Social Psychology: Explore the Influence of Social Factors on Behavior and Attitudes

Question 1

Which concept is central to Leon Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Psychological discomfort from conflicting beliefs

Answer

Behavioral adjustment

Answer

Social comparison with peers

Answer

Group consensus and decision-making

Question 2

Which of the following concepts falls outside the primary focus of social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive processes

Answer

Attitudes and attitude change

Answer

Social influence

Answer

Group dynamics

Question 3

In the Elaboration Likelihood Model, when individuals are highly motivated and have the mental capacity to process information, which route to persuasion are they more likely to use?

Accepted Answer

Central route

Answer

Peripheral route

Answer

Heuristic route

Answer

Systematic route

Question 4

Which concept in social psychology refers to the tendency of individuals to align their behavior and beliefs with those of the group they belong to?

Accepted Answer

Social Conformity

Answer

Social Facilitation

Answer

Social Loafing

Answer

Social Identity Theory

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences attitude formation and change?

Accepted Answer

Astrological signs

Answer

Personal experience

Answer

Group membership

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Question 6

In social psychology, which concept exclusively focuses on the impact of social factors on human behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social influence

Answer

Attitudes

Answer

Group dynamics

Answer

Biological processes

Question 7

According to social identity theory, which factor plays a central role in shaping an individual's self-concept?

Accepted Answer

Group membership and affiliation

Answer

Personal values and beliefs

Answer

Cultural background and upbringing

Answer

Early childhood experiences and interactions

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a core concept in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Meta-analysis

Answer

Schemas

Answer

Attribution

Answer

Social influence

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a social factor that influences attitude change?

Accepted Answer

Genetic inheritance

Answer

Direct experience

Answer

Persuasive communication

Answer

Social comparison

Question 10

Which of the following does NOT influence the strength of an attitude?

Accepted Answer

How easy it is to change

Answer

Its importance to the individual

Answer

How specific it is

Answer

How consistent it is with other attitudes

Question 11

In social psychology, which cognitive bias refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute positive outcomes to themselves and negative outcomes to external factors?

Accepted Answer

Self-Serving Bias

Answer

Actor-Observer Bias

Answer

Confirmation Bias

Answer

Social Comparison Theory

Question 12

What are social norms?

Accepted Answer

Unwritten rules that guide behavior in a society

Answer

Laws enforced by the government

Answer

Personal beliefs and values

Answer

Universal across all cultures

Question 13

In the Elaboration Likelihood Model, which element is critical for attitude change?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive processing

Answer

Source credibility

Answer

Emotional reaction

Answer

Message repetition

Question 14

Within group dynamics, which factor is essential for building group cohesion and improving collective performance?

Accepted Answer

Shared goals, values, and norms among group members

Answer

Diverse perspectives and opinions within the group

Answer

Minimal communication and interaction among group members

Question 15

In social psychology, which concept describes the tendency for people to interpret social situations in a way that matches their existing beliefs and expectations?

Accepted Answer

Schema theory

Answer

Attribution theory

Answer

Social identity theory

Answer

Social comparison theory

Question 16

Which theory emphasizes that the effectiveness of a persuasive message hinges on the perceived trustworthiness of the source?

Accepted Answer

Source credibility theory

Answer

Elaboration likelihood model

Answer

Social identity theory

Answer

Social norms theory

Question 17

Which of the following factors has been consistently shown to have no effect on attitude change?

Accepted Answer

Genetic and biological factors

Answer

Exposure to opposing viewpoints

Answer

Emotional appeals

Answer

Group membership and social identity

Question 18

Which of these factors significantly influences the formation of an individual's attitudes?

Accepted Answer

Personal experiences and interactions

Accepted Answer

Influence of authority figures

Accepted Answer

Social norms and cultural values

Answer

Instinctive reactions

Question 19

In social psychology, which theory suggests that people follow group norms mainly to gain acceptance and prevent isolation?

Accepted Answer

Conformity Theory

Answer

Social Identity Theory

Answer

Groupthink Theory

Question 20

Which process involves altering a person's stance on a particular topic?

Accepted Answer

Persuasion

Answer

Social influence

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Group polarization

Question 21

Which type of prosocial behavior is mainly motivated by empathy and genuine concern for others' well-being?

Accepted Answer

Altruistic Behavior

Answer

Cooperation

Answer

Normative Behavior

Answer

Self-Interested Behavior

Question 22

How has modern prejudice evolved from traditional forms of prejudice?

Accepted Answer

It involves more subtle and indirect forms of discrimination.

Answer

It is less prevalent in contemporary societies.

Answer

It is only targeted at minority and marginalized groups.

Answer

It is not as harmful as traditional forms of prejudice.

Question 23

Which theory explains that people conform to others' views mainly to fit in and prevent negative social repercussions?

Accepted Answer

Social norms theory

Answer

Elaboration likelihood model

Answer

Social comparison theory

Question 24

According to attribution theory, when explaining the causes of others' behavior, what factor is primarily considered in internal attribution?

Accepted Answer

Internal traits and characteristics of the individual

Answer

External factors beyond the individual's control

Answer

Random events or external influences

Question 25

Which of the following is a characteristic of modern prejudice?

Accepted Answer

It is more likely to be expressed through institutional policies and practices.

Answer

It is more overt and explicit than traditional prejudice.

Answer

It is more resistant to change than traditional prejudice.

Answer

It is less likely to be accompanied by physical violence and discrimination.

Question 26

Which characteristic is a defining feature of modern prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on individualistic rather than group-based discrimination

Answer

Increased overt expression of negative attitudes

Answer

Reduced use of derogatory language and stereotypes

Question 27

Which factor, according to the frustration-aggression hypothesis, does **not** influence the likelihood of aggression?

Accepted Answer

Personality characteristics

Answer

Perceived frustration

Answer

Blocked goal pursuit

Question 28

Which theory suggests that people adjust their attitudes to match their actions, aiming to reduce mental discomfort?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Answer

Elaboration Likelihood Model

Answer

Social Identity Theory

Answer

Social Comparison Theory

Question 29

According to social cognition theory, how do individuals form their understanding of the social world?

Accepted Answer

By constructing their own reality based on their perceptions and interpretations

Answer

By relying solely on unconscious motives and desires

Answer

By adhering to a universal set of social norms

Answer

By ignoring the influence of their social identities

Question 30

In modern prejudice, which characteristic is a defining feature?

Accepted Answer

Using stereotypes and subtle cues

Answer

Open and direct expression

Answer

Targeting individuals rather than groups

Answer

Rejecting the idea of group superiority

Question 31

Which of the following statements about persuasion strategies is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Central route persuasion is more effective when people are attentive and can think critically.

Accepted Answer

The elaboration likelihood model suggests that people's attitudes are more likely to change when they are deeply engaged in the topic.

Answer

Peripheral route persuasion only uses emotions, while central route persuasion only uses logic.

Answer

The sleeper effect refers to a persuasive message's influence increasing over time, regardless of its content.

Question 32

Which research method in social psychology offers high ecological validity but limited control over external factors?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Answer

Correlational study

Answer

Experiment

Question 33

How does empathy impact the likelihood of someone engaging in helpful actions?

Accepted Answer

Empathy raises the likelihood of helpful actions if the person can relate to the person in need.

Answer

Empathy lowers the likelihood of helpful actions because it can cause emotional distress.

Answer

Empathy has no significant effect on helpful actions.

Answer

Empathy raises the likelihood of helpful actions even if the person is unaware of their own empathetic feelings.

Question 34

How do cultural norms and values influence social psychological processes such as conformity, obedience, and prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Cultural norms and values shape social psychological processes by influencing individuals' perceptions and beliefs.

Answer

Cultural norms and values have no significant impact on social psychological processes.

Answer

Cultural norms and values only affect social psychological processes in cultures that emphasize collectivism.

Question 35

In the Elaboration Likelihood Model, which factor primarily influences the level of cognitive processing individuals engage in when assessing a persuasive message?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive involvement

Answer

Source credibility

Answer

Message length

Answer

Message repetition

Question 36

Reactance theory suggests that individuals resist persuasion due to:

Accepted Answer

A perceived threat to their freedom of choice

Answer

A threat to their self-esteem

Answer

A desire to avoid negative consequences

Answer

Cognitive dissonance caused by conflicting beliefs

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental concept in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Animal behavior

Answer

Social cognition

Answer

Social influence

Answer

Interpersonal relationships

Question 38

Solomon Asch's conformity experiment revealed that:

Accepted Answer

People are more likely to conform to the majority opinion.

Answer

People are more likely to conform in private than in public.

Answer

People are more likely to conform when the task is easy.

Answer

People are more likely to conform when there is no social pressure.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT an effective communication strategy?

Accepted Answer

Using vague and ambiguous language

Answer

Making eye contact

Answer

Listening actively

Answer

Asking clarifying questions

Question 40

According to social identity theory, our self-concept is:

Accepted Answer

Influenced by our social group memberships.

Answer

Influenced by our unique individual characteristics.

Answer

Fixed and unchanging throughout our lives.

Answer

Based on our past experiences and interactions.

Question 41

The Milgram obedience experiment demonstrated the power of:

Accepted Answer

Authority figures

Answer

Social norms

Answer

Group pressure

Answer

Peer influence

Question 42

The theory of planned behavior predicts that:

Accepted Answer

Behavior is indirectly influenced by our intentions.

Answer

Behavior is directly influenced by our beliefs and attitudes.

Answer

Behavior is primarily determined by situational factors.

Answer

Behavior is highly unpredictable.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a key concept in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive development

Answer

Social influence

Answer

Conformity

Answer

Social identity

Question 44

According to the elaboration likelihood model, when are people most likely to engage in central route processing?

Accepted Answer

When they are highly involved in the issue

Answer

When they have limited cognitive resources

Answer

When the message is simple and straightforward

Answer

When they are distracted by other tasks

Question 45

Which research method is most appropriate for studying the effects of social influence on individual behavior?

Accepted Answer

Experiment

Answer

Survey

Answer

Naturalistic observation

Answer

Case study

Question 46

According to attribution theory, people are more likely to attribute their own successes to

Accepted Answer

Internal factors

Answer

External factors

Answer

Chance

Answer

The situation

Question 47

Which of these concepts is not central to social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Biological determinism

Answer

Social influence

Answer

Social cognition

Answer

Social identity

Question 48

According to cognitive dissonance theory, individuals experience psychological discomfort when their:

Accepted Answer

Attitudes conflict with their behaviors

Answer

Attitudes align with their behaviors

Answer

Behaviors align with their attitudes but not with their beliefs

Answer

Beliefs align with their behaviors but not with their attitudes

Question 49

Which action below is considered prosocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

Offering assistance to a stranger in need

Answer

Spreading rumors about a coworker

Answer

Plagiarizing on an exam

Answer

Shoplifting from a retail store

Question 50

What is the term for the tendency to overestimate personal factors and underestimate situational factors when explaining others' behavior?

Accepted Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Answer

Actor-observer bias

Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Confirmation bias

Question 51

The bystander effect refers to:

Accepted Answer

Decreased likelihood of helping in an emergency when in a group

Answer

Increased likelihood of helping in an emergency when alone

Answer

Increased likelihood of helping in an emergency when in a group

Answer

Decreased likelihood of helping in an emergency when alone

Question 52

Define social facilitation in your own words.

Accepted Answer

The tendency for individuals to perform better on tasks when they are in a group

Answer

The tendency for individuals to perform worse on tasks when they are alone

Answer

The tendency for individuals to perform the same on tasks regardless of whether they are in a group

Answer

The tendency for individuals to perform better on difficult tasks when they are in a group

Question 53

The Elaboration Likelihood Model suggests that persuasion is more likely to be effective when:

Accepted Answer

The recipient actively processes the message.

Answer

The message is simple and straightforward.

Answer

The recipient is distracted while receiving the message.

Answer

The message is presented by a credible source.

Question 54

Which of the following is a potential cost of conformity?

Accepted Answer

Suppression of individuality

Answer

Social acceptance

Answer

Reduced cognitive effort

Answer

Increased group cohesion

Question 55

In the Asch conformity experiment, what factor was found to significantly influence conformity?

Accepted Answer

The size of the majority group

Answer

The experimenter's presence

Answer

The difficulty of the task

Answer

The gender of the participants

Question 56

Which of the following is a typical illustration of social facilitation?

Accepted Answer

A student performing better on an exam when surrounded by peers

Answer

A runner slowing down in a marathon while running with a group

Answer

A musician playing more timidly when performing in front of an audience

Answer

A group of friends laughing less when they are together than when they are alone

Question 57

What is the fundamental distinction between prejudice and discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Prejudice refers to a negative attitude, whereas discrimination refers to a negative behavior

Answer

Prejudice refers to a negative behavior, whereas discrimination refers to a negative attitude

Answer

Prejudice and discrimination are synonymous

Answer

Prejudice is solely directed towards outgroups, while discrimination can be directed towards both ingroups and outgroups

Question 58

What is the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

Attributing others' behavior to internal factors, even when external factors are present

Answer

Attributing others' behavior to external factors, even when internal factors are present

Answer

Attributing our own behavior to external factors

Answer

Attributing our own behavior to internal factors

Question 59

What is the bystander effect?

Accepted Answer

The tendency for individuals to be less likely to intervene when others are present

Answer

The tendency for individuals to be more likely to intervene when others are present

Answer

The tendency for individuals to be equally likely to intervene regardless of the presence of others

Answer

The tendency for individuals to be more likely to intervene when they are alone

Question 60

What is the distinction between an ingroup and an outgroup?

Accepted Answer

Ingroups are groups to which we belong, while outgroups are groups to which we do not belong

Answer

Outgroups are groups to which we belong, while ingroups are groups to which we do not belong

Answer

Ingroups and outgroups are the same

Answer

There is no distinction between ingroups and outgroups

Question 61

Which of the following statements about persuasive strategies is true?

Accepted Answer

The central route to persuasion is more effective when individuals are highly educated and motivated.

Accepted Answer

Peripheral cues are more effective in persuading individuals who are not highly motivated.

Answer

Fear appeals are always effective in persuading individuals to change their behavior.

Answer

The elaboration likelihood model suggests that individuals always use the central route to persuasion.

Question 62

What are the psychological factors that influence conformity? Consider both internal motivations and external pressures.

Accepted Answer

Internal factors include the desire for acceptance and fear of rejection.

Accepted Answer

External factors include group size and member status.

Answer

Conformity is driven solely by external pressures.

Answer

Internal factors are more influential than external factors in shaping conformity.

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle of social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Individuals always act rationally in their own best interests.

Answer

Individuals' behavior is influenced by their social context.

Answer

Cognition and behavior are interconnected.

Answer

Cultural factors shape our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

Question 64

At a social gathering, you may feel more drawn towards interacting with someone who shares your interests or background. This best exemplifies:

Accepted Answer

Similarity-attraction hypothesis

Answer

Halo effect

Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Groupthink