Nephron Structure and Function Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge

Question 1

Which component is NOT a part of the renal corpuscle, the functional unit of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer

Glomerulus

Answer

Bowman's capsule

Answer

Afferent arteriole

Question 2

How does the loop of Henle contribute to the concentration of urine?

Accepted Answer

Forms a hypertonic medullary interstitial fluid

Answer

Enhances water reabsorption from the ascending limb

Answer

Secretes sodium into the distal tubule

Answer

Filters waste products from the blood

Question 3

Which condition is characterized by abnormally high urine production?

Accepted Answer

Polyuria

Answer

Anuria

Answer

Oliguria

Answer

Nocturia

Question 4

What is the primary responsibility of the nephron within the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Filters waste products from the blood

Answer

Maintains electrolyte balance

Answer

Regulates blood pressure

Answer

Produces red blood cells

Question 5

Which component is NOT part of the structural composition of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Renal pelvis

Answer

Glomerulus

Answer

Bowman's capsule

Answer

Loop of Henle

Question 6

Within the nephron, where does the process of glomerular filtration take place?

Accepted Answer

Bowman's capsule

Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer

Loop of Henle

Answer

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 7

Which substance undergoes active reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Sodium ions

Answer

Water

Answer

Urea

Question 8

What is the main function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Secreting renin

Answer

Sensing blood pressure

Answer

Reabsorbing sodium ions

Answer

Producing urine

Question 9

Which layer is NOT part of the glomerular filtration barrier?

Accepted Answer

Parietal epithelium

Answer

Endothelium

Answer

Basement membrane

Answer

Podocytes

Question 10

The vasa recta contribute to concentrated urine formation by:

Accepted Answer

Establishing a countercurrent multiplier system

Answer

Secreting urea

Answer

Reabsorbing water

Answer

Carrying blood away from the glomerulus

Question 11

Which substance is actively secreted in the proximal tubule?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen ions

Answer

Potassium ions

Answer

Creatinine

Answer

Glucose

Question 12

The collecting duct allows for the formation of concentrated urine by being permeable to:

Accepted Answer

Water

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Urea

Answer

Potassium

Question 13

Furosemide primarily targets which part of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Loop of Henle

Answer

Proximal tubule

Answer

Distal tubule

Answer

Collecting duct

Question 14

The structural and functional unit of the kidney is the:

Accepted Answer

Nephron

Answer

Glomerulus

Answer

Ureter

Answer

Renal pelvis

Question 15

Explain how the nephron contributes to maintaining fluid balance in the body, considering the interplay between glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

Glomerular filtration creates an ultrafiltrate, which is selectively reabsorbed in the tubules to maintain fluid balance.

Answer

The nephron filters excess fluid from the blood, which is then reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.

Answer

Tubular secretion actively transports fluid from the blood into the tubules, which is then reabsorbed in the collecting duct.

Answer

The nephron solely regulates fluid balance by excreting excess fluid and electrolytes in the urine.

Question 16

Where does the initial filtration of blood occur in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulus

Answer

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer

Loop of Henle

Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 17

Which process is mainly responsible for the reabsorption of essential nutrients in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Passive diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 18

Which hormone is involved in regulating water reabsorption in the collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Aldosterone

Question 19

What is the main function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Sensing blood pressure changes and regulating renin secretion

Answer

Reabsorbing glucose

Answer

Filtering blood

Answer

Producing hormones

Question 20

What is the primary responsibility of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

To filter waste products from the blood and produce urine

Answer

To regulate blood pressure

Answer

To produce hormones

Answer

To store energy

Question 21

Which type of diuretic primarily targets the loop of Henle, increasing urine output?

Accepted Answer

Loop diuretics

Answer

Osmotic diuretics

Answer

Thiazide diuretics

Answer

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 22

What is the name of the blood vessel that carries blood away from the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

Efferent arteriole

Answer

Afferent arteriole

Answer

Renal vein

Answer

Renal artery