer

Access to education and employment

Answer

Effective policing

Question 22

How has the rise of digital technology **primarily** impacted crime?

Accepted Answer

Increased opportunities for cybercrime

Answer

Easier access to illegal goods and services

Answer

More efficient data collection for law enforcement

Answer

Reduced opportunities for traditional crimes

Question 23

How do community reactions to crime affect victims' experiences?

Accepted Answer

Community support can lessen victims' trauma and encourage them to seek help.

Accepted Answer

Community hostility can worsen victims' isolation and make them less likely to seek support.

Answer

Community reactions have no significant impact on victims' experiences.

Answer

Community reactions only affect the likelihood of offenders committing crimes again.

Question 24

Which of the following is not considered a direct financial cost of crime to individuals?

Accepted Answer

Emotional distress

Answer

Medical expenses

Answer

Property damage

Answer

Loss of income

Question 25

A research study reveals a strong correlation between high crime rates and low levels of social cohesion. This suggests that:

Accepted Answer

There is a negative relationship between crime and social cohesion.

Answer

Social cohesion is a primary cause of crime.

Answer

Crime is a primary cause of low social cohesion.

Answer

There is a positive relationship between crime and social cohesion.

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention strategy for crime?

Accepted Answer

Implementing educational programs aimed at reducing crime-related behaviors

Answer

Increasing police presence in high-crime areas

Answer

Sentencing offenders to lengthy prison terms

Answer

Providing support services to victims of crime

Question 27

The concept of 'fear of crime' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The perceived risk of crime

Answer

The objective likelihood of becoming a victim of crime

Answer

The emotional reaction to experiencing crime

Answer

The actual risk of crime

Question 28

Which sociological theory proposes that crime is a rational choice made by individuals?

Accepted Answer

Rational choice theory

Answer

Social control theory

Answer

Strain theory

Answer

Routine activity theory

Question 29

Which research design provides the strongest evidence for the effectiveness of a crime prevention program?

Accepted Answer

Experimental study

Answer

Observational study

Answer

Cross-sectional study

Answer

Longitudinal study

Question 30

Which principle is central to the philosophy of restorative justice?

Accepted Answer

Victims should actively participate in the criminal justice process.

Answer

Punishment is the primary goal of the criminal justice system.

Answer

Offenders should be given opportunities for rehabilitation.

Answer

Prisons are the most effective means of crime control.

Question 31

According to the 'Broken Windows Theory', which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Police should focus on enforcing minor offenses to prevent more serious crimes.

Answer

Signs of disorder in a community have no impact on crime rates.

Answer

Crime is an inevitable part of urban life.

Answer

Increased police presence is ineffective in reducing crime.

Question 32

According to the Broken Windows Theory, what is the effect of visible signs of disorder on crime rates?

Accepted Answer

It leads to an increase in crime rates

Answer

It has no effect on crime rates

Answer

It leads to a decrease in crime rates

Answer

It only affects property crimes

Question 33

Which of the following is a primary objective of restorative justice?

Accepted Answer

Restoring harm caused by the crime

Answer

Punishing the offender

Answer

Compensating the victim

Answer

Incapacitating the offender

Question 34

What is the main purpose of crime prevention initiatives?

Accepted Answer

To reduce the likelihood of crime occurring

Answer

To apprehend and punish criminals

Answer

To support victims of crime

Answer

To rehabilitate offenders

Question 35

The concept of labeling theory suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Society's reaction to crime can influence an individual's behavior

Answer

Criminals are born with inherent criminal tendencies

Answer

Crime is a rational choice made by individuals

Answer

Criminals are victims of their circumstances

Question 36

Select the statement that is NOT a negative social consequence of crime.

Accepted Answer

Improved community solidarity and cohesion

Answer

Increased fear and anxiety among citizens

Answer

Reduced trust in authority and institutions

Answer

Increased mental health issues for victims and their families

Question 37

Identify the primary distinction between a crime and a civil wrong.

Accepted Answer

Crimes constitute violations of the law, whereas civil wrongs do not.

Answer

Crimes entail imprisonment as punishment, while civil wrongs do not.

Answer

Civil wrongs solely involve compensation for victims, unlike crimes.

Answer

Civil wrongs are exclusively resolved through the court system, unlike crimes.

Question 38

Restorative justice prioritizes which primary goal in its approach to criminal justice?

Accepted Answer

Addressing the harm caused by crime and its impact on victims

Answer

Imposing severe punishments on offenders

Answer

Isolating offenders from society to prevent further criminal activity

Answer

Deterring future crimes by setting an example of strict consequences

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of a crime prevention strategy classified as primary prevention?

Accepted Answer

Implementing community programs that tackle underlying social issues

Answer

Increasing police presence in high-crime areas

Answer

Lengthening prison sentences for convicted criminals

Answer

Using surveillance technology to monitor public spaces

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a social cost of crime?

Accepted Answer

Economic growth

Answer

Increased fear and anxiety

Answer

Damage to social cohesion

Answer

Loss of trust in institutions

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing crime prevention?

Accepted Answer

Universal healthcare

Answer

Environmental design

Answer

Community policing

Answer

Increased surveillance

Question 42

Which of the following is a characteristic of a restorative justice approach to crime control?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on victim-offender mediation

Answer

Focus on punishment and deterrence

Answer

Reliance on imprisonment

Answer

Harsh sentencing for repeat offenders

Question 43

According to the Broken Windows Theory, visible signs of disorder in a neighborhood:

Accepted Answer

Are an invitation to further crime

Answer

Reflect resident contentment

Answer

Are irrelevant to crime rates

Answer

Are unrelated to police patrols

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of crime for victims?

Accepted Answer

Increased social support

Answer

Psychological harm

Answer

Loss of property

Answer

Financial stress

Question 45

Which theory of crime causation emphasizes the influence of social learning and cultural norms?

Accepted Answer

Social Learning Theory

Answer

Strain Theory

Answer

Anomie Theory

Answer

Rational Choice Theory

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT an indicator of the economic costs of crime?

Accepted Answer

Improved social services

Answer

Medical expenses

Answer

Property damage

Answer

Increased insurance premiums

Question 47

Which factor is typically considered a protective factor against crime?

Accepted Answer

Strong family bonds

Answer

Growing up in poverty

Answer

Being unemployed

Answer

Lacking a formal education

Question 48

How are primary and secondary crime victims typically categorized?

Accepted Answer

Primary victims are directly affected by the crime, while secondary victims are indirectly affected.

Answer

Secondary victims are directly affected by the crime, while primary victims are indirectly affected.

Answer

There is no distinction between primary and secondary crime victims.

Answer

Primary victims are the perpetrators of the crime, while secondary victims are the individuals harmed by the crime.

Question 49

What is the primary objective of restorative justice?

Accepted Answer

To rehabilitate offenders and repair the harm caused by crime

Answer

To punish offenders and deter future crime

Answer

To compensate victims for their financial losses

Answer

To prevent crime from happening in the first instance

Question 50

Which crime control approach emphasizes rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders?

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice, focusing on repairing harm and reconciliation

Answer

Deterrence through punishment and fear of consequences

Answer

Incapacitation by isolating offenders from society

Answer

Zero tolerance with strict enforcement and harsh penalties

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a negative social consequence of crime?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced community resilience

Answer

Fear and anxiety among citizens

Answer

Erosion of trust in institutions

Answer

Increased social polarization

Question 52

Which approach to crime prevention prioritizes the needs and support of victims?

Accepted Answer

Victim support services and victim compensation programs

Answer

Deterrence through increased police presence

Answer

Environmental design Maßnahmen to reduce opportunities for crime

Answer

Targeted community policing to address underlying social issues

Question 53

Which sociological theory emphasizes the influence of social inequality and lack of opportunity on criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social strain theory

Answer

Rational choice theory

Answer

Routine activity theory

Answer

Differential association theory

Question 54

Which type of crime involves the use of force or the threat of force?

Accepted Answer

Violent crime

Answer

Property crime

Answer

Cybercrime

Answer

Organized crime

Question 55

Situational prevention, a crime control strategy, aims to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce opportunities for crime

Answer

Rehabilitate offenders

Answer

Deter potential offenders

Answer

Foster community engagement

Question 56

A key characteristic of a crime hotspot includes:

Accepted Answer

High concentration of crime incidents in a limited area

Answer

Frequent police patrols

Answer

High levels of social cohesion

Answer

Presence of community support services

Question 57

Restorative justice emphasizes:

Accepted Answer

Reconciliation between victims and offenders

Answer

Punishment and retribution

Answer

Individual deterrence and incapacitation

Answer

Social isolation and stigmatization

Question 58

According to the 'spiral of violence' theory:

Accepted Answer

Acts of violence trigger a cycle of retaliation and escalation

Answer

Violence decreases over time as offenders age

Answer

Violent crime is unrelated to other forms of crime

Answer

Violence is primarily perpetrated by strangers

Question 59

The 'broken windows' theory of policing suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Visible signs of disorder can encourage further crime

Answer

Minor crimes should be ignored to avoid escalation

Answer

Community involvement is ineffective in preventing crime

Answer

Increased police presence will reduce crime regardless of the severity of offenses

Question 60

A key aspect of situational crime prevention involves:

Accepted Answer

Designing environments that reduce opportunities for criminal activity

Answer

Increasing police visibility in crime-prone areas

Answer

Providing rehabilitation services for offenders

Answer

Offering support to victims of crime

Question 61

The concept of 'risk factors' in crime is used to identify:

Accepted Answer

Both individual and social factors

Answer

Individual traits that increase the likelihood of offending

Answer

Social conditions that contribute to crime

Answer

Neither individual nor social factors

Question 62

A measure of crime severity considers:

Accepted Answer

The financial costs of crime to society

Answer

The number of crimes reported to authorities

Answer

The percentage of crimes solved by law enforcement

Answer

Public perceptions of crime levels

Question 63

Restorative justice primarily seeks to:

Accepted Answer

Mend the harm caused by crime

Answer

Punish perpetrators

Answer

Assist victims

Answer

Prevent future offenses

Question 64

Primary victimization differs from secondary victimization primarily in terms of:

Accepted Answer

Direct harm versus indirect harm

Answer

Physical harm versus emotional harm

Answer

Severity of harm

Answer

No difference exists