Gastrointestinal Pharmacology: Master GI Drug Actions with Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of antacids?

Accepted Answer

Neutralizing stomach acid

Answer

Inhibiting stomach acid secretion

Answer

Increasing stomach motility

Answer

Stimulating mucus production

Question 2

Which property is essential for an effective antacid?

Accepted Answer

High acid-neutralizing capacity

Answer

Rapid onset of action

Answer

Long duration of action

Answer

Low potential for systemic absorption

Question 3

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of metoclopramide?

Accepted Answer

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Headache

Answer

Bradycardia

Question 4

Which of the following drugs is an example of a bulk-forming laxative?

Accepted Answer

Psyllium

Answer

Magnesium hydroxide

Answer

Mineral oil

Answer

Sodium picosulfate

Question 5

Which of the following drugs is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Omeprazole

Answer

Ondansetron

Answer

Polyethylene glycol

Answer

Bisacodyl

Question 6

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of bismuth subsalicylate?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a protective layer over the gastric mucosa

Answer

Adsorption of bile acids

Answer

Inhibition of gastric acid secretion

Answer

Stimulation of mucus production

Question 7

Which of the following is a potential drug interaction with histamine-2 receptor antagonists?

Accepted Answer

Increased absorption of digoxin

Answer

Reduced absorption of iron

Answer

Increased clearance of warfarin

Answer

Reduced absorption of calcium

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of irritable bowel syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Diarrhoea

Answer

Constipation

Question 9

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of antidiarrheal medications?

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Headache

Answer

Skin rash

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of antacids?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating gastric acid secretion

Answer

Neutralizing gastric acid

Answer

Buffering gastric acid

Answer

Protecting the gastric mucosa

Question 11

Which of the following antiemetics is a selective serotonin type-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist?

Accepted Answer

Ondansetron

Answer

Metoclopramide

Answer

Domperidone

Answer

Prochlorperazine

Question 12

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of proton pump inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Headache

Answer

Dizziness

Question 13

Which of the following is a mechanism of action of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists?

Accepted Answer

Blockade of 5-HT3 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing nausea and vomiting

Answer

Question 14

Which of the following is a potential drug interaction with proton pump inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Increased absorption of warfarin due to decreased gastric acid secretion

Answer

Question 15

Which of the following is a type of osmotic laxative?

Accepted Answer

Lactulose

Answer

Question 16

A patient with a history of gastric ulcers is seeking over-the-counter advice for heartburn relief. Which medication would be the MOST appropriate to recommend?

Accepted Answer

Omeprazole (a proton pump inhibitor)

Answer

Loperamide (an antidiarrheal)

Answer

Bisacodyl (a stimulant laxative)

Answer

Magnesium hydroxide (an antacid)

Question 17

What is the PRIMARY mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like omeprazole?

Accepted Answer

Irreversible inhibition of the H+/K+ ATPase pump in parietal cells

Answer

Blocking histamine H2 receptors on parietal cells

Answer

Stimulating the production of bicarbonate ions in the pancreas

Answer

Neutralizing gastric acid by forming a physical barrier

Question 18

Which antiemetic drug is considered the MOST effective for preventing nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Ondansetron (a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist)

Answer

Dimenhydrinate (an antihistamine)

Answer

Metoclopramide (a dopamine antagonist)

Answer

Prochlorperazine (a phenothiazine antipsychotic)

Question 19

Which of the following is a common side effect associated with long-term use of aluminum-containing antacids?

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Hypocalcemia

Question 20

Which laxative type works by increasing fecal bulk and stimulating peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Bulk-forming laxatives (e.g., psyllium)

Answer

Stimulant laxatives (e.g., senna)

Answer

Stool softeners (e.g., docusate sodium)

Answer

Osmotic laxatives (e.g., lactulose)

Question 21

Which drug is a synthetic analog of somatostatin used in the management of bleeding esophageal varices?

Accepted Answer

Octreotide

Answer

Ranitidine

Answer

Misoprostol

Answer

Sucralfate

Question 22

Which of the following is a potential serious adverse effect associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 23

Infliximab is prescribed for a patient with Crohn's disease. What is the primary mechanism of action of this drug?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)

Answer

Blockade of interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptors

Answer

Suppression of T-cell activation

Answer

Inhibition of leukotriene synthesis

Question 24

Which drug is a prokinetic agent that accelerates gastric emptying by enhancing the sensitivity of receptors to acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

Metoclopramide

Answer

Ondansetron

Answer

Loperamide

Answer

Docusate sodium

Question 25

Which of the following drugs is MOST likely to cause constipation as a side effect?

Accepted Answer

Loperamide (an antidiarrheal)

Answer

Magnesium citrate (an osmotic laxative)

Answer

Bisacodyl (a stimulant laxative)

Answer

Lubiprostone (a chloride channel activator)