Pituitary Gland: Structure, Function, and Regulation - Physiology Quiz

Question 1

From the following, which hormone is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 2

The primary regulator of growth hormone (GH) release from the anterior pituitary is:

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Answer

Somatostatin

Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 3

The pituitary gland is located in which region of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Suprasellar region

Answer

Pineal gland

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Medulla oblongata

Question 4

The main target organ of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is the:

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Liver

Answer

Heart

Answer

Lungs

Question 5

Which of the following hormones triggers the release of ACTH from the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Somatostatin

Question 6

The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus via which structure?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

Answer

Superior hypophyseal artery

Answer

Internal carotid artery

Answer

Anterior cerebral artery

Question 7

The embryological precursor of the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland is the:

Accepted Answer

Pars intermedia

Answer

Adenohypophysis

Answer

Neurohypophysis

Answer

Anterior lobe

Question 8

Which of the following hypothalamic hormones prompts the release of Growth Hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Answer

Somatostatin

Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 10

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in lactating women?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Answer

Luteinizing hormone

Question 11

The primary function of the hypothalamus in relation to the pituitary gland is to:

Accepted Answer

Control the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary

Answer

Secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Answer

Produce hormones that are stored in the posterior pituitary

Answer

Regulate the production of all pituitary hormones

Question 12

Acromegaly is a condition characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Excess growth hormone secretion in adults

Answer

Excess growth hormone secretion in children

Answer

Deficient growth hormone secretion in children

Answer

Deficient growth hormone secretion in adults

Question 13

The hormone that inhibits the secretion of prolactin is:

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Prolactin-releasing hormone

Answer

Prolactin-inhibiting hormone

Answer

Somatostatin

Question 14

Which hormone is secreted from the posterior pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 15

Identify the hormone released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce growth hormone.

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer

Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)

Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Question 16

Which of the following is not considered a primary function of the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Regulate blood pressure

Answer

Stimulate milk production

Answer

Control growth and development

Answer

Regulate thyroid hormone secretion

Question 17

Which pituitary hormone is released in response to increased stress levels?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 18

Identify the primary target organ for the hormone oxytocin, which plays a key role in childbirth and lactation.

Accepted Answer

Uterus

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Thyroid

Answer

Kidney

Question 19

Which of the following disorders is characterized by a deficiency of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Dwarfism

Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Gigantism

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom associated with Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Increased blood sugar levels

Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Muscle weakness

Question 21

Which hormone is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Vasopressin

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Luteinizing hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Question 22

Growth hormone secretion is primarily stimulated by which hypothalamic hormone?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone

Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Answer

Somatostatin

Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

Question 23

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in lactating women?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Vasopressin

Answer

Oxytocin

Question 24

Which hormones are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Vasopressin and oxytocin

Answer

Endorphins and enkephalins

Answer

Dopamine and serotonin

Answer

Growth hormone and prolactin

Question 25

Which condition is caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Question 26

Excessive growth hormone secretion during childhood can lead to:

Accepted Answer

Gigantism

Answer

Dwarfism

Answer

Myxedema

Answer

Cretinism

Question 27

Within which structure is the pituitary gland located?

Accepted Answer

Sella turcica

Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pineal gland

Question 28

Which factor inhibits prolactin release?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 29

Which hormones are essential for the development of secondary sexual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropins

Answer

Mineralcorticoids

Answer

Glucocorticoids

Question 30

Which is NOT a function of the posterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Answer

Release of hormones

Answer

Regulation of blood pressure

Answer

Storage of hormones