Moral Dilemmas: Navigating Ethical Quandaries in Philosophy

Question 1

Which ethical principle emphasizes the greatest good for the greatest number?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Care ethics

Question 2

Which of the following is a common ethical framework used in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Bioethics

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Care ethics

Question 3

What is the role of emotions in moral decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Emotions can provide valuable insights into the moral significance of a situation.

Answer

Emotions can cloud our judgment and lead us to make irrational choices.

Answer

Emotions should be ignored when making moral decisions.

Answer

Emotions play no role in moral decision-making.

Question 4

According to Kantian ethics, the moral rectitude of an action is determined by:

Accepted Answer

Its adherence to a universalizable principle.

Answer

Its anticipated consequences.

Answer

The agent's underlying motive.

Answer

The agent's inherent moral character.

Question 5

In the cultural relativism view of morality, what determines right and wrong?

Accepted Answer

The specific cultural context in which the action occurs.

Answer

Universal agreement among all cultures.

Answer

Immutable and universal principles.

Answer

Religious doctrines.

Question 6

According to Jean-Paul Sartre, what is the primary ethical responsibility of an individual in a moral dilemma?

Accepted Answer

Acting in accordance with one's own conscience

Answer

Adhering to established rules

Answer

Seeking guidance from others

Answer

Avoiding making a decision

Question 7

What is a defining characteristic of a moral dilemma?

Accepted Answer

Conflicting moral principles

Answer

A clear and straightforward solution

Question 8

Identify the characteristic that is NOT associated with a moral dilemma:

Accepted Answer

Straightforward identification of the correct action.

Answer

Clash between multiple moral standards.

Answer

Absence of a clear-cut right or wrong choice.

Answer

Necessity for the individual to make a challenging decision.

Question 9

In deontological ethical theory, the determining factor of an action's morality is its:

Accepted Answer

Adherence to moral rules.

Answer

Consequences.

Answer

Intentions.

Answer

Impact on happiness.

Question 10

As per the ethical decision-making model, what is the initial step in resolving moral dilemmas?

Accepted Answer

Identifying the ethical concerns involved.

Answer

Examining diverse perspectives.

Answer

Evaluating the potential ramifications of each option.

Answer

Deciding based on personal values.

Question 11

In the context of the trolley problem, which option represents the ethically preferable action?

Accepted Answer

Sacrificing one individual to save five.

Answer

Sacrificing five individuals to save one.

Answer

Allowing the trolley to continue on its current path.

Answer

Diverting the trolley onto a different track, saving no one.

Question 12

In accordance with virtue ethics, the morally correct action is the one that aligns with:

Accepted Answer

Virtues.

Answer

Moral rules.

Answer

Duties.

Answer

Consequences.

Question 13

How do emotions contribute to moral decision-making?

Accepted Answer

They can offer valuable insights.

Answer

They can hinder clear judgment.

Answer

They should be disregarded in favor of logical reasoning.

Answer

They play no part in moral decision-making.

Question 14

The 'trolley problem' refers to a thought experiment involving:

Accepted Answer

A runaway trolley and individuals tied to the tracks

Answer

A real-world trolley accident involving children

Answer

A choice between saving multiple or one person

Answer

A philosophical argument against free will

Question 15

According to utilitarianism, the preferable action:

Accepted Answer

Produces maximum happiness for most individuals

Answer

Adheres to religious teachings

Answer

Aligns with societal norms of right and wrong

Answer

Leads to the most just outcome

Question 16

A criticism of deontology might include:

Accepted Answer

Potential for harsh or unfair outcomes in certain situations

Answer

Dependence on subjective interpretations of moral rules

Answer

Inability to address moral dilemmas

Answer

Foundation in outdated religious beliefs

Question 17

The distinction between an ethical dilemma and a moral dilemma lies in:

Accepted Answer

Ethical dilemmas concern conflicts of ethical principles, while moral dilemmas deal with conflicts of moral values

Answer

There is no distinction between the two terms

Answer

Moral dilemmas are more challenging to resolve

Answer

Ethical dilemmas arise solely in professional settings

Question 18

Emotions can play a role in moral decision-making by:

Accepted Answer

Helping to identify and prioritize moral values

Answer

Impairing our ability to reason objectively

Answer

Being irrelevant to moral decision-making

Answer

Serving as the exclusive basis for moral decisions

Question 19

Which ethical approach prioritizes the consequences of actions as the primary determinant of rightness or wrongness?

Accepted Answer

Consequentialism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Existentialism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 20

In the Trolley Problem, the ethical principle that supports sacrificing a few individuals to save a greater number is known as:

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Kantianism

Answer

Relativism

Answer

Egoism

Question 21

Which of the following characteristics is NOT typically associated with a valid moral dilemma?

Accepted Answer

The presence of only one clear right answer

Answer

An uncertain outcome

Answer

The involvement of conflicting moral values

Question 22

The ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of acting according to maxims that can be universally applied is:

Accepted Answer

Kantianism

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Existentialism

Question 23

Ethical particularism, in contrast to universalism, suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Moral decisions should be based on the unique circumstances of each situation

Answer

Religious beliefs should determine ethical choices

Answer

Universal moral principles should always guide decisions

Question 24

The ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of acting in accordance with one's personal values and beliefs is:

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Relativism

Answer

Deontology

Question 25

A characteristic that distinguishes deontological ethical theories from others is their emphasis on:

Accepted Answer

Obligation and duty

Answer

Consequences of actions

Answer

Relativism

Answer

Personal virtue

Question 26

In Existentialism, the central focus of ethical decision-making is on:

Accepted Answer

Individual freedom and responsibility

Answer

Societal norms

Answer

Universal moral principles

Answer

Divine commands