The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Significance

Question 1

Which part of the neuron conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Synapse

Question 2

The blood-brain barrier primarily protects the brain from:

Accepted Answer

Toxins and pathogens

Answer

Mechanical damage

Answer

Shortage of nutrients and oxygen

Answer

Extreme temperature changes

Question 3

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter is involved in reward pathways and mood regulation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Noradrenaline

Question 5

The myelin sheath speeds up nerve impulse conduction by acting as an:

Accepted Answer

Insulating layer

Answer

Protective barrier

Answer

Transmitter of chemical signals

Answer

Storage site for neurotransmitters

Question 6

The sympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Preparing the body for a fight-or-flight response

Answer

Conserving energy

Answer

Promoting rest and digestion

Answer

Healing wounds

Question 7

Which component is NOT part of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Axon

Question 8

Acetylcholine is primarily associated with which nervous system activity?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic

Answer

Sympathetic

Answer

Central

Answer

Peripheral

Question 9

Which part of the nervous system receives and processes sensory information from the body?

Accepted Answer

Spinal cord

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brain stem

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Language processing

Answer

Coordination of movement

Answer

Balance

Answer

Voluntary muscle control

Question 11

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for initiating and controlling voluntary muscle movements?

Accepted Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 12

Which symptom is commonly associated with Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Tremor

Answer

Increased muscle tone

Answer

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer

Seizures

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter is most closely linked to memory and learning?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA

Question 14

Which element is **not** considered a component of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nerves

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Spinal cord

Answer

Cranial nerves

Question 15

What is the primary role of the sympathetic nervous system within the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Involuntary control of body functions during 'fight-or-flight' responses

Answer

Regulating digestion and heart rate during rest and digestion

Answer

Transmit sensory impulses to the central nervous system

Answer

Control voluntary muscle contractions

Question 16

Which type of neuron transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Neuroglia

Question 17

At the synapse, where are neurotransmitters released?

Accepted Answer

Presynaptic terminal

Answer

Postsynaptic dendrite

Answer

Synaptic cleft

Answer

Axon hillock

Question 18

Which of the following symptoms is associated with damage to the occipital lobe?

Accepted Answer

Visual field deficits

Answer

Aphasia

Answer

Impaired decision-making

Answer

Loss of coordination

Question 19

What is the main function of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Transmit sensory and motor information to and from the brain

Answer

Process and store memories

Answer

Control emotions

Answer

Produce cerebrospinal fluid

Question 20

Which neurodegenerative disease is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 21

What is the primary purpose of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Protect the brain from potentially harmful substances in the bloodstream

Answer

Regulate blood flow to the brain

Answer

Transmit electrical signals

Answer

Produce neurotransmitters

Question 22

Which of the following structures is NOT a component of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nerves

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Spinal cord

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 23

The 'fight or flight' response is primarily mediated by:

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Question 24

Which neurotransmitter facilitates communication at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Question 25

The blood-brain barrier primarily serves to:

Accepted Answer

Protect the brain from harmful substances in the blood

Answer

Allow nutrients and oxygen to enter the brain

Answer

Regulate blood flow to the brain

Question 26

Which brain region is primarily responsible for coordinating movement and balance?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Brainstem

Question 27

Damage to which brain area would most likely impair the ability to understand spoken language?

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Broca's area

Question 28

Which of the following is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Epilepsy

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Question 29

The action potential is a:

Accepted Answer

Brief electrical impulse that travels along the neuron's axon

Answer

Chemical signal that is released at the synapse

Answer

Continuous electrical current that flows through the neuron

Question 30

Which of the following is a type of sensory receptor that detects changes in temperature?

Accepted Answer

Thermoreceptor

Answer

Nociceptor

Answer

Mechanoreceptor

Answer

Chemoreceptor

Question 31

The spinal cord primarily functions to:

Accepted Answer

Transmit nerve signals between the brain and the rest of the body

Answer

Process sensory information from the body

Answer

Control voluntary muscle movement