Adrenal Glands: Structure, Function, and Regulation - Physiology Quiz

Question 1

Which catecholamine is primarily secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 2

The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex synthesizes which type of hormone?

Accepted Answer

Glucocorticoids

Answer

Mineralcorticoids

Answer

Sex hormones

Answer

Catecholamines

Question 3

Which factor primarily stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

ACTH

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Noradrenaline

Answer

Vasopressin

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a physiological effect of adrenaline?

Accepted Answer

Increased insulin secretion

Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Bronchodilation

Answer

Vasoconstriction

Question 5

Where are the adrenal glands located?

Accepted Answer

Above the kidneys

Answer

Below the liver

Answer

Inside the pancreas

Answer

Adjacent to the thyroid gland

Question 6

Which hormone is NOT involved in the body's stress response?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Noradrenaline

Question 7

Addison's disease is caused by:

Accepted Answer

Insufficient adrenal hormone production

Answer

Excessive adrenal hormone production

Answer

Overactivity of the pituitary gland

Answer

Underactivity of the thyroid gland

Question 8

Which layer of the adrenal cortex is responsible for producing sex hormones?

Accepted Answer

Zona reticularis

Answer

Zona glomerulosa

Answer

Zona fasciculata

Answer

Zona medullaris

Question 9

Why are the adrenal glands considered vital for life?

Accepted Answer

They regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance, and produce hormones crucial for stress response.

Answer

They synthesize enzymes necessary for digestion.

Answer

They filter toxins from the blood.

Answer

They store glucose for energy production.

Question 10

What is the primary physiological function of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte balance

Answer

Promoting glucose release from the liver

Answer

Mobilizing fatty acids from adipose tissue

Answer

Stimulating the release of immune cells

Question 11

Which of the following triggers the release of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Answer

Elevated blood sugar levels

Answer

High levels of the hormone cortisol

Question 12

What is the primary precursor molecule used for steroid hormone synthesis in the adrenal glands?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Fatty acids

Answer

Amino acids

Question 13

Which enzyme is involved in the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone in the adrenal hormone synthesis pathway?

Accepted Answer

3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

Answer

17α-hydroxylase

Answer

21-hydroxylase

Answer

11β-hydroxylase

Question 14

Cushing's syndrome is primarily characterized by?

Accepted Answer

Excessive secretion of glucocorticoids

Answer

Deficient secretion of glucocorticoids

Answer

Excessive secretion of adrenaline

Answer

Deficient secretion of adrenaline

Question 15

What is the primary effect of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) on the adrenal glands?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates the production of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Answer

Inhibits the production of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Answer

Stimulates the production of adrenaline

Answer

Inhibits the production of adrenaline

Question 16

How do the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata differ in their primary hormone production?

Accepted Answer

Zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, while zona fasciculata produces glucocorticoids

Answer

Zona fasciculata produces mineralocorticoids, while zona glomerulosa produces glucocorticoids

Answer

Both zones produce glucocorticoids

Answer

Both zones produce mineralocorticoids

Question 17

Which layer of the adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

Zona fasciculata

Answer

Zona reticularis

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Zona glomerulosa

Question 18

What is the predominant hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Glucocorticoids

Answer

Mineralocorticoids

Question 19

Which hormone stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

ACTH

Answer

TSH

Answer

GH

Answer

FSH

Question 20

Which effect is NOT associated with glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

Bronchial constriction

Answer

Anti-inflammatory actions

Answer

Increased blood glucose levels

Answer

Suppression of the immune system

Question 21

What is the principal mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 22

Which condition is characterized by excessive secretion of mineralocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

Conn's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Pheochromocytoma

Question 23

Which enzyme is involved in the final step of catecholamine synthesis in the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT)

Answer

Dopamine decarboxylase

Answer

Cytochrome P450

Answer

Tyrosine hydroxylase

Question 24

What is the major physiological effect of epinephrine secretion?

Accepted Answer

Fight-or-flight response

Answer

Relaxation of smooth muscle

Answer

Anti-inflammatory actions

Answer

Stimulation of insulin secretion

Question 25

Which of the following genetic disorders is associated with an increased risk of pheochromocytoma?

Accepted Answer

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Hemochromatosis

Question 26

What is the primary diagnostic test for Addison's disease?

Accepted Answer

ACTH stimulation test

Answer

Urine steroid profile

Answer

Catecholamine assay

Answer

DEXA scan