Genetic Regulation Quizzes: Master Gene Control in Biology (BSc)

Question 1

Which of the following is a mechanism of post-transcriptional control in gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

RNA interference (RNAi)

Answer

DNA methylation

Answer

Histone modification

Answer

Transcription factor binding

Question 2

What is the primary function of the TATA binding protein (TBP) in transcription initiation?

Accepted Answer

Recognizes the TATA box

Answer

Initiates transcription

Answer

Promotes elongation

Answer

Terminates transcription

Question 3

What is the main function of enhancers in eukaryotic gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

Activate genes specifically at certain times or in specific tissues

Answer

Repress genes that are not needed

Answer

Promote elongation of transcripts

Answer

Facilitate RNA splicing

Question 4

What is the significance of the lac operon in the field of genetics?

Accepted Answer

It provided a groundbreaking model for understanding gene regulation in bacteria

Answer

It uncovered the role of RNA polymerase in transcription

Answer

It led to the identification of the first oncogene

Answer

It proved that DNA is the hereditary material

Question 5

Which of the following is a key mechanism involved in transcriptional regulation?

Accepted Answer

Histone acetylation

Answer

DNA methylation

Answer

RNA interference

Answer

DNA rearrangement

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a post-transcriptional control mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Transcription initiation

Answer

Splicing

Answer

Polyadenylation

Answer

mRNA degradation

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a gene that is regulated by environmental cues?

Accepted Answer

Heat shock protein

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Hemoglobin

Answer

Myoglobin

Question 8

What is the main function of RNA interference in post-transcriptional gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

Breaks down specific mRNA molecules.

Answer

Starts the transcription process for certain genes.

Answer

Changes histones to affect chromatin structure.

Question 9

The process by which a pre-mRNA molecule is modified to produce a mature mRNA involves:

Accepted Answer

Splicing

Answer

Translation

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Question 10

The process by which gene expression is silenced without altering the DNA sequence is known as:

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic regulation

Answer

Transcriptional repression

Answer

Post-transcriptional silencing

Answer

Translation suppression

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a type of non-coding RNA involved in gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Answer

microRNA

Answer

siRNA

Answer

ncRNA

Question 12

Rett syndrome is an example of a disorder caused by a mutation in a gene involved in:

Accepted Answer

Genetic regulation

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Huntington's disease

Question 13

What is the primary mechanism by which microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Translational repression

Answer

Transcriptional repression

Answer

DNA methylation

Answer

Histone modification

Question 14

Which of the following factors is most important in determining the binding affinity of a transcription factor to DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA sequence

Answer

Protein structure

Answer

Histone acetylation

Answer

RNA polymerase activity

Question 15

What is the main function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome binding

Answer

Promoter recognition

Answer

Termination of translation

Answer

Alternative splicing

Question 16

What is the key difference between constitutive and inducible gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Constitutive genes are continuously expressed, while inducible genes are expressed only in response to specific signals.

Answer

Inducible genes are continuously expressed, while constitutive genes are expressed only in response to specific signals.

Answer

Both genes are expressed in response to specific signals.

Answer

Neither gene is expressed in response to specific signals.

Question 17

What is the primary effect of DNA methylation on gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

Repression of gene expression

Answer

Activation of gene expression

Answer

Alternative splicing

Answer

Transcriptional termination

Question 18

What is the main mechanism by which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) contribute to gene silencing?

Accepted Answer

Translational repression

Answer

Transcriptional repression

Answer

DNA methylation

Answer

Histone modification

Question 19

Which enzyme plays a pivotal role in initiating transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Primase

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 20

What is the primary function of promoter sequences in genetic regulation?

Accepted Answer

Binding transcription factors to trigger transcription initiation

Answer

Terminating transcription

Answer

Enhancing RNA stability

Answer

Regulating translation

Question 21

Which of the following options represents a form of post-transcriptional regulation?

Accepted Answer

Splicing

Answer

Replication

Answer

Translation

Answer

DNA methylation

Question 22

How does 5' capping affect the stability of mRNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

Enhances stability

Answer

Reduces stability

Answer

Has no impact on stability

Answer

Promotes translation

Question 23

What is the primary action of repressors in gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

Binding to operator sequences, hindering transcription

Answer

Binding to activator sequences, promoting transcription

Answer

Regulating translation

Answer

Modifying DNA methylation patterns

Question 24

What is the significance of DNA methylation in regulating gene expression?

Accepted Answer

It can suppress gene expression by hindering transcription

Answer

It activates gene expression by facilitating transcription

Answer

It enhances DNA stability

Answer

It regulates DNA replication

Question 25

What is the key function of microRNAs in regulating gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Binding to mRNA and promoting its degradation, thereby regulating gene expression

Answer

Binding to promoters to activate gene expression

Answer

Enhancing translation

Answer

Regulating DNA replication

Question 26

What is the primary function of transcription factors in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

To promote or inhibit transcription by binding to specific DNA sequences

Answer

To splice pre-mRNA

Answer

To translate mRNA

Answer

To modify histones

Question 27

Which of the following is a mechanism of post-transcriptional control?

Accepted Answer

mRNA stability regulation

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

DNA replication

Answer

Chromatin remodeling

Question 28

What is the primary difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin?

Accepted Answer

Heterochromatin is condensed and relatively inactive, while euchromatin is relaxed and active

Answer

Euchromatin is condensed and inactive, while heterochromatin is relaxed and active

Answer

Euchromatin and heterochromatin have the same structure and function

Answer

Heterochromatin occurs exclusively in prokaryotic cells

Question 29

Which of the following histone modifications is generally associated with increased gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Acetylation

Answer

Methylation

Answer

Phosphorylation

Answer

Ubiquitination

Question 30

How does DNA methylation primarily affect gene expression?

Accepted Answer

By blocking the binding of transcription factors to the promoter region

Answer

By facilitating the binding of transcription factors to the promoter region

Answer

By promoting the remodeling of chromatin structure

Answer

By altering the mRNA sequence

Question 31

What is the primary mechanism of RNA interference in gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

Degradation of specific mRNA molecules

Answer

Activation of transcription factors

Answer

Modification of chromatin structure

Answer

Splicing of pre-mRNA

Question 32

Which of the following factors does NOT directly influence gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide concentration

Answer

Transcription factors

Answer

Chromatin structure

Answer

Temperature

Question 33

What is the primary function of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Accepted Answer

To elongate the RNA molecule

Answer

To unwind the DNA helix

Answer

To terminate transcription

Answer

To bind to the promoter sequence

Question 34

What is the function of a silencer in genetic regulation?

Accepted Answer

To inhibit transcription

Answer

To enhance transcription

Answer

To terminate transcription

Answer

To initiate transcription

Question 35

What is the significance of alternative splicing in genetic regulation?

Accepted Answer

It enables the production of multiple proteins from a single gene

Answer

It ensures the accuracy of protein translation

Answer

It regulates the stability of mRNA

Answer

It enhances the efficiency of transcription

Question 36

Which of the following techniques can be used to investigate protein-DNA interactions in living cells?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)

Answer

DNA microarrays

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Southern blotting

Question 37

Which technique is specifically designed to investigate interactions between proteins and DNA?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin immunoprecipitation

Answer

Microarrays

Answer

RNA sequencing

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Question 38

How does RNA splicing influence protein structure and function?

Accepted Answer

RNA splicing removes non-coding introns and joins coding exons, altering the amino acid sequence and protein structure.

Answer

RNA splicing adds extra nucleotides to the mRNA, changing the protein's amino acid sequence.

Answer

RNA splicing modifies the genetic code in the mRNA, altering the amino acids incorporated into the protein.

Answer

RNA splicing has no impact on protein structure or function.

Question 39

Which RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Answer

RNA polymerase III

Answer

RNA polymerase I

Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Question 40

In an operon, where does a repressor protein bind?

Accepted Answer

Operator

Answer

Coding sequence

Answer

Promoter

Answer

Start codon

Question 41

What is the primary function of microRNAs?

Accepted Answer

Regulating mRNA stability and translation

Answer

Degrading DNA

Answer

Initiating transcription

Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 42

Which technique is used to analyze gene expression patterns by sequencing RNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA sequencing

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Western blotting

Answer

Chromatin immunoprecipitation

Question 43

What is the role of riboswitches in gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

Sensing specific metabolites and regulating gene expression

Answer

Binding transcription factors

Answer

Modifying mRNA structure

Question 44

Which factor influences alternative splicing?

Accepted Answer

Tissue type

Answer

Light intensity

Answer

Temperature

Answer

pH

Question 45

What is a potential consequence of a mutation in a splicing factor?

Accepted Answer

Production of abnormal proteins

Answer

Activation of oncogenes

Answer

Premature termination of transcription

Answer

Increased gene expression