Systemic Pathology Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge of Disease Processes

Question 1

In the development of atherosclerosis, what is the primary initiating factor?

Accepted Answer

Damage to endothelial cells

Answer

Infiltration of macrophages

Answer

Accumulation of calcium

Answer

Neutrophil infiltration

Question 2

Worldwide, the most common type of gastric cancer is:

Accepted Answer

Intestinal type

Answer

Diffuse type

Answer

Linitis plastica

Answer

Lymphoma

Question 3

The characteristic microscopic finding in acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is:

Accepted Answer

Necrosis of tubular epithelial cells

Answer

Interstitial inflammation

Answer

Dilatation of tubules

Answer

Sclerosis of glomeruli

Question 4

The most prevalent type of lung cancer is:

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Small cell carcinoma

Answer

Large cell carcinoma

Question 5

The most common site for metastasis of colorectal cancer is the:

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

Lung

Answer

Brain

Answer

Bone

Question 6

Which of the following is a common symptom of a peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Frequent headaches

Answer

Skin rashes

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic pathological finding of chronic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulosclerosis

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Atherosclerosis

Answer

Hepatitis

Question 8

What is the main function of neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

To phagocytose pathogens

Answer

To produce antibodies

Answer

To regulate the immune response

Answer

To store glucose

Question 9

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

HIV infection

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Healthy diet

Question 10

What is the primary mechanism of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis

Answer

Stimulation of the immune system

Answer

Reduction of blood pressure

Answer

Increase in hormone production

Question 11

The primary function of the kidneys is to:

Accepted Answer

Filter waste products from the blood

Answer

Regulate blood pressure

Question 12

The primary function of the immune system is to:

Accepted Answer

Protect the body from pathogens

Answer

Maintain homeostasis

Question 13

Which of the following is the primary pathological feature of ischemic heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Dilatation

Answer

Inflammation

Question 14

Which type of lung disease is primarily characterized by both emphysema and airway obstruction?

Accepted Answer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 15

Which of the following is established as the primary risk factor for peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer

Aspirin use

Answer

Alcohol consumption

Answer

Smoking

Question 16

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is predominantly mediated by IgE antibodies and involves the release of histamine from mast cells?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type II

Answer

Type III

Answer

Type IV

Question 17

Which type of acute kidney injury is commonly associated with inflammation of the glomeruli?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulonephritis

Answer

Pyelonephritis

Answer

Nephrotic syndrome

Answer

Renal cysts

Question 18

Which of the following terms describes a tumor that exhibits uncontrolled cell proliferation and the ability to invade surrounding tissues?

Accepted Answer

Malignant

Answer

Benign

Answer

Premalignant

Answer

Metastatic

Question 19

Which diagnostic technique involves isolating and growing microorganisms from a specimen to identify and characterize them?

Accepted Answer

Culture

Answer

Microscopy

Answer

Antigen testing

Answer

Molecular diagnostics

Question 20

Which type of microscope utilizes a laser to generate a three-dimensional image of a specimen?

Accepted Answer

Confocal microscope

Answer

Light microscope

Answer

Electron microscope

Answer

Phase-contrast microscope

Question 21

What is a defining clinical feature of rheumatoid arthritis?

Accepted Answer

Joint swelling and pain

Answer

Skin rash without joint symptoms

Answer

Muscle weakness as the primary symptom

Answer

Jaundice and yellowing of the skin

Question 22

Which of the following is **not** a major topic covered in the Systemic Pathology unit?

Accepted Answer

Neurological pathology

Answer

Cardiovascular pathology

Answer

Respiratory pathology

Answer

Digestive pathology

Question 23

Which of the following is **not** a common cause of acute pancreatitis?

Accepted Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Alcohol abuse

Answer

Gallstones

Answer

Trauma

Question 24

Which of the following is **not** a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Healthy diet

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Smoking

Question 25

Which of the following is **not** a characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Accepted Answer

Reversible airway obstruction

Answer

Airflow limitation

Answer

Hyperinflation

Answer

Emphysema

Question 26

Which of the following is **not** a key principle of cancer pathology?

Accepted Answer

Cancer is always curable

Answer

Neoplasia is a defining characteristic of cancer

Answer

Cancer cells exhibit uncontrolled proliferation

Answer

Cancer cells have the ability to invade and metastasize

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT considered a leading cause of death among individuals with cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Chronic kidney disease

Answer

Heart attack

Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Stroke

Question 28

The histological hallmark of emphysema is:

Accepted Answer

Destruction of alveolar septa

Answer

Thickening of alveolar walls

Answer

Enlarged bronchial smooth muscles

Answer

Excessive mucus production in airways

Question 29

The most commonly diagnosed type of skin cancer is:

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Melanoma

Answer

Merkel cell carcinoma

Question 30

The term 'metaplasia' describes:

Accepted Answer

A change in one type of cell to another

Answer

Enlargement of existing cells

Answer

Programmed cell death

Answer

Dysplastic alterations in cells

Question 31

The most common type of breast cancer is:

Accepted Answer

Invasive ductal carcinoma

Answer

Ductal carcinoma in situ

Answer

Lobular carcinoma in situ

Answer

Inflammatory breast cancer

Question 32

Which characteristic feature is NOT associated with atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Absence of blood flow

Answer

Narrowing of the arterial lumen

Answer

Formation of atheromatous plaques

Answer

Thickening of the arterial wall

Question 33

The respiratory system is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Temperature regulation

Answer

Immune defense

Answer

Hormone production

Question 34

The hallmark histological finding in inflammatory bowel disease is:

Accepted Answer

Prominent lymphoid aggregates

Answer

Dense neutrophilic infiltrate

Answer

Extensive granulomatous inflammation

Answer

Eosinophilic infiltration

Question 35

Which of the following factors does NOT increase the risk of developing coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Smoking cessation

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

High cholesterol

Answer

Physical inactivity

Question 36

Which pathological process leads to scar formation and impaired organ function in chronic liver disease?

Accepted Answer

Fibrosis

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Regeneration

Question 37

The most prevalent type of skin cancer worldwide is:

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer

Melanoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Merkel cell carcinoma

Question 38

In adults, the primary site responsible for the production of blood cells is the:

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow

Answer

Spleen

Answer

Liver

Answer

Lymph nodes