Water Pollution: Sources, Types, Effects, and Control

Question 1

Which of the following is not a major source of water pollution?

Accepted Answer

Volcanic eruptions

Answer

Industrial effluent

Answer

Agricultural runoff

Answer

Domestic sewage

Question 2

Which parameter measures the ability of water to dissolve oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Dissolved oxygen (DO)

Answer

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

Answer

Chemical oxygen demand (COD)

Answer

Total suspended solids (TSS)

Question 3

What type of water pollutant is caused by the breakdown of organic matter and can lead to eutrophication?

Accepted Answer

Biological

Answer

Chemical

Answer

Physical

Answer

Thermal

Question 4

Which of the following is a common water pollution control technology used in wastewater treatment plants?

Accepted Answer

Activated sludge process

Answer

Reverse osmosis

Answer

Incineration

Answer

Landfilling

Question 5

What type of water pollutant can lead to algal blooms and oxygen depletion in water bodies?

Accepted Answer

Nutrients

Answer

Heavy metals

Answer

Pathogens

Answer

Pesticides

Question 6

What is the primary goal of water quality management strategies?

Accepted Answer

Preventing pollution at its source

Answer

Remediating polluted water bodies

Answer

Monitoring water quality

Answer

Educating the public about water pollution

Question 7

What is the main cause of thermal pollution in water bodies?

Accepted Answer

Discharge of hot water from power plants and industries

Answer

Deforestation along riverbanks

Answer

Agricultural runoff

Answer

Urban stormwater runoff

Question 8

What is the purpose of a water pollution discharge permit?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the discharge of pollutants into water bodies

Answer

To monitor compliance with water quality standards

Answer

To provide financial assistance for water pollution control projects

Answer

To educate the public about water pollution

Question 9

Which type of water pollutant poses a threat to aquatic life by lowering dissolved oxygen levels?

Accepted Answer

Organic matter

Answer

Inorganic salts

Answer

Synthetic chemicals

Answer

Suspended solids

Question 10

What is the primary objective of water pollution control technologies?

Accepted Answer

Removing pollutants from wastewater

Answer

Preventing pollutants from entering water sources

Answer

Remediating polluted water bodies

Answer

Monitoring water quality

Question 11

What is a primary impact of thermal pollution on aquatic ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Reduced biodiversity

Answer

Increased oxygen availability

Answer

Enhanced primary productivity

Answer

Accelerated biogeochemical cycling

Question 12

Eutrophication is a result of excessive:

Accepted Answer

Nutrient enrichment

Answer

Oxygen depletion

Answer

Sedimentation

Answer

Thermal pollution

Question 13

Which of the following is a primary water pollutant that poses a direct health threat?

Accepted Answer

Pathogens

Answer

Heavy metals

Answer

Pesticides

Answer

Suspended solids

Question 14

The separation of solids from wastewater by gravity settling is known as:

Accepted Answer

Sedimentation

Answer

Filtration

Answer

Disinfection

Answer

Activated sludge treatment

Question 15

The acceptable limit of a pollutant in water, as set by regulations, is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Water quality standard

Answer

Threshold limit value

Answer

Emission limit

Answer

Ambient air quality standard

Question 16

In the activated sludge process, what is the main role of microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Break down organic matter in wastewater.

Answer

Remove heavy metals from wastewater.

Answer

Generate oxygen for other microorganisms.

Question 17

Which of the following is a major source of water pollution that can contain a variety of toxic chemicals and heavy metals?

Accepted Answer

Industrial wastewater

Answer

Natural erosion from weathering processes

Answer

Plant debris from forests

Question 18

Which type of water pollutant can kill aquatic organisms by damaging their tissues and disrupting their physiological functions?

Accepted Answer

Toxic chemicals

Answer

Sediment that can clog gills and reduce oxygen levels

Answer

Pathogens that can cause diseases and infections

Question 19

What is the primary effect of excessive nutrient pollution, such as nitrates and phosphates, on water bodies?

Accepted Answer

Eutrophication, leading to algal blooms and reduced oxygen levels

Answer

Acidification, lowering the pH of water

Answer

Hypoxia, causing a severe deficiency of dissolved oxygen

Answer

Salinization, increasing the concentration of dissolved salts

Question 20

Which of the following processes is commonly used in water pollution control to remove suspended solids, particles, and microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Filtration

Answer

Landfilling, a method of solid waste disposal

Answer

Incineration, a high-temperature burning process

Answer

Composting, a process involving organic matter decomposition

Question 21

What is the overarching goal of water quality management, encompassing both the protection of ecosystems and human well-being?

Accepted Answer

To safeguard human health and preserve aquatic ecosystems

Answer

To maximize water usage and minimize waste

Answer

To increase water storage capacity for various uses

Answer

To prevent flooding and mitigate its consequences

Question 22

Which characteristic distinguishes non-point sources of water pollution from point sources?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty in identifying and controlling due to diffuse and dispersed nature

Answer

Originating exclusively from industrial activities

Answer

Having a specific discharge point or outlet

Answer

Discharging a measurable volume of pollutants

Question 23

How do microorganisms contribute to water quality by playing a crucial role in environmental processes?

Accepted Answer

They aid in the decomposition of organic matter and help control pathogen levels

Answer

They do not have a significant role in水quality processes

Answer

They release pollutants that contaminate water sources

Question 24

What is a potential adverse effect of acid rain on aquatic ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Fish kills due to lowered pH and reduced dissolved oxygen levels

Answer

Increased dissolved oxygen levels due to acidic conditions

Answer

Improved water clarity due to reduced suspended particles

Answer

Enhanced aquatic plant growth due to increased nutrient availability

Question 25

What is the primary purpose of utilizing bioindicators in water quality monitoring programs?

Accepted Answer

To assess the overall health and ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems

Answer

To predict future water quality trends based on historical data

Answer

To measure the concentration of specific pollutants in water

Answer

To pinpoint the exact sources of water pollution

Question 26

Which of the following is a major challenge faced in water pollution management, often requiring careful consideration and balancing of priorities?

Accepted Answer

Striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection

Answer

Developing and implementing effective water treatment technologies

Answer

Raising awareness and educating the public about water pollution