Introduction to Pharmacology: Master the Basics of Drug Action

Question 1

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT contribute to drug action?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of gene expression

Answer

Interference with receptor function

Answer

Modulation of ion channel activity

Answer

Inhibition of enzyme activity

Question 2

Which pharmacokinetic parameter characterizes the rate of drug removal from the body?

Accepted Answer

Excretion

Answer

Absorption

Answer

Distribution

Answer

Metabolism

Question 3

Which type of drug receptor elicits an immediate biological response upon binding?

Accepted Answer

Ionotropic receptor

Answer

G-protein coupled receptor

Answer

Nuclear receptor

Answer

Enzyme-linked receptor

Question 4

Which characteristic is unique to competitive antagonists?

Accepted Answer

Rightward shift of the agonist dose-response curve

Answer

Reversible binding to receptors

Answer

Prevention of agonist binding to receptors

Answer

Production of a maximal response equivalent to agonists

Question 5

Which goal is NOT pursued in modern pharmacology?

Accepted Answer

Complete elimination of drug use

Answer

Development of safer and more effective drugs

Answer

Elucidation of the molecular basis of drug action

Answer

Individualization of drug therapy

Question 6

The rate at which a drug is eliminated from the body is described by its:

Accepted Answer

Pharmacokinetics

Answer

Pharmacodynamics

Answer

Pharmacology

Answer

Toxicology

Question 7

The binding of a drug to its receptor initiates a series of events known as:

Accepted Answer

Signal transduction

Answer

Pharmacodynamics

Answer

Pharmacokinetics

Answer

Metabolism

Question 8

The use of drugs to prevent disease rather than treat it is known as:

Accepted Answer

Prophylaxis

Answer

Treatment

Answer

Palliation

Answer

Diagnosis

Question 9

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of morphine?

Accepted Answer

Activation of μ-opioid receptors

Answer

Activation of GABA receptors

Answer

Blockage of NMDA receptors

Answer

Inhibition of serotonin reuptake

Question 10

The volume of distribution of a drug is a measure of its:

Accepted Answer

Apparent volume in which it is distributed

Answer

Total amount in the body

Answer

Concentration in the blood

Answer

Rate of elimination

Question 11

Which of the following does NOT influence drug metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Body temperature

Answer

Age

Answer

Liver function

Answer

Genetics

Question 12

The therapeutic index of a drug indicates its:

Accepted Answer

Safety and effectiveness

Answer

Potency

Answer

Rate of metabolism

Answer

Volume of distribution

Question 13

Which of the following is a beta-blocker drug?

Accepted Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Salbutamol

Answer

Atropine

Answer

Morphine

Question 14

A common side effect of anticholinergic drugs is:

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Tachycardia

Question 15

Which condition is a contraindication for aspirin use in asthmatic patients?

Accepted Answer

History of aspirin-induced anaphylaxis

Answer

History of gastrointestinal bleeding

Answer

History of renal impairment

Answer

History of heart failure

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in drug development?

Accepted Answer

Target identification, pre-clinical testing, clinical trials, regulatory approval

Answer

Clinical trials, pre-clinical testing, target identification, regulatory approval

Answer

Pre-clinical testing, target identification, clinical trials, regulatory approval

Answer

Regulatory approval, target identification, pre-clinical testing, clinical trials

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of drug action?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating hormone release

Answer

Direct binding to a receptor

Answer

Altering enzyme function

Answer

Modifying cell membrane characteristics

Question 18

The field of study that explores the interactions between drugs and living organisms is known as:

Accepted Answer

Pharmacology

Answer

Pharmacokinetics

Answer

Pharmacodynamics

Answer

Toxicology

Question 19

The highest concentration of a drug in the body after administration is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Peak plasma concentration

Answer

Trough concentration

Answer

Half-life

Answer

Area under the plasma concentration-time curve

Question 20

An agonist drug is characterized by its ability to:

Accepted Answer

Bind to a receptor and activate it

Answer

Bind to a receptor and block its activation

Answer

Have no effect on a receptor

Answer

Prevent the binding of other drugs to a receptor

Question 21

The dose of a drug that produces the desired effect in 50% of a population is known as:

Accepted Answer

ED50

Answer

LD50

Answer

Therapeutic index

Answer

Potency

Question 22

The use of medications to treat or prevent diseases is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Pharmacotherapy

Answer

Pharmacokinetics

Answer

Toxicology

Answer

Pharmacology

Question 23

The branch of pharmacology dedicated to developing new medications is known as:

Accepted Answer

Medicinal chemistry

Answer

Clinical pharmacology

Answer

Pharmacogenomics

Answer

Toxicology

Question 24

Pharmacology is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

The study of the effects of drugs on living organisms.

Answer

The science of discovering and developing new medications.

Answer

The practice of administering medications to patients.

Answer

The analysis of drug concentrations in biological fluids.

Question 25

Bioavailability refers to:

Accepted Answer

The proportion of an administered drug that reaches systemic circulation.

Answer

The rate at which a drug is absorbed into the body.

Answer

The volume of distribution of a drug in the body.

Answer

The peak concentration of a drug in the body.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a type of drug receptor?

Accepted Answer

Serine/threonine kinase receptors

Answer

Ion channel receptors

Answer

G-protein coupled receptors

Answer

Nuclear receptors

Question 27

In pharmacology, the term 'efficacy' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The maximal response that can be elicited by a drug.

Answer

The potency of a drug.

Answer

The selectivity of a drug.

Answer

The safety of a drug.