Endocrine Pharmacology: Drugs for Endocrine Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of long-term glucocorticoid therapy?

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility to infections

Answer

Improved blood sugar control

Answer

Increased bone density

Answer

Increased muscle mass

Question 2

A 60-year-old patient exhibits symptoms consistent with Cushing's syndrome. Which diagnostic test is most suitable to confirm the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Serum cortisol levels

Answer

Thyroid function tests

Answer

Adrenal gland ultrasound

Answer

Urinary catecholamines

Question 3

Which of the following is a therapeutic use of somatotropin?

Accepted Answer

Growth stimulation in children with growth hormone deficiency

Answer

Treatment of excess growth hormone (acromegaly)

Answer

Prevention of age-related bone loss (osteoporosis)

Question 4

Identify the mechanism of action that is not associated with antithyroid drugs:

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of thyroid hormone release

Answer

Inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis

Answer

Inhibition of iodine organification

Answer

Inhibition of thyroid hormone metabolism

Question 5

Identify the drug that belongs to the class of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs):

Accepted Answer

Tamoxifen

Answer

Letrozole

Answer

Anastrozole

Answer

Exemestane

Question 6

Identify the primary mechanism of action of insulin:

Accepted Answer

Enhanced glucose uptake by peripheral tissues

Answer

Inhibition of glucose production by the liver

Answer

Stimulation of glucagon secretion

Answer

Increased glycogenolysis

Question 7

Which of the following is not a recognized type of diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatitis-associated diabetes

Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Answer

Gestational diabetes

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Enhances water reabsorption in the collecting ducts

Answer

Increases sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubules

Answer

Stimulates thirst

Answer

Inhibits the secretion of aldosterone

Question 9

How do negative feedback mechanisms contribute to regulating hormone secretion and maintaining hormonal balance?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback mechanisms suppress hormone secretion when hormone levels rise, ensuring hormonal balance.

Answer

Positive feedback mechanisms enhance hormone secretion, potentially leading to hormonal imbalances.

Question 10

Which hormone is crucial for normal growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 11

What is the primary therapeutic use of insulin?

Accepted Answer

Management of diabetes mellitus by regulating blood glucose levels

Answer

Relief of pain and inflammation

Answer

Prevention of osteoporosis

Answer

Treatment of hypertension

Question 12

What is the mechanism of action of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)?

Accepted Answer

Bind to estrogen receptors in target tissues, exhibiting tissue-specific agonistic and antagonistic effects

Answer

Stimulate release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Inhibit estrogen synthesis

Question 13

What is the major difference between first- and second-generation antipsychotics?

Accepted Answer

Second-generation antipsychotics have a lower risk of extrapyramidal side effects due to their atypical dopamine receptor binding profile

Answer

Second-generation antipsychotics are available in both oral and injectable formulations

Answer

First-generation antipsychotics are more effective in treating positive symptoms

Question 14

Which of the following is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?

Accepted Answer

Fluoxetine

Answer

Bupropion

Answer

Venlafaxine

Answer

Mirtazapine

Question 15

What is the primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?

Accepted Answer

Enhancement of GABAergic neurotransmission by increasing the affinity of GABA for its receptors

Answer

Stimulation of dopaminergic pathways

Answer

Inhibition of noradrenergic neurotransmission

Question 16

What is a major adverse effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

Accepted Answer

Gastrointestinal bleeding due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, which protects the gastric mucosa

Answer

Neurological toxicity

Answer

Hepatotoxicity

Answer

Cardiovascular events