Distributed Systems: A Comprehensive Guide for Pharmacy Students

Question 1

Which of the following components is responsible for facilitating communication between processes in a distributed system?

Accepted Answer

Middleware

Answer

Router

Answer

Network interface card

Question 2

Which of the following is an advantage of scalability in distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Increased throughput

Answer

Lower costs

Question 3

Which of the following protocols is primarily used for distributed file systems?

Accepted Answer

NFS

Answer

HTTP

Answer

SMTP

Question 4

What is the primary goal of load balancing in distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Distributing the workload evenly across multiple servers

Answer

Optimizing network traffic

Answer

Ensuring data consistency

Question 5

Which characteristic is absent in distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Centralization

Answer

Concurrency

Answer

Fault tolerance

Answer

Scalability

Question 6

What is the primary objective of replication in a distributed system?

Accepted Answer

Enhance fault tolerance

Answer

Reduce network latency

Answer

Improve data integrity

Answer

Simplify system design

Question 7

Which consensus protocol is widely employed in blockchain systems?

Accepted Answer

Proof-of-Work

Answer

Paxos

Answer

Raft

Answer

Byzantine Generals Problem

Question 8

What is the key benefit of utilizing a message queue in distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Decoupling components

Answer

Reducing communication overhead

Answer

Enhancing data consistency

Answer

Improving performance

Question 9

Which technique enables horizontal scaling of distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Adding more nodes

Answer

Upgrading hardware

Answer

Optimizing code

Answer

Reducing data replication

Question 10

What is the primary purpose of a distributed lock manager?

Accepted Answer

Prevent concurrent access to shared resources

Answer

Improve system performance

Answer

Detect and resolve deadlocks

Answer

Synchronize processes

Question 11

What is the fundamental role of a load balancer in a distributed system?

Accepted Answer

Distribute traffic across multiple servers

Answer

Detect and isolate failed servers

Answer

Handle authentication and authorization

Answer

Store and retrieve user data

Question 12

In distributed systems, which mechanism is employed to enhance fault tolerance?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Load balancing

Answer

Caching

Answer

Encryption

Question 13

In distributed systems, which technique is commonly employed to ensure fault tolerance?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Load Balancing

Answer

Caching

Answer

Concurrency Control

Question 14

The main purpose of a distributed system is to:

Accepted Answer

Provide users with seamless access to resources irrespective of their physical location and offer transparency.

Answer

Reduce hardware and software expenses by utilizing shared resources.

Answer

Enhance the performance and scalability of applications by distributing processing across multiple nodes.

Question 15

Fault tolerance in distributed systems is commonly achieved through:

Accepted Answer

Replication of critical data or services across multiple nodes.

Answer

Implementing concurrency control mechanisms to prevent data inconsistencies.

Answer

Scaling the system to handle increased load and improve performance.

Question 16

In distributed systems, ensuring the consistent ordering of events is facilitated by:

Accepted Answer

Total ordering protocols, which establish a clear sequence for events across all nodes.

Answer

Error control protocols, which detect and correct data transmission errors.

Answer

Flow control protocols, which regulate the flow of data to prevent network congestion.

Answer

Routing protocols, which determine the best path for data transmission.

Question 17

Location transparency in distributed systems refers to:

Accepted Answer

The ability of users to access and utilize resources without being aware of their physical location or distribution.

Answer

The system's ability to conceal network failures and maintain service availability to users.

Answer

The system's capability to distribute workload among multiple nodes for load balancing.

Question 18

Distributed hash tables (DHTs) serve the primary purpose of:

Accepted Answer

Providing a scalable and efficient mechanism for storing and retrieving data in a distributed environment.

Answer

Coordinating distributed transactions to ensure data integrity and consistency.

Answer

Implementing a distributed lock manager to coordinate access to shared resources.

Question 19

A key benefit of employing a distributed cache in a distributed system is:

Accepted Answer

Reduced latency for frequently accessed data, improving application performance.

Answer

Eliminating the need for data replication, simplifying system design and reducing storage costs.

Answer

Enhanced fault tolerance by storing copies of data in multiple locations, increasing data availability.

Question 20

The Paxos algorithm is primarily designed to:

Accepted Answer

Achieve consensus among multiple processes in a distributed system, ensuring agreement on critical decisions.

Answer

Detect and recover from network failures, maintaining system availability and data integrity.

Answer

Implement mutual exclusion, preventing multiple processes from accessing shared resources simultaneously.

Answer

Manage distributed transactions, coordinating the execution of atomic operations across multiple nodes.

Question 21

According to the CAP theorem, in a distributed system, it is impossible to simultaneously guarantee:

Accepted Answer

Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance.

Answer

Scalability, Performance, and Security.

Answer

Fault Tolerance, Reliability, and Maintainability.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Reduced security risks

Answer

Improved fault tolerance

Answer

Increased scalability

Answer

Enhanced availability

Question 23

Which of the following is a common approach to achieving fault tolerance in distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Redundancy and replication

Answer

Data partitioning

Answer

Centralized control

Answer

Message queuing

Question 24

In a distributed system, which approach ensures that all nodes have an up-to-date copy of the data?

Accepted Answer

Consensus protocols

Answer

Data partitioning

Answer

Load balancing

Answer

Message queues

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a common type of distributed consensus protocol?

Accepted Answer

Round-Robin

Answer

Raft

Answer

Two-Phase Commit

Answer

Paxos

Question 26

A distributed system that uses a shared-nothing architecture is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Nodes having no shared resources, including memory or disk storage

Answer

Centralized control over all nodes

Answer

A single point of failure

Question 27

Which of the following is a benefit of using a distributed cache in a system?

Accepted Answer

Reduced latency for frequently accessed data

Answer

Reduced storage requirements

Answer

Increased data consistency

Answer

Improved fault tolerance

Question 28

In the context of distributed systems, what is the main purpose of a message queue?

Accepted Answer

Asynchronous communication between independent services

Answer

Maintaining data consistency across nodes

Answer

Load balancing requests across multiple nodes

Question 29

You are designing a distributed system that needs to handle a large number of concurrent requests. Which architectural pattern would be most suitable?

Accepted Answer

Microservices

Answer

Peer-to-Peer

Answer

Centralized

Answer

Client-Server

Question 30

What is the primary concern when implementing a distributed tracing system?

Accepted Answer

Tracking requests across multiple services to identify performance bottlenecks

Answer

Maintaining a high level of security

Answer

Ensuring data consistency across nodes