Cardiac Structure and Function Quizzes: Master Heart Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Which valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Tricuspid valve

Answer

Mitral valve

Answer

Aortic valve

Answer

Pulmonary valve

Question 2

During the cardiac cycle, what is the correct sequence of electrical excitation?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node -> Atrioventricular (AV) node -> Bundle of His -> Purkinje fibers

Answer

AV node -> SA node -> Bundle of His -> Purkinje fibers

Answer

SA node -> Bundle of His -> AV node -> Purkinje fibers

Answer

Bundle of His -> SA node -> AV node -> Purkinje fibers

Question 3

What is the primary function of the left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Pumping oxygenated blood to the body

Answer

Pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Answer

Receiving deoxygenated blood from the body

Answer

Receiving oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 4

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Aorta

Answer

Pulmonary artery

Answer

Pulmonary vein

Answer

Vena cava

Question 5

What histological characteristic is unique to the sinoatrial (SA) node?

Accepted Answer

High density of nodal cells

Answer

Presence of sparse Purkinje fibers

Answer

Extensive vascularization

Answer

Abundant collagen deposition

Question 6

What is the primary purpose of the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

Supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle

Answer

Removing deoxygenated blood from the heart

Answer

Regulating blood pressure within the heart

Answer

Conducting electrical impulses throughout the heart

Question 7

Which measurement is used to assess ventricular contractility?

Accepted Answer

Ejection fraction

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Heart rate

Question 8

Compare the physiological differences between systemic and pulmonary circulations, emphasizing the adaptations of their respective blood vessels.

Accepted Answer

Systemic: High pressure, oxygenated blood, thick muscular walls; Pulmonary: Low pressure, deoxygenated blood, thin walls

Answer

Systemic: Carries oxygenated blood; Pulmonary: Carries deoxygenated blood

Answer

Systemic: High volume, thin walls; Pulmonary: Low volume, thick walls

Answer

Systemic: Supplies blood to the body; Pulmonary: Supplies blood to the lungs

Question 9

An increase in both heart rate and stroke volume will result in what effect on cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Increased cardiac output

Answer

Decreased cardiac output

Answer

No change in cardiac output

Question 10

Which imaging technique provides real-time, cross-sectional images of the heart's structure?

Accepted Answer

Echocardiography

Answer

Electrocardiography (ECG)

Answer

Cardiac catheterization

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 11

Which statement best describes the innervation of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate and contractility, while the parasympathetic nervous system decreases both.

Answer

Only the vagus nerve, part of the parasympathetic nervous system, innervates the heart.

Answer

The sympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate, while the parasympathetic nervous system increases it.

Answer

The heart has no direct neural innervation.

Question 12

Which heart valve prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Aortic valve

Answer

Mitral valve

Answer

Tricuspid valve

Answer

Pulmonary valve

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a chamber of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Artery

Answer

Right ventricle

Answer

Right atrium

Answer

Left ventricle

Question 14

Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Mitral valve (also known as bicuspid valve)

Answer

Tricuspid valve

Answer

Aortic valve

Answer

Pulmonary valve

Question 15

What is the name of the electrical impulse that triggers the contraction of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial node

Answer

Purkinje fibers

Answer

Atrioventricular node

Answer

Bundle of His

Question 16

Which of the following factors does NOT affect cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Body weight

Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Preload

Answer

Heart rate

Question 17

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Aorta

Answer

Pulmonary artery

Answer

Capillary

Answer

Pulmonary vein

Question 18

What is the name of the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart relaxes and fills with blood?

Accepted Answer

Diastole

Answer

Ischemia

Answer

Refractory period

Answer

Systole

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the pericardium?

Accepted Answer

Protects and contains the heart

Answer

Initiates heart contractions

Answer

Produces hormones

Answer

Regulates blood pressure

Question 20

Which type of muscle is found in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Answer

Voluntary muscle

Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 21

What is the term for the abnormal enlargement of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Cardiomegaly

Answer

Myocardial infarction

Answer

Ischemia

Answer

Arrhythmia

Question 22

Which of the following hormones is a key regulator of heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin