Introduction to Pathology: Master the Fundamentals of Disease

Question 1

Which characteristic is NOT a feature of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Pruritus (itching)

Answer

Erythema (redness)

Answer

Edema (swelling)

Answer

Heat

Question 2

What is the principal function of antibodies in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

Neutralization of pathogens

Answer

Activation of complement

Answer

T-lymphocyte activation

Answer

Cytokine production

Question 3

Which type of programmed cell death is most commonly observed?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Autophagy

Answer

Mitotic catastrophe

Question 4

What is the primary distinction between benign and malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

Local invasion by benign tumors and distant metastases by malignant tumors

Answer

Slow growth of benign tumors and rapid growth of malignant tumors

Answer

Well-defined borders of benign tumors and irregular borders of malignant tumors

Answer

Absence of necrosis in benign tumors and presence of necrosis in malignant tumors

Question 5

Which laboratory test is commonly used to diagnose bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

Blood culture

Answer

Complete blood count

Answer

Urinalysis

Answer

Chest radiography

Question 6

The pathological response of the body to injury primarily involves:

Accepted Answer

Inflammation and repair

Answer

Neoplasia

Answer

Immune response

Answer

Autoimmunity

Question 7

The process of disease progression, development, and outcome is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Pathogenesis

Answer

Aetiology

Answer

Prognosis

Answer

Epidemiology

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Redness

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Dysplasia

Question 9

The branch of pathology that deals with the examination of organs and tissues removed during surgery is known as:

Accepted Answer

Surgical pathology

Answer

Forensic pathology

Answer

Clinical pathology

Answer

Molecular pathology

Question 10

Which term accurately describes the study of changes in cells and tissues caused by disease?

Accepted Answer

Pathology

Answer

Anatomy

Answer

Physiology

Answer

Microbiology

Question 11

Which of the following is the primary indicator of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood flow and vessel permeability

Answer

Tissue damage

Answer

Absence of pain

Answer

Rapid healing without scarring

Question 12

Which of the following is the primary function of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Eliminate non-self entities

Answer

Regulate body temperature

Answer

Transport nutrients

Answer

Produce hormones

Question 13

Which technique is commonly employed for visualizing and examining tissues in pathology?

Accepted Answer

Histopathology

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Flow cytometry

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 14

What is the key distinction between a benign and a malignant tumor?

Accepted Answer

Benign tumors have organized growth patterns and lack the ability to spread, unlike malignant tumors.

Answer

Malignant tumors grow at a slower rate compared to benign tumors.

Answer

Benign tumors can transform into malignant tumors, but not vice versa.

Answer

There is no difference between benign and malignant tumors.

Question 15

Which of the following is not considered a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Elevated body temperature

Answer

Redness

Answer

Swelling

Answer

Pain

Question 16

Antibiotics primarily function by:

Accepted Answer

Killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria

Answer

Enhancing the immune system's response

Answer

Neutralizing toxins produced by bacteria

Answer

Repairing damaged tissues

Question 17

Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which cells undergo apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Activation of caspase enzymes

Answer

Dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Rupture of the cell membrane

Answer

Condensation of chromatin

Question 18

Which of the following is a major cause of acute inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Tissue injury or infection

Answer

Aging of immune cells

Answer

Cancer cell proliferation

Answer

Impaired tissue repair

Question 19

Which of the following techniques is commonly employed to examine tissue samples under a microscope?

Accepted Answer

Histopathology

Answer

Electroencephalography

Answer

Flow cytometry

Answer

Molecular cloning

Question 20

Which of the following is a major category of infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial infections

Answer

Neurological disorders

Answer

Cardiovascular diseases

Answer

Metabolic diseases

Question 21

Which diagnostic technique involves examining cells under a microscope?

Accepted Answer

Microscopy

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Endoscopy

Answer

Blood test

Question 22

What is the primary objective of pathology in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

To provide accurate diagnoses and guide treatment decisions

Answer

To develop new treatments for diseases

Answer

To study the environmental factors that affect health

Question 23

Which of the following is a type of inflammation characterized by the accumulation of pus?

Accepted Answer

Abscess

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Granuloma

Answer

Edema

Question 24

What is the term for the microscopic examination of tissue samples?

Accepted Answer

Histopathology

Answer

Cytology

Answer

Immunohistochemistry

Answer

Molecular diagnostics

Question 25

What is the term for the process of controlled cell death?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Autolysis

Answer

Mitotic catastrophe

Answer

Necrosis

Question 26

Which of the following is a characteristic of benign tumors?

Accepted Answer

Localized growth

Answer

Metastasis

Answer

Infiltration of surrounding tissues

Answer

Rapid growth

Question 27

What is the term for the study of diseases at the molecular level?

Accepted Answer

Molecular pathology

Answer

Clinical pathology

Answer

Forensic pathology

Answer

Cytopathology

Question 28

Which of the following is a major objective of translational pathology?

Accepted Answer

To bridge the gap between basic science and clinical practice

Answer

To identify new drug targets

Answer

To develop new diagnostic techniques