Psychology of Ageing: Enhance Your Understanding with Engaging Quizzes

Question 1

Which theory of ageing highlights the impact of social factors, like social norms, roles, and relationships, on the ageing process?

Accepted Answer

Social theory

Answer

Biological theory

Answer

Psychological theory

Answer

Cognitive theory

Question 2

Which theory of cognitive ageing emphasizes the impact of social factors on cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Social cognitive theory

Answer

Neurocognitive theory

Answer

Information-processing theory

Answer

Lifespan cognitive development theory

Question 3

Which cognitive abilities typically improve with age?

Accepted Answer

Vocabulary and knowledge generally improve with age.

Answer

All cognitive abilities decline steadily with age.

Answer

Cognitive decline is an inevitable and irreversible part of ageing.

Answer

Cognitive ageing is solely caused by changes in brain structure and function.

Question 4

Which theory of cognitive aging focuses on the decline in reasoning and problem-solving abilities?

Accepted Answer

Fluid Intelligence Theory

Answer

Crystallized Intelligence Theory

Answer

Baltes' Lifespan Theory

Answer

Selective Optimization with Compensation Theory

Question 5

Which theory does **not** specifically focus on cognitive changes associated with ageing?

Accepted Answer

Emotion regulation theory

Answer

Cognitive decline theory

Answer

Processing speed theory

Answer

Working memory theory

Question 6

Which of the following is a cognitive change that does NOT typically occur with ageing?

Accepted Answer

Increased processing speed

Answer

Memory impairments

Answer

Attention and concentration difficulties

Answer

Executive function decline

Question 7

According to Selective Optimization with Compensation theory, cognitive decline in old age is caused by:

Accepted Answer

Using less efficient processing strategies to maintain cognitive functioning.

Answer

A decline in fluid intelligence, while crystallized intelligence remains stable.

Answer

The depletion of cognitive reserve, which is a measure of the brain's capacity to withstand damage.

Answer

A shift in focus from social and emotional goals to cognitive goals.

Question 8

Which of the following is **not** a typical symptom of age-related cognitive decline?

Accepted Answer

Increased attention

Answer

Memory loss

Answer

Reduced problem-solving ability

Answer

Slower processing speed

Question 9

Which of the following characteristics is strongly associated with successful aging?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining a resilient and optimistic outlook on life

Answer

Experiencing a significant decline in cognitive abilities

Answer

Completely withdrawing from social activities and interactions

Answer

Experiencing a complete loss of physical independence

Question 10

Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to:

Accepted Answer

Solve problems and adapt to new situations.

Answer

Acquire and retain knowledge over time.

Answer

Control impulses and make decisions.

Answer

Comprehend language and communicate ideas.

Question 11

Which factor does NOT significantly impact emotional changes in later life?

Accepted Answer

Height

Answer

Alterations in brain structure and function

Answer

Personality characteristics

Answer

Social expectations and norms

Question 12

Which personality characteristic is typically stable in older adults, according to the five-factor model?

Accepted Answer

The five personality factors (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism) remain relevant.

Answer

Personality traits become less clear.

Answer

Personality disorders become more common with age.

Answer

Personality changes are always negative in later life.

Question 13

Fluid intelligence, which generally declines with age, is characterized by which of the following abilities?

Accepted Answer

C. Thinking abstractly and solving novel problems

Answer

A. Remaining stable throughout life

Answer

B. Relying heavily on formal education

Answer

D. Accumulating knowledge and skills

Question 14

According to the Processing Speed Theory of cognitive ageing, what is the primary cause of age-related cognitive decline?

Accepted Answer

Processing Speed

Answer

Fluid Intelligence

Answer

Selective Attention

Answer

Executive Function

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a typical cognitive decline seen in older adults, according to theories on cognitive ageing?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced creativity

Answer

Memory loss

Answer

Impaired attention and concentration

Answer

Reduced processing speed

Question 16

Which theory of cognitive ageing suggests that cognitive changes in old age result from reduced efficiency in processing information?

Accepted Answer

Information-Processing Theory

Answer

Selective-Optimisation-with-Compensation Theory

Answer

Life-Course Theory

Answer

Developmental-Stage Theory

Question 17

Which theory does NOT explain the cognitive changes that occur during ageing?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive disengagement theory

Answer

Fluid and crystallized intelligence theory

Answer

Information-processing theory

Answer

Neural network theory

Question 18

What is a key indicator of successful ageing?

Accepted Answer

Positive outlook

Answer

Cognitive decline

Answer

Increased stress

Answer

Social withdrawal

Question 19

Which emotional change associated with ageing is often linked to negative outcomes and diminished well-being?

Accepted Answer

Increased anxiety

Answer

Increased emotional resilience

Answer

Enhanced empathy and compassion

Answer

Reduced emotional expressiveness

Question 20

Which of the following is a core personality trait identified by the five-factor model?

Accepted Answer

Extraversion

Answer

Intelligence

Answer

Resilience

Question 21

Which key component of psychological aging is emphasized by socioemotional selectivity theory?

Accepted Answer

Prioritizing positive emotions and meaningful experiences

Answer

Expanding social networks to include new acquaintances

Answer

Decreased emotional reactivity to both positive and negative stimuli

Question 22

The retrieval deficit hypothesis suggests that memory decline in older adults is primarily due to:

Accepted Answer

Difficulty retrieving memories

Answer

Slower information processing speed

Answer

Impaired memory storage

Answer

Reduced brain neuron count

Question 23

Which theory explains cognitive ageing as a process of selecting, optimizing, and compensating for cognitive abilities?

Accepted Answer

Baltes' Selection, Optimization and Compensation model

Answer

Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

Answer

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development

Answer

Vygotsky's Socio-cultural Theory

Question 24

Which theory is not related to cognitive ageing?

Accepted Answer

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Answer

Information-Processing Speed Hypothesis

Answer

Fluid-Crystallised Intelligence Theory

Question 25

Which of these is generally regarded as a positive emotional change associated with ageing?

Accepted Answer

Increased sense of calm and contentment

Answer

Increased emotional outbursts

Answer

Reduced emotional expressiveness

Answer

Diminished emotional regulation

Question 26

Which of the following is the main reason for cognitive decline in old age, according to the neurotransmitter theory of ageing?

Accepted Answer

Reduced neurotransmission efficiency

Answer

Increased neural communication

Answer

Enhanced synaptic plasticity

Answer

Elevated levels of neurotransmitters

Question 27

During the later stages of life, which of the following is a potential positive emotional shift?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced emotional intelligence and wisdom

Answer

Increased tendency towards negative emotions

Answer

Heightened emotional instability

Question 28

As people age, what is a common change in executive function?

Accepted Answer

Decreased working memory

Answer

Better multitasking skills

Question 29

As people age, which emotional change is commonly observed?

Accepted Answer

Increased subjective well-being

Answer

Increased impulsivity

Answer

Increased anxiety levels

Answer

Increased risk-taking tendencies

Question 30

Which of the following characteristics is **NOT** associated with successful ageing?

Accepted Answer

Experiencing feelings of loneliness and isolation

Answer

Maintaining an active social life

Answer

Having a positive outlook on life

Answer

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a theory that explains cognitive changes in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

Answer

Information-Processing Speed Theory

Answer

Neural Degeneration Theory

Question 32

What is a common early sign of dementia?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty remembering recent events

Answer

Increased attention span

Answer

Experiencing hallucinations and delusions

Question 33

Which memory impairment is typically observed as part of normal ageing and involves a gradual decline in the ability to learn and recall new information?

Accepted Answer

Age-Associated Memory Impairment (AAMI)

Answer

Dementia

Answer

Amnesia

Answer

Alzheimer's Disease

Question 34

Among older adults, which anxiety disorder is most commonly diagnosed?

Accepted Answer

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer

Panic disorder

Answer

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Answer

Social phobia

Question 35

Which theory of cognitive ageing proposes that a decline in processing speed is the primary cause of age-related cognitive impairments?

Accepted Answer

Processing Speed Theory

Answer

Selective Optimization with Compensation Theory

Answer

Fluid Intelligence Theory

Answer

Cognitive Reserve Theory

Question 36

Which of these is a positive emotional change that can happen as we age?

Accepted Answer

Greater emotional stability

Answer

More anxiety

Answer

Less sense of purpose

Answer

More loneliness

Question 37

Which brain change associated with ageing leads to slower information processing?

Accepted Answer

Reduced synaptic density

Answer

Increased white matter volume

Answer

Elevated neurotransmitter levels

Question 38

Which of the following is a characteristic of cognitive changes that occur with ageing?

Accepted Answer

Decline in processing speed

Answer

Increased fluid intelligence

Answer

Improved episodic memory

Answer

Enhanced working memory

Question 39

Which of the following is **not** a common cognitive change associated with ageing?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced multitasking abilities

Answer

Memory impairments

Answer

Reduced reasoning and decision-making skills

Answer

Slower reaction times

Question 40

Which of the following statements best describes the perspective of social theories on ageing?

Accepted Answer

Ageing is shaped by social and cultural factors.

Answer

Ageing is solely a biological process.

Answer

Ageing affects everyone in the same way.

Question 41

As individuals age, what general trend is observed regarding their cognitive abilities?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive abilities generally decline with age, but the decline varies across different cognitive areas.

Answer

Cognitive abilities remain stable throughout adulthood.

Answer

Memory and attention decline, but problem-solving improves with age.

Answer

Cognitive decline is universal and uniform across all individuals.

Question 42

Which of the following brain changes is associated with cognitive decline in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Reduced size of the hippocampus

Answer

Increased production of neurotransmitters

Answer

Increased activity in the prefrontal cortex

Answer

Enhanced connectivity between brain regions

Question 43

How does a history of traumatic brain injury affect the cognitive ageing process?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with a history of traumatic brain injury experience a more rapid decline in cognitive function.

Answer

Individuals with a history of traumatic brain injury experience a slower decline in cognitive function.

Answer

Individuals with a history of traumatic brain injury experience no difference in cognitive decline.

Answer

Individuals with a history of traumatic brain injury experience an improvement in cognitive function.

Question 44

Which of the following is considered a hallmark of successful psychological ageing?

Accepted Answer

Preservation of cognitive capabilities

Answer

Increased emotional instability

Answer

Reduced social engagement

Answer

Diminished sense of purpose

Question 45

The 'Selective Optimism' theory of ageing suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Older adults tend to focus on positive information and experiences.

Answer

Older adults engage in frequent memory distortion.

Answer

Older adults possess a decreased capacity for regulating their emotions.

Answer

Older adults experience a general decline in positive emotions.

Question 46

Which of the following is a potential risk factor for cognitive impairment in older adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Social isolation

Answer

Intellectual stimulation

Answer

Sufficient sleep

Answer

Regular physical activity

Question 47

The 'Grandparent Paradox' refers to the finding that:

Accepted Answer

Grandparents report higher levels of subjective well-being compared to non-grandparents.

Answer

Grandparents provide less support to their grandchildren than parents provide to their children.

Answer

Grandparents are more likely to develop dementia than non-grandparents.

Answer

Grandchildren have a negative impact on the physical health of their grandparents.

Question 48

The 'Wisdom Paradox' proposes that:

Accepted Answer

Older adults possess greater wisdom compared to younger adults.

Answer

Older adults have difficulty regulating their emotions.

Answer

Older adults experience a decline in their decision-making abilities.

Answer

Older adults are less receptive to new experiences.

Question 49

Which of the following is a typical cognitive change associated with normal ageing?

Accepted Answer

Reduced processing speed

Answer

Improved working memory

Question 50

Which of the following is a typical cognitive decline seen in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Slower processing speed

Answer

Improved problem-solving skills

Answer

Enhanced memory

Answer

Increased attention span

Question 51

How does emotional regulation change with age? Consider socioemotional selectivity theory and the impact of positive and negative emotional experiences on emotional regulation in older adults.

Accepted Answer

According to socioemotional selectivity theory, older adults prioritize positive emotions and minimize negative ones, leading to improved emotional regulation.

Answer

Emotional regulation remains stable throughout life, with no significant changes in older adulthood.

Answer

Positive emotional experiences have no effect on emotional regulation in older adulthood.

Answer

Negative emotional experiences inevitably lead to diminished emotional regulation in older adulthood.

Question 52

Which of the following is a common cognitive change observed in ageing?

Accepted Answer

Decline in fluid intelligence

Answer

Improved attention and concentration

Answer

Enhanced memory

Answer

Increased perceptual abilities

Question 53

How does personality typically change with age?

Accepted Answer

Personality traits become more stable and less malleable

Answer

Individuals become more impulsive and risk-taking

Answer

Levels of extroversion and openness decrease

Answer

Agreeableness and conscientiousness significantly increase

Question 54

According to socioemotional selectivity theory, how does social interaction change with age?

Accepted Answer

Individuals prioritize positive emotions and focus on meaningful relationships

Answer

Older adults engage in more social activities and interactions than younger adults

Answer

Emotional processing becomes more complex and sophisticated

Answer

Social interaction becomes less important as people age

Question 55

Which theory suggests that personality characteristics become more consistent and less malleable during ageing?

Accepted Answer

Selective optimization with compensation theory

Answer

Intrapersonal theory

Answer

Transactional model of stress and coping

Answer

Ego integrity model

Question 56

How do governments, organizations, and individuals work together to create age-friendly communities that support successful ageing?

Accepted Answer

Governments, organizations, and individuals should collaborate to create age-friendly environments that support older adults' physical, social, and emotional well-being.

Answer

Governments should only provide financial aid to older adults.

Answer

Organizations should only focus on providing leisure activities for older adults.

Answer

Individuals have no role in promoting successful ageing.

Question 57

According to the Fluid-Crystallized Intelligence model, which type of intelligence undergoes a more pronounced decline with age?

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence

Answer

Crystallized intelligence

Answer

Both fluid and crystallized intelligence

Answer

Neither fluid nor crystallized intelligence

Question 58

The five-factor model of personality proposes that:

Accepted Answer

Personality traits remain relatively stable across the life course

Answer

Personality traits undergo significant changes throughout the lifespan

Answer

Personality is primarily determined by genetic factors

Answer

Personality traits have no bearing on psychological well-being

Question 59

Which Eriksonian stage of psychosocial development corresponds to late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Integrity vs. despair

Answer

Identity vs. role confusion

Answer

Generativity vs. stagnation

Answer

Intimacy vs. isolation

Question 60

According to the socioemotional selectivity theory, older adults tend to:

Accepted Answer

Prioritize relationships that provide emotional support

Answer

Increase their involvement in social activities

Answer

Withdraw from social interactions and become more isolated

Answer

Experience increased negative emotions

Question 61

Which of the following is a common cognitive change associated with ageing?

Accepted Answer

Slower processing speed

Answer

Improved short-term memory

Answer

Enhanced problem-solving abilities

Answer

Increased creativity

Question 62

The concept of 'fluid intelligence' refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Capacity to learn new information and adapt to novel situations

Answer

Accumulated knowledge and experience

Answer

Ability to reason logically

Answer

Skill in solving problems quickly and efficiently

Question 63

Self-efficacy refers to:

Accepted Answer

Belief in one's ability to perform a specific task

Answer

Confidence in achieving a desired outcome

Answer

Level of motivation to engage in an activity

Answer

Capacity for social interaction

Question 64

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the developmental crisis of late adulthood is:

Accepted Answer

Integrity versus despair

Answer

Generativity versus stagnation

Answer

Intimacy versus isolation

Answer

Identity versus role confusion