Biomechanics for Sports Performance and Injury Prevention

Question 1

Which force is NOT experienced by basketball players during a game?

Accepted Answer

Buoyant force

Answer

Gravitational force

Answer

Frictional force

Answer

Normal force

Question 2

Biomechanics is the study of how living organisms move. Which of the following best describes the scope of biomechanics?

Accepted Answer

The study of the structural and functional aspects of biological systems that enable movement.

Answer

The application of mechanical principles to optimize athletic performance.

Answer

The examination of human locomotion patterns from an engineering perspective.

Answer

The rehabilitation of movement dysfunctions in humans.

Question 3

Which statement accurately describes the principle of reversibility in biomechanics?

Accepted Answer

The body can return to its original position after completing a movement.

Answer

The body can only move in the direction of the applied force.

Answer

The body's acceleration is always equal to the force applied to it.

Answer

The body's velocity remains constant if no external force is applied.

Question 4

In biomechanics, which of the following is NOT a type of lever system used to describe human movement?

Accepted Answer

Inclined Plane

Answer

First-Class Lever

Answer

Second-Class Lever

Answer

Third-Class Lever

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an external force that can affect the human body?

Accepted Answer

Elasticity

Answer

Gravity

Answer

Friction

Answer

Buoyancy

Question 6

In physical activity, which force acts in an upward direction and counteracts the weight of an object submerged in a fluid?

Accepted Answer

Buoyancy

Answer

Gravitational force

Answer

Friction

Answer

Tension

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a type of lever in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Fourth-class lever

Answer

First-class lever

Answer

Second-class lever

Answer

Third-class lever

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a type of lever used in human movement?

Accepted Answer

Fourth-class lever

Answer

First-class lever

Answer

Second-class lever

Answer

Third-class lever

Question 9

In gymnastics, during a handstand, which external force primarily acts on the gymnast's body?

Accepted Answer

Gravity

Answer

Friction

Answer

Muscle force

Answer

Air resistance

Question 10

Which of these factors has no influence on motor control?

Accepted Answer

Eye color

Answer

Age

Answer

Skill level

Answer

Joint flexibility

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of lever in biomechanics?

Accepted Answer

Fourth-class lever

Answer

First-class lever

Answer

Second-class lever

Answer

Third-class lever

Question 12

Which of the following is not a recognized type of lever in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Fourth-class lever

Answer

First-class lever

Answer

Second-class lever

Answer

Third-class lever

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a type of lever in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Spring

Answer

First-class lever

Answer

Second-class lever

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a type of synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

Cartilaginous joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Question 15

Which force acts on a runner's body during a long-distance running event?

Accepted Answer

Air resistance

Answer

Elasticity

Answer

Friction

Answer

Buoyancy

Question 16

Which hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, plays a crucial role in the body's response to stress and enhances physical performance?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Question 17

Which principle of biomechanics describes that an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion, unless an unbalanced force acts on it?

Accepted Answer

Newton's first law of motion

Answer

Newton's second law of motion

Answer

Newton's third law of motion

Answer

Law of conservation of energy

Question 18

Which of the following is **not** a mechanism involved in the neural control of skilled motor actions?

Accepted Answer

Random trial-and-error processes

Answer

Central pattern generators

Answer

Sensory feedback loops

Answer

Voluntary muscle contractions

Question 19

Which type of muscle contraction is used by a marathon runner to propel their body forward?

Accepted Answer

Concentric

Answer

Isometric

Answer

Eccentric

Answer

Isokinetic

Question 20

Which force is NOT relevant to human movement in biomechanics?

Accepted Answer

Centrifugal force

Answer

Gravity

Answer

Friction

Answer

Air resistance

Question 21

During sports activities, which force does NOT act on the human body?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic force

Answer

Gravitational force

Answer

Friction force

Answer

Aerodynamic force

Question 22

According to Newton's second law of motion, which factors affect an object's acceleration?

Accepted Answer

Both force and mass

Answer

Force only

Answer

Mass only

Answer

Neither force nor mass

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a type of lever found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Fourth-class lever

Answer

First-class lever

Answer

Second-class lever

Answer

Third-class lever

Question 24

How does the nervous system contribute to the precise and coordinated execution of complex motor skills, like throwing a baseball?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system sends signals to muscles, initiating movement and coordinating muscle contractions.

Accepted Answer

Sensory information from muscles and joints allows the nervous system to adjust movements in real-time.

Accepted Answer

The nervous system stores and retrieves movement patterns, enabling the recall and execution of skilled movements.

Answer

The nervous system has no role in controlling voluntary movement.

Question 25

In biomechanics research and its application to sports performance enhancement, which ethical responsibility is paramount?

Accepted Answer

Preserving the privacy and anonymity of research participants

Answer

Prioritizing personal interests over participant well-being

Answer

Employing methods that could harm or discomfort participants

Question 26

Why is biomechanical assessment important for preventing and treating sports injuries? Also, name some common assessment methods used in clinical settings.

Accepted Answer

It helps spot potential risks and make changes to prevent injuries.

Answer

It's only used to boost sports performance and efficiency.

Answer

Motion capture and force plate technologies are the only methods used in biomechanical assessments.

Answer

Biomechanical assessment is not very useful in clinical practice for preventing and treating injuries.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a potential career path in biomechanics?

Accepted Answer

Architect

Answer

Prosthetics designer

Answer

Sports scientist

Answer

Ergonomist

Question 28

How can biomechanical variables be used to enhance training programs in sports?

Accepted Answer

Biomechanical variables can be used to identify areas for improvement and personalize training programs.

Answer

Biomechanical variables cannot be used to optimize training programs.

Answer

Biomechanical variables should only be used to determine training intensity.

Answer

Biomechanical variables are only useful for evaluating performance after training.

Question 29

How do feedback mechanisms contribute to skilled movement execution?

Accepted Answer

They provide information about movement errors, allowing the brain to adjust and improve accuracy.

Answer

They are only important in the early stages of skill development and become unnecessary as proficiency increases.

Answer

They rely solely on proprioceptive information.

Answer

Negative feedback mechanisms amplify movement errors, hindering skilled movement execution.

Question 30

How does the center of mass and its position affect balance and stability in human movement?

Accepted Answer

The center of mass should be positioned over the base of support to maintain equilibrium and prevent falling.

Answer

The center of mass is the point where all the mass of a body is concentrated, and it has no impact on balance or stability.

Answer

The center of mass should be kept as high as possible for optimal balance and stability.

Answer

The position of the center of mass is irrelevant to balance and stability, as long as the body is in motion.

Question 31

Which factor does not influence the velocity of a launched projectile?

Accepted Answer

Coefficient of restitution

Answer

Mass

Answer

Height

Answer

Angle of projection

Question 32

Which of the following forces acts perpendicular to the direction of motion of an object?

Accepted Answer

Normal force

Answer

Friction

Answer

Tension

Answer

Gravity

Question 33

The principle of conservation of energy states that:

Accepted Answer

Total energy of an isolated system remains constant

Answer

Energy can be created or destroyed

Answer

Energy is always lost due to friction

Answer

Kinetic energy is equal to potential energy

Question 34

The angular velocity of an object is measured in:

Accepted Answer

Radians per second

Answer

Degrees per second

Answer

Revolutions per minute

Answer

Meters per second

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a common injury mechanism in sports?

Accepted Answer

Malnutrition

Answer

Overuse

Answer

Acute trauma

Answer

Muscle imbalance

Question 36

How do anthropometric measurements enhance biomechanical analysis and optimize performance?

Accepted Answer

Establish a tailored baseline for biomechanical analysis.

Answer

Eliminate the requirement for direct movement observation.

Answer

Guarantee uniformity in size and shape among athletes.

Question 37

Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps

Answer

Hamstrings

Answer

Calves

Answer

Tibialis anterior

Question 38

What is the term that describes the force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact?

Accepted Answer

Friction

Answer

Gravity

Answer

Air resistance

Answer

Buoyancy

Question 39

Which of the following is a measure of the force generated by muscles during movement?

Accepted Answer

Moment of force

Answer

Power

Answer

Velocity

Answer

Acceleration

Question 40

In biomechanics, what is the main purpose of electromyography (EMG)?

Accepted Answer

Measuring muscle activity

Answer

Assessing joint movement

Answer

Evaluating ligament strain

Question 41

Define biofeedback and describe its applications in enhancing motor control and aiding rehabilitation efforts.

Accepted Answer

Biofeedback involves providing real-time data on physiological processes, enabling individuals to refine their control over bodily functions, especially motor skills.

Answer

Biofeedback is solely used to alleviate pain through electrical muscle stimulation.

Answer

Biofeedback is exclusively employed to enhance balance and coordination, with no other applications.

Answer

Biofeedback has no role in rehabilitation settings.

Question 42

Which type of joint allows movement in only one plane of motion?

Accepted Answer

Hinge joint (e.g., elbow joint)

Answer

Ball-and-socket joint (e.g., hip joint)

Answer

Saddle joint (e.g., thumb joint)

Answer

Ellipsoid joint (e.g., wrist joint)

Question 43

Antagonist muscles primarily serve to:

Accepted Answer

Oppose the action of agonist muscles

Answer

Provide support and stability

Answer

Generate movement in the desired direction

Answer

Provide fine control during movement

Question 44

Which factor does NOT influence the range of motion at a joint?

Accepted Answer

Personal preference

Answer

Ligament length and elasticity

Answer

Muscle flexibility

Answer

Bone shape

Question 45

Biomechanics research commonly employs which scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Experimental studies

Answer

Descriptive studies

Answer

Historical studies

Answer

Observational studies

Question 46

In the field of sports, biomechanics plays a crucial role in enhancing athletic performance. However, it's essential to consider the ethical implications of using biomechanics. Discuss how biomechanics can be ethically employed to improve athletic abilities while preserving fairness and integrity in sports.

Accepted Answer

Applying biomechanical principles to create personalized training programs that optimize performance.

Answer

Using biomechanics to alter equipment or playing surfaces, providing athletes with an unfair advantage.

Answer

Exploiting loopholes in regulations using biomechanics to gain an unfair edge.

Question 47

In biomechanics, how does the concept of **impulse** relate to the interplay between force, time, and momentum in human movement?

Accepted Answer

Impulse is the product of force and time, resulting in a change in the object's momentum.

Answer

Impulse is the rate at which force changes over time.

Answer

Impulse is the force needed to stop an object moving at a specific speed.

Answer

Impulse is the area below the power-time graph.

Question 48

Question:

How can Newton's second law of motion be used to enhance sports performance? Explain with specific examples.

Accepted Answer

Athletes can improve their acceleration by applying more force or reducing their mass.

Answer

Athletes cannot improve their performance using Newton's second law of motion.

Answer

Athletes can only improve their performance by increasing their mass.

Answer

Newton's second law of motion is not applicable to sports performance.

Question 49

When analyzing a movement, the most suitable plane of motion to consider is the one that:

Accepted Answer

Is most aligned with the direction of the movement.

Answer

Maximizes the range of motion.

Answer

Minimizes the number of muscles involved.

Answer

Provides the most stable base of support.

Question 50

The moment of inertia of an object describes its:

Accepted Answer

Resistance to angular acceleration.

Answer

Resistance to linear acceleration.

Answer

Ability to store potential energy.

Answer

Ability to do work.

Question 51

Which type of force is primarily responsible for initiating movement?

Accepted Answer

Elastic force

Answer

Inertial force

Answer

Friction force

Answer

Gravitational force

Question 52

What is the main function of tendons in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To transmit forces from muscles to bones, enabling movement.

Answer

To connect muscles to bones.

Answer

To provide structural support for joints.

Answer

To store elastic energy for movement.

Question 53

Which factor is NOT considered a fundamental principle of human movement?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular efficiency

Answer

Equilibrium

Answer

Kinematic chain

Answer

Newton's laws of motion

Question 54

Proprioception refers to an athlete's ability to:

Accepted Answer

Accurately sense body position and movement

Answer

Sustain prolonged exercise

Answer

Produce quick muscular responses

Answer

Generate high levels of force

Question 55

The lever arm of a muscle is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The perpendicular distance from the joint's axis of rotation to the muscle's line of action

Answer

The distance between the muscle's origin and insertion

Answer

The angle between the muscle and the bone

Question 56

For most high-intensity activities, the main source of energy for muscle contraction is:

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic glycolysis

Answer

The creatine phosphate system

Answer

Aerobic respiration

Answer

Fat oxidation

Question 57

According to Newton's third law of motion, in biomechanics:

Accepted Answer

For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force

Answer

An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force

Answer

The net force acting on a body is always zero

Question 58

A major limitation of using 2D biomechanical analysis is its inability to:

Accepted Answer

Capture movement in three dimensions

Answer

Provide accurate data for complex movements

Answer

Quantify joint kinematics and kinetics

Question 59

The optimal joint angle for maximal muscle strength is typically:

Accepted Answer

Slightly less than 90 degrees

Answer

45 degrees

Answer

180 degrees

Answer

Exactly 90 degrees

Question 60

Which of the following is an advantage of using motion capture in biomechanics?

Accepted Answer

It enables precise 3D data collection of human movement

Answer

It is a cost-effective data collection method

Answer

It is suitable for all types of movement analysis

Answer

It eliminates the need for reflective markers

Question 61

The primary function of tendons in the human body is to:

Accepted Answer

Transmit force from muscles to bones

Answer

Store energy

Answer

Provide structural support

Answer

Produce muscle contractions

Question 62

Which of the following is **NOT** a fundamental plane of movement in biomechanics?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal

Answer

Sagittal

Answer

Transverse

Answer

Frontal

Question 63

Which type of joint allows for movement in only one plane, such as flexion and extension, and is commonly found in the fingers and toes?

Accepted Answer

Hinge

Answer

Saddle

Answer

Pivot

Answer

Ball-and-socket

Question 64

In the context of levers, what is the term for the fixed point around which a lever rotates?

Accepted Answer

Fulcrum

Answer

Load

Answer

Moment arm

Answer

Effort