Cell Division: A Comprehensive Guide for Biology Students

Question 1

Which sequence correctly lists the stages of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Answer

Metaphase, prophase, telophase, anaphase

Answer

Telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase

Answer

Anaphase, telophase, prophase, metaphase

Question 2

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 3

During which stage of meiosis I do homologous chromosomes pair up?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Answer

Metaphase I

Answer

Anaphase I

Answer

Telophase I

Question 4

Which function is NOT performed by the mitotic spindle?

Accepted Answer

Condensing chromosomes

Answer

Separating sister chromatids

Answer

Aligning chromosomes at the metaphase plate

Answer

Facilitating cytokinesis

Question 5

What term describes the outcome of independent assortment during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Genetic diversity

Answer

Genetic recombination

Answer

Linkage equilibrium

Answer

Non-disjunction

Question 6

What is the primary role of cohesin in cell division?

Accepted Answer

Holding sister chromatids together until anaphase

Answer

Condensing chromosomes

Answer

Aligning chromosomes at the metaphase plate

Answer

Breaking down the nuclear envelope

Question 7

Which characteristic distinguishes metaphase II of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are aligned at the metaphase plate

Answer

Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate

Answer

Chromosomes are decondensed

Answer

The nuclear envelope is intact

Question 8

What is the role of cyclins in regulating the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They activate cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)

Answer

They inhibit CDKs

Answer

They bind to chromosomes and promote their condensation

Answer

They regulate gene expression

Question 9

What is the primary function of centromeres during cell division?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the attachment of chromosomes to spindle fibers

Answer

They enable the separation of chromatids

Answer

They prevent the formation of aneuploid cells

Answer

They regulate gene expression during division

Question 10

Which of the following does NOT occur specifically during meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

Separation of sister chromatids

Answer

Crossing over

Answer

Pairing of homologous chromosomes

Answer

Halving of chromosome number

Question 11

Which mechanism is typically responsible for cytokinesis in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Furrow formation

Answer

Formation of a cell plate

Answer

Dissolution of the nuclear membrane

Answer

Blebbing of the plasma membrane

Question 12

Which of the following can be a potential consequence of uncontrolled cell division?

Accepted Answer

Cancer

Answer

Anemia

Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Arthritis

Question 13

Which cell cycle checkpoint ensures that DNA replication is complete before mitosis proceeds?

Accepted Answer

G2 checkpoint

Answer

G1 checkpoint

Answer

S checkpoint

Answer

M checkpoint

Question 14

Which technique is commonly used by researchers to observe cell division in real-time?

Accepted Answer

Time-lapse microscopy

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Immunohistochemistry

Answer

Karyotyping

Question 15

What is the primary function of the spindle apparatus during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Aligning and separating chromosomes

Answer

Synthesizing new chromosomes

Answer

Controlling the rate of cell division

Answer

Preventing the formation of multinucleated cells

Question 16

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of meiosis but not mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Synapsis of homologous chromosomes

Answer

Chromosome condensation

Answer

Sister chromatid separation

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 17

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to spindle fibres before anaphase proceeds?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Answer

G1 checkpoint

Answer

G2 checkpoint

Answer

S checkpoint

Question 18

What is the name of the protein complex that holds sister chromatids together until anaphase?

Accepted Answer

Cohesin

Answer

Kinesin

Answer

Dynein

Answer

Myosin

Question 19

Which of the following is a benefit of genetic recombination during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Increased genetic diversity

Answer

Repair of damaged DNA

Answer

Production of identical daughter cells

Answer

Prevention of mutations

Question 20

What is the primary function of the spindle apparatus during cell division?

Accepted Answer

To segregate chromosomes during anaphase

Answer

To condense DNA molecules

Answer

To organize microtubules

Answer

To synthesize new proteins

Question 21

Which molecule is primarily responsible for regulating the progression of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)

Answer

Histone deacetylase

Answer

Growth factor receptor

Answer

Transcription factor

Question 22

Identify the stage of mitosis that is NOT included in the following list:

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 23

During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair and undergo genetic exchange?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Answer

Metaphase I

Answer

Anaphase I

Answer

Telophase I

Question 24

Which cellular organelle is responsible for initiating spindle fiber formation?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 25

Which type of cell division results in daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 26

Which of the following checkpoints ensures that chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers correctly?

Accepted Answer

Mitotic spindle checkpoint

Answer

G1 checkpoint

Answer

G2 checkpoint

Answer

S phase checkpoint

Question 27

What is the term for the process by which a cell duplicates its DNA and organelles prior to cell division?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 28

Which of the following molecules is responsible for unwinding and separating DNA strands during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Histones

Answer

Cohesins

Answer

DNA polymerases

Question 29

Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 30

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes undergo a process called:

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Answer

Replication

Answer

Condensation

Answer

Disjunction

Question 31

In which type of cell division do daughter cells receive half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 32

The spindle apparatus is responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Separating chromosomes during mitosis

Answer

Synthesizing new DNA

Answer

Regulating cell growth

Answer

Repairing damaged DNA

Question 33

Which of the following is a characteristic of cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division

Answer

Differentiated cells

Answer

Slowed down cell growth

Answer

Increased cell death

Question 34

The process by which cells move from G2 phase to M phase is controlled by:

Accepted Answer

Cyclins

Answer

Growth factors

Answer

Temperature

Answer

DNA damage

Question 35

Which of the following accurately describes the distinct mechanisms of cytokinesis in animal and plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells form a cell plate.

Answer

Plant cells form a cleavage furrow, while animal cells form a cell plate.

Answer

Both animal and plant cells form a cleavage furrow.

Question 36

Which protein is essential for the formation and function of the mitotic spindle?

Accepted Answer

Tubulin

Answer

Histone

Answer

Actin

Answer

Keratin

Question 37

Explain the critical role of the centrosome in initiating and organizing microtubule arrays during cell division.

Accepted Answer

The centrosome initiates microtubule polymerization and organizes them into the spindle apparatus.

Answer

The centrosome synthesizes tubulin proteins for spindle fibers.

Answer

The centrosome is involved in spindle fiber formation only during meiosis.

Answer

The centrosome disintegrates after cell division.

Question 38

Which technique is used to identify and measure the DNA content of different cell populations?

Accepted Answer

Flow cytometry

Answer

Microscopy

Answer

Immunohistochemistry

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of cell division in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Energy production

Answer

Growth and development

Answer

Reproduction

Answer

Tissue repair

Question 40

What happens to homologous chromosomes during metaphase I of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

They align at the metaphase plate.

Answer

They synapse.

Answer

They cross over.

Answer

Sister chromatids separate.

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Interkinesis

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Anaphase

Question 42

During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes undergo crossing over?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Answer

Anaphase II

Answer

Metaphase I

Answer

Telophase II

Question 43

Which enzyme is responsible for separating sister chromatids during anaphase of mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Separase

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 44

Which type of cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Budding

Answer

Binary fission

Question 45

What is the primary function of the spindle apparatus during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Separates chromosomes to opposite poles.

Answer

Condenses chromosomes.

Answer

Replicates DNA.

Answer

Transfers mRNA to the cytoplasm.

Question 46

Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Increased genetic diversity

Answer

Lower energy requirements.

Answer

Faster cell division.

Answer

Higher survival rates in stable environments.

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Answer

Telophase

Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Prophase

Question 48

During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Answer

Telophase I

Answer

Metaphase I

Answer

Anaphase I

Question 49

Which of the following is the primary function of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

To ensure accurate replication and distribution of genetic material.

Answer

To regulate cell growth and metabolism.

Answer

To facilitate cell differentiation and specialization.

Answer

To maintain genetic diversity within an organism.

Question 50

What is the significance of centrioles in cell division?

Accepted Answer

They organize microtubule spindle fibers to separate chromosomes.

Answer

They provide energy for cell division.

Answer

They regulate the timing of cell division.

Answer

They synthesize DNA during DNA replication.

Question 51

What is the role of checkpoints in cell division?

Accepted Answer

To monitor and halt the cell cycle if errors are detected.

Answer

To initiate cell death if necessary.

Answer

To promote the progression of the cell cycle.

Answer

To repair DNA damage.